GB2124277A

GB2124277A - Arched precast concrete culvert

Info

Publication number: GB2124277A
Application number: GB08316923A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Shigeji Nakagawa; Yoshiaki Ishii; Kiichi Yamashita
Original assignee: NIPPON PRESSED CONCRETE KK; Nippon Zenith Pipe Co Ltd; NIPPON PRESSED CONCRETE CO Ltd
Current assignee: NIPPON PRESSED CONCRETE KK; Nippon Zenith Pipe Co Ltd; NIPPON PRESSED CONCRETE CO Ltd
Priority date: 1982-06-25
Filing date: 1983-06-22
Publication date: 1984-02-15
Also published as: KR880001021Y1; HK62086A; MY8600642A; GB8316923D0; GB2124277B

Abstract

A group of arched precast concrete culverts are used for the construction of an aqueduct, a tunnel, a utility tunnel and other various closed conduits depending upon circumstances of the construction site. The culverts comprise a bottom portion (1), two leg portions (2, 2%) upstanding from opposed sides of the bottom portion (1), an arched ceiling portion (3) spanning both leg portions (2, 2%) and means (5, 6) for joining adjacent culverts. Quantity of concrete material consumed can be largely reduced and the transportation and installation works also can be made easy. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Arched precast concrete culvert This invention relates to a group of arched culverts to be used for the construction of an aqueduct, a tunnel, a utility tunnel and other closed conduits, and such group can include a variety of arched concrete culverts ranging from type A to type L that will be described later, and selectively used depending upon circumstances.

The arched culverts each comprises a bottom portion, two leg portions upstanding from opposed sides of the bottom portion and an arched ceiling portion spanning both leg portions.

Heretofore, there have been employed so called box type concrete culverts of cross sectionally rectangular shape, however, with such box type concrete culverts, there has been involved the drawback that, due to large bending moment applied to such culverts as shown in Fig.

28, each tube wall must be make relatively thick to cope with such bending moment, thereby increasing the cost of the concrete materials required in large quantities for the fabrication of the concrete culverts, and also making the trans portation and installation works difficult to the increased weight.

Accordingly, the main object of this invention is to solve such drawback involved in the box type culverts and to provide such a group or arched culverts ranging from type A to type L as described later that are capable of coping with a wide variety of use.

The invention provides a group of arched culverts each comprising a bottom portion, two leg portions upstanding from opposed sides of the bottom portion, an arched ceiling portion spanning both leg portions and joining means for securely joining successive culverts to each other. The culverts may have variations ranging from type A to type L so as to be capable of coping with a wide variety of uses. Preferably the culverts are of precast concrete.

This invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate various type of arched concrete culverts ranging from type A to type L, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an example of closed conduit constructed in a straight line by use of arched culverts of type A, type E and type F,, except that a manhole member to be placed thereon is omitted; Fig. 2 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type A; Fig. 3 is a side view of the culvert of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a socket and spigot joint of the arched culverts; Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of an example of rubber ring applied on the joint; Fig. 6 is a front view of a modification of type A culvert;; Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating an example of a closed conduit constructed in a curved line by the use of the arched culverts of type A, with the rubber ring omitted; Fig. 8 is a side view illustrating an example of a closed conduit constructed by the use of the arched culverts of type B, and type B2 through vertically lowering method; Fig. 9 is a front view of an arched culvert of type B,; Fig. 10 is an enlarged side view of such portions of the arched culverts of type B, and type B2 where a guide plug, a guide socket and a fastener receiving recession are respectively formed; Fig. 11 is a partial sectional view of the joint of arched concrete culverts of type C on which a collar is provided; Fig. 12 is a front view of an arched culvert of type D; Fig. 13 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type E;; Fig. 14 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type F,; Fig. 1 5 is a side view of the culvert of Fig. 14; Fig. 1 6 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type F2; Fig. 17 is a side view of the culvert of Fig. 1 6; Fig. 18 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type G,; Fig. 19 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type G2; Fig. 20 is a front view of an arched culvert of type G3; Fig. 21 is a perspective view illustrating an arched concrete culvert of type G4; Fig. 22 is a front view of an arched concrete culvert of type H; Figs. 23A and 23B are enlarged sectional views of arched concrete culverts of type 11 and type 12, respectively whose center portions are bent leftward and rightward;; Figs. 24A and 24B are front views respectively of arched concrete culverts of type J1 and type J2; Fig. 25 is a perspective view of an arched concrete culvert of type L, in disassembled condition; Fig. 26 is a perspective view of an arched concrete culvert of type L2 in disassembled condition; Fig. 27 is a diagram showing the bending moment applied on the arched culvert of type A; and Fig. 28 is a diagram showing the bending moment applied on the so-called box type concrete culvert of prior art.

Referring now to Fig. 1, there is illustrated a closed conduit 33 laid in a straight line and constructed of arched precast concrete culverts of type A, type E and type F,. The size of the arched culvert of type A ranges from 800 mm to 3000 mm in width from 560 mm to 3000 mm in height and from 1 500 mm to 2000 mm in length. Such precast concrete culverts are fabricated each using concrete materials and a single-reinforcement cage of double-reinforcement cage (not shown).As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, each main body 24 of the arched concrete culverts of type A has a bottom portion 1, two leg portions 2, 2' up standing from opposed sides of the bottom portion and an arched celing portion 3 spanning both leg portions, and is provided with an annular spigot 5 as a joint means on inner half of one open end periphery face 7 and with an annular socket 6 as a corresponding joint means on inner half of the other periphery face 8; said annular spigot 5 and socket 6 are adapted to form so called socket and spigot joint. Also illustrated in Fig. 6 is a modification of the above type A culvert, wherein a large recess is formed on the lower face of the bottom portion 1 to provide good stability in setting thereof. As seen from Figs. 4 and 5, the annular spigot 5 is provided with a stepped portion 5' for retaining a rubber ring 4.

A description will now be made of the types of culvert in alphabetical order, from type B illustrated in Figs. 8, 9 and 10. In place of the above socket and spigot joint, the arched concrete culvert of type B is provided in the main body 24 with four sheaths buried in and extending through the tube wall between both end faces at both sides of the bottom portion 1 and at both sides of the arched ceiling portion 3 so as to insert steel bars or steel strands 9 therethrough.The arched concrete culvert of type B is further assorted into two types, viz., type B, and type B2; the latter B2 is described above, while, the former type B, is further provided with four recesses 12 each for inserting therein a fastener 11, and the lower inserting recesses 1 2a, 1 2b are formed with their upper faces opening upwardly of the bottom portion 1, while, the lower inserting recesses 1 2c, 1 2d are formed with their upper faces opening outwardly of the arched ceiling portion 3. Both type B, and type B2 are each provided with a guide socket 25 on one end and with a guide spigot 25' on the other end corresponding to the lower sheath 10 extending through the bottom portion 1 as clearly seen from Fig. 10.

In Fig. 1 there are illustrated a pair of arched concrete culverts of type C. Also, in place of the socket and spigot joint of type A, the arched concrete culvert of type C is provided with a metallic collar 13 on outer periphery of one open end of the main body 24, in the same shape as the above type A, in such manner that a half length of the collar 13 projects so as to constitute a socket. The culvert C is also provided with a recess 14 on outer periphery of the other open end so as to receive the half length of the collar 13. In the figure, the reference numeral 26 denotes a buried stay for fixing the collar, the reference numeral 27, 28 are packings and the reference numerals 29, 30 denote packing receiving grooves.

Illustrated in Fig. 12 is an arched concrete culvert of type D mainly used in laterally pressjoining method, and it is substantially the same as the above arched concrete culvert of type C, except that lower outside corners thereof where the bottom portion 1 and the leg portion 2, 2' intersect with each other are each formed with a round face R.

The arched concrete culvert of type E of Fig. 13 is a modification of type A such that a flat face 1 5 is formed on the upper face of the arched ceiling portion 3 of the main body 24, with concrete material laid on and integrally shaped with the arched ceiling portion 3 so that there may be directly loaded automotive vehicles or installation machines and instruments.

Referring to Figs. 14-1 7, there are illustrated arched concrete culverts of type F which are per se further assorted into two types, viz., type F, and type F2. The former type F, which has been previously referred to in the description of Fig. 1 comprises a fitting 1 8 for a manhole 32 formed on one part of the flat face 1 5 of the above type E, a vertical passage 1 9 passing through the arched ceiling portion into the inside of the culvert and steps 20 mounted on one side of the manhole 32, the vertical passage 1 9 and the leg portion.

While, as seen from Figs. 16, 17, the arched culvert of type F2 is a combined form of respective halves of the above type F, and a manhole fitting 18, the passage 1 9 and the stairs 20 are formed over two arched culverts of the above type F,.

Illustrated in Figs. 18-21, are arched culverts of type G which is further assorted into 4 types, viz., type G1, type G2, type G3 and type G4 respectively in Figs. 18, 19, 20 and 21. In the arched culvert of type G1, the bottom portion 1, and the arched ceiling portion 3 which is integral with the leg portions 2, 2', are fabricated separately and mutually engageable. In the type G2 of Fig. 19, the bottom portion 1 which is integral with the leg portions 2, 2', is fabricated separately from and mutually engageable with the arched ceiling portion 3. In the type G3 of Fig. 20, the bottom portion 1 is provided with outer holding projections 1 6 at both sides thereof to hold the leg portions 2, 2' from outside.In the arched culvert of type G4, illustrated in Fig. 21, each bottom portion 1 is integral with holding projections 1 6 and is placed only under the end portion of the leg portions 2, 2'. With the arched culverts of type G1 to G3, the bottom portion 1 is buried with concrete material to form a concave waterway 31 between both leg portions 2, 2' on the bottom portion 1, after the precast concrete culvert has been composed and laid at the construction site.

In Fig. 22, there is illustrated an arched culvert of type H in which the bottom portion 1, the leg portions 2, 2' and the arched ceiling portion 3 are fabricated in separate parts, to be mutually engageable.

Arched culverts of type I are illustrated in Figs.

23A and 23B. They are further assorted into two types, viz., Ir of Fig. 23A and type 12 of Fig. 23B.

Both types i1 and type 12 are such variations of the type A that are each bent left and right respectively at their center portions and are used in constructing a closed conduit bent left or right.

Illustrated in Figs. 24A and 24B are arched culverts of type J which are further assorted into type J, and type J2. In the type J,, of Fig. 24A there is formed a subsided waterway 1 7 at the center of the bottom portion 1, while, in the type J2 of Fig. 24B, subsided waterways 1 7, 17 are formed at both sides of the bottom portion 1.

Arched culverts of type L are illustrated in Figs.

25 and 26. This type is a composite type of the type F, and includes two types, viz., type L1 of Fig.

25 and type L2 of Fig. 26. The former type L1 is composed of a portal member 21 without the bottom portion, a pair of fitting plates 23,23', each having an arched opening portion 22, to be fitted on the open end of the portal member 21, a manhole mounting 18 formed on the flat face 1 5, a passage hole 1 9 and steps 20. The latter type L2 has a pair of mutually engageable portal members 21,21 spanning which the manhole mounting 18, the passage hole 19 and the steps 20 are formed.

In constructing a closed conduit using the arched culverts of one or more types among the above types A-L, they are conveyed to the construction site as a matter of course upon selection of the types and sizes considering the construction purpose, capacity and the like and then laid side by side and joined with each other.

In the case of type A, there can be completely prevent any water leakage through the joint by the rubber ring 4, with the annular spigot 5 pressed into the annular socket 6, since the culverts are joined to each other in such manner that the rubber ring 4 is put and retained on the center stepped portion 5' of the annular spigot 5.

Further, the type A is suited to the construction of the closed conduit 34 that is curved left or right (cf. Fig. 7), besides that of the closed conduit 33 of straight line. In this case, with the arched culverts of type E and type F or type L arranged at desired places and joined to the arched culverts of type A, it is possible to let the flat face 1 5 serve as a road surface, and not only the construction works can be efficiently carried out without occupying any particular space, with the installation instruments and materials loaded on the flat plane, but also the manhole 32 can be mounted thereon at a specified interval. Further, when the bent types 1, and 12 are employed, there can be constructed the bent closed conduit 35 which is bent left or right.Employment of the arched culverts of type C in construction of the closed conduit can reduce possible tube end damage since the collar 13 spans both tube ends of the interjoined culverts.

In the construction at difficult places to dig through, for example at a hillside, under a railway or a road or the like, there can be employed such a propulsion method that constructs the closed conduit while succesively pressing forward the arched culverts of type D which as the collar 13 with round faces R at both sides of the bottom portion 1.

Further, in the construction of such a closed conduit that is larger in width and height than that of the type A, there can be employed the arched culverts of type G or type H, with the arched culverts conveyed in separate form to the construction site and assembled at the site. Thus, large size closed conduit can be constructed while overcoming difficulties in the transportation and handling.

While, in the case where the ground is not firm, the closed conduit can be prevented from partially sil,king by using the arched culverts of type B in such construction manner as vertically lowers them from above, because the culverts are firmly held by inserting the four upper and lower steel bars of steel strands 9 through the sheaths 10 formed within the tube wall of the culverts of type B and by tensioning and fastening them by means of the fasteners 11 inserted in the insertion holes 12 formed on the culverts of type B1 which are arranged at specified intervals. In this instance, the guide plugs 25 and the guide sockets 25' usefully serve to guide the mating culverts properly to engage with each other.

As described above, by using the arched culverts of one or more types selected from the types A--L, there can be constructed various forms of closed conduits, and as shown in the digarm of bending moment in Fig. 27, the arched culverts of types A-L are of such stable structure that has largely lowered bending moment which is applied to the upper portion and the tube wall compared to the box type culverts (cf. Fig. 28). As a result, in accordance with the present invention, there can be provided such advantages that the thickness of the arched portion 3 and the leg portions 2, 2' can be reduced, and not only the quantity of concrete materials can be reduced so much to give economical profit but also the concrete culverts can be per se lightened to allow the transportation and installation works to be easily carried out.

Claims

1. An arched culvert, to be used for constructing a closed conduit, which comprises a bottom portion, two leg portions upstanding from opposed sides of the bottom portion, an arched ceiling spanning both leg portions, and joining means for securely joining successive culverts with each other.

2. A culvert according to claim 1 , wherein said joining means comprise an annular spigot formed on an inner half of one face of the culvert and an annular socket formed on an inner half of the other end face thereof.

3. A culvert according to claim 2, wherein the annular spigot is provided with a center stepped portion operable to retain a rubber ring to prevent water leakage through the joint portion.

4. A culvert according to claim 1 of precast concrete, wherein said joining means comprise a plurality of sheaths buried in and extending through the culvert wall between both end faces thereof and adapted to receive therethrough bars to be tensioned and fastened by means of a fastener, said arched culvert further comprising guide spigot on one end face and guide sockets on the other end face which guide spigots and guide sockets serve to guide the mating culverts to properly engage with each other.

5. A culvert according to claim 4, wherein fastener inserting recesses are formed on the tube wall with each sheath cut away at that portion.

6. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein said joining means comprise a collar, which is mounted on outer periphery of one open end of the culvert in such manner that a half length thereof projects so as to constitute a socket and a recess, which is formed on the other open end so as to receive a projecting half length.

7. A culvert according to claim 6, wherein lower outside corners thereof where the bottom portion and the leg portions intersect are each formed with a round face.

8. A culvert according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein a flat face is formed on the upper face of the ceiling portion, by means of concrete material placed on and integrally shaped with the arched ceiling portion.

9. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein the bottom portion, the leg portions and the arched ceiling portion are fabricated in separate parts to be mutually engageable.

10. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein the bottom portion is provided with outer holding projections at both sides thereof to hold the leg portions from outside.

11. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein the bottom portion, and the arched ceiling portion which is integral with the leg portions, are fabricated separately and mutually engageable.

12. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein the bottom portion is integral with the leg portions and is fabricated separately from and mutually engageable with the arched ceiling portion.

13. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein a bottom portion which is integral with outer holding projections is placed under each end portion of the leg portions.

14. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein at least one subsided waterway is formed in the bottom portion.

1 5. A culvert according to claim 8, wherein a manhole fitting is formed on one part of the flat face, a passage is provided passing through the arched ceiling portion into the side of the culvert and steps are mounted on one side of the manhole fitting, the passage and a leg portion.

16. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein two culverts are provided of composite form whereby a manhole fitting, a passage and steps are formed spanning two culverts.

1 7. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein said culvert is bent left or right at center portion thereof so that there may be constructed a bent closed conduit.

1 8. A culvert according to claim 1, wherein said culvert is composite with a portal member without bottom portion, and including a pair of fitting plates having arched opening portion fitted on the open end of the portal member, a manhole mounting formed on a flat face of the ceiling portion of the culvert, a passage therein and steps mounting therein.

19. A concrete culvert according to claim 18, wherein said culvert and said portal member are composite spanning which the manhole mounting, the passage and the steps are formed respectively.

20. An arched culvert substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in Figs. 2 to 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Figs. 8 to 10, Fig. 11,Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Figs. l4and 15, Figs.

16 and 17, Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig.

21, Fig.

22, Figs. 23A and B, Figs. 24A and B, Fig. 25 and Fig. 26 of the accompanying drawings.