GB2134181A - Self-igniting internal combustion engine having a dynamically balanced piston cavity - Google Patents
Self-igniting internal combustion engine having a dynamically balanced piston cavity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2134181A GB2134181A GB08401891A GB8401891A GB2134181A GB 2134181 A GB2134181 A GB 2134181A GB 08401891 A GB08401891 A GB 08401891A GB 8401891 A GB8401891 A GB 8401891A GB 2134181 A GB2134181 A GB 2134181A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- inlet opening
- piston cavity
- side wall
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/0669—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0636—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
- F02B23/0639—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom the combustion space having substantially the shape of a cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
- F02B23/0624—Swirl flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A self-igniting internal combustion engine piston comprises a dynamically balanced piston cavity 3 which has a conical side wall 4 in which the inlet opening 5 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the piston cavity 3. The neck 5 of the inlet opening is provided with an encircling collar 6 which projects radially inwards, the area leading from the side wall on to the inner side of the collar being formed by a transitional radius 8. A multijet injection nozzle 17 having four jets injects fuel into the piston cavity by spraying it on to the side wall 4. Specific dimensions are disclosed which retain in the piston cavity 3 as much as possible of the injected fuel. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Self-igniting internal combustion engine having a dynamically balanced piston cavity
This invention relates to a self-igniting internal combustion engine including a piston having a dynamically balanced piston cavity which has a conical side wall and in which the cavity inlet opening is smaller than the maximum diameter of the cavity, the neckofthe inlet opening being formed by an annularcollarwhich projects radially inwards, the interconnecting area leading from said sidewall to the inner side ofthe collar being formed by a transitional radius, the engine having a multijet injection nozzle which, in operation, injects fuel into the piston cavity.
German Offenlegungsschrift (Laid-Open Application) No. 31 15 933 discloses a self-igniting combustion engine ofthe type mentioned in the introduction having a dynamically balanced piston cavity which has a conical side wall in which the inlet opening is smallerthanthe maximum diameterofthe piston cavity. There is also provided an eccentrically dis
Posed three-bore injection nozzle which injects fuel into the piston cavity by spraying it onto the wall and of which the three jets of fuel, approximately in one plane, impinge on the mid-point of the side wall.On the neck ofthe inlet opening there is arranged a collar which forms a discontinuous interconnection leading to the inlet opening and creates in this area a swirling action which counteracts the wall-sprnying fuel rising towardsthe inlet opening and to a certain extent prevents this fuel from passing out of the piston cavity.
In orderto prevent the bottom ofthe piston cavity from being sprayed with still liquid fuel, this internal combustion engine also has, in the transitional zone between the side wall and the bottom of the piston cavity, an encircling annular bead which projects at an acute angle in cross-section.
The present invention seeks to provide an internal combustion engine of the type referred to in thefirst paragraph, in whichthefuel which has been injected into the piston cavity in the form of spray on the side wall is retained in the piston cavity in the best possible manner.
According to the present invention there is provided a self-igniting internal combustion engine including a piston having a dynamically balanced piston cavity which has a conical sidewall and in which the cavity inlet opening is smaller than the maximum diameter of the cavity, the neck of the inlet opening being formed by an annular collar which projects radially inwards, the interconnecting area leading from said side wall to the inner side ofthe collar being formed by a transitional radius, the engine having a multijet injection nozzle which, in operation, injects fuel into the piston cavity, wherein
a. the multijet injection nozzle is a fou rjet injection nozzle which is arranged relative to the axis of the piston cavity with a degree of eccentricity which is up to 0.25timesthe piston diameter, and the jets of fuel from which injection nozzle impinge on the side wall in a substantially uniformly distributed form in one plane and approximatelyconcentrically and onthecir- cumference;
b. the diameter of the inlet opening is 0.45 to 0.5 times the piston diameter and ihe height of the inlet opening is 0.1 3to 0.22 times the depth of the piston cavity;
c. the depth of the piston cavity is 0.20 to 0.25 times the piston diameter;
d. thetransitional radiuswhichformstheinter- connecting area leading from the side wall to the inner side ofthecollar lies between more than 3 mm and 5 mm;;
e. thesidesidewall passesintothebottomofthe piston cavity with a transitional radius which is between more than 4 mm and 6 mm;
f. the inlet opening passes into the piston head with a transitional radius of 1 mm to 3 mm.
The design ofthe piston cavity according to the invention and the use of a four-bore injection nozzle give rise to optimum distribution offuel in air, wherebythe noxious exhaust gas emissions, in particular diesel fumes and nitric oxides, are considerably reduced. Because of the appropriately shaped projecting encircling collar, the fuel is injected in a uniformly distributed form approximately into one plane and centrally and through the four-bore injection nozzle on tothe circumference of the piston cavity, and the still liquid fuel flowing slowly upwards along the side wall is retained or diverted into an approximately horizontal plane.This diverting action causes an accumulation of the wall-spraying fuel particles so that sufficient time isavailableforthe evaporating fuel particles to swirl with the air/fuel mixture which sweeps past as a result of a compressedflow. Asharpedge may beformed atthe interconnecting point between the collar and the inlet opening to favourthe separation of fuel particles. In addition, a swirling action is created in the opposite direction to that of the general flow, this action counteracting thewall-spraying which rises upwards along the side wall ofthe piston cavity, separating itfromthesidewall and injecting it into the general flow.The improved mixture formation and combustion of fuel which results therefrom brings about, in addition to the above-mentioned improvement in exhaust emission, also a reduction in fuel consumption.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a partial section through a piston along the line I-I in Fig. 2 with the injection nozzle arrangement, and
Fig. 2 shows in plan view, the piston and the injection nozzle arrangement.
The drawings show schematically parts of a selfigniting internal combustion engine, i.e., a compression ignition or diesel engine.
A piston, designated by reference numeral 1, has in its piston head 2 a dynamically balanced piston cavity 3, the side wall 4 of which has an angleofconicity or of approximately 7" to 150 with respect to the cone axis and in which the diameter of the inlet opening 5 is smaller than the maximum diameter ofthe piston cavity 3.The neck ofthe inlet opening 5 is formed by an encircling collar6 which projects radially inwards
and the inner side 7 of which is connected to the side wail 4 by a transitional radius Swhich is approximately ofmorethan3mmand maybe upto 5 mm. The interconnecting point between the inner side 7 of the collar 6 and the inlet opening 3 is formed by a sharp edge 9, the inlet opening 3 enters the piston head 2 with a transitional radius 10, of approximately 1 mm to 3 mm and the sidewall 4 passes into the bottom 12 of the piston cavity with a transitional radius 11 of more than approximately4 mm preferably 5 mm and as much as 6 mm.The diameter 13 of the inlet opening 5 is approximately 0.45 to 0.5 times the piston diameter 14, the height of the inlet opening 15 is approximately 0.13to 0.22 times the depth 16 of the piston cavity and the depth 16 of the piston cavity is approximately 0.20 to 0.25 times the diameter 14. Fuel is injected into the piston cavity 3 through afour-bore injection nozzle 17 which hasfourfuel injection jets and which is arranged eccentrically to the piston cavity 3 by a degree of eccentricity 22, that is, the amount of offset from the cone axis which is greater than 0 and as much as 0.2 times the piston diameter 14. The jets offuel 18, 19,20,21 from the injection nozzle impinge, in operation, on the side wall 4 in a substantially uniformly distributed form approximately in one plane and centrally on the circumference, that is, intermediate the transitional radii.
Claims (4)
1. A self-igniting internal combustion engine including a piston having a dynamically balanced piston cavitywhich hasa conical sidewall and inwhichthe cavity inlet opening is smallerthan the maximum diameter ofthe cavity,the neck ofthe inlet opening
being formed by an annularcollarwhich projects radially inwards, the interconnecting area leading from said side wall to the inner side ofthe collar being formed by a transitional radius, the engine having a multijet injection nozzle which, in operation, injects fuel into the piston cavity, wherein
a. the multijet injection nozzle is a four-jet injection
nozzle which is arranged relative to the axis of the
piston cavity with a degree of eccentricity which is up to 0.25 times the piston diameter, and the jets of fuel from which injection nozzle impinge on the side wall in a substantially uniformly distributed form in one plane and approximately concentrically and on the circumference;
b. the diameter of the inlet opening is 0.45 to 0.5 times the piston diameter and the height of the inlet opening is 0.1 3to 0.22 times the depth of the piston cavity;
c. the depth of the piston cavity is 0.20 to 0.25 times the piston diameter;
d. the transitional radius which formsthe inter
connecting area leading from the sidewalito the inner side ofthe collar lies between more than 3 mm and 5
mm; ;
e. the side wall passes into the bottom of the
piston cavity with a transitional radius which is between morethan4mm and6 mm; f. the inlet opening passes intothe piston head
with a transitional radius of 1 mm to 3 mm.
2. Aself-igniting internal combustion engine as
claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle of conicity of the
side wall is between 7" and 15 .
3. Aself-igniting internal combustion engine wherein the area leading from the inner side of the collarto the inlet opening is formed with a sharp edge.
4. Aself-igniting internal combustion enginesub stantiallyas described herein with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3302427A DE3302427C2 (en) | 1983-01-26 | 1983-01-26 | Self-igniting internal combustion engine with a rotationally symmetrical piston bowl |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8401891D0 GB8401891D0 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| GB2134181A true GB2134181A (en) | 1984-08-08 |
| GB2134181B GB2134181B (en) | 1986-05-21 |
Family
ID=6189177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08401891A Expired GB2134181B (en) | 1983-01-26 | 1984-01-25 | Self-igniting internal combustion engine having a dynamically balanced piston cavity |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH665685A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3302427C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2539816B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2134181B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1178087B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE452045B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4838222A (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1989-06-13 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Combustion chamber for internal combustion engines |
| EP0453613A1 (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1991-10-30 | So "Dvigatelostroene" | Combustion chamber in a piston for a direct injection diesel engine |
| FR2818324A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-06-21 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Direct injection i.c. engine has injector spray angle of predetermined dimensions relative to cylinder diameter and piston position |
| EP1217186A2 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-06-26 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Direct injection engine with small spray angle and methods of using such an engine |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012103193B4 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2018-05-30 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Use of a piston for an Otto engine with external mixture formation and gasoline engine |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH420723A (en) * | 1963-02-28 | 1966-09-15 | Tatra Np | Internal combustion engine with a multi-hole nozzle |
| GB1012924A (en) * | 1963-10-17 | 1965-12-08 | Lister & Co Ltd R A | Improvements in or relating to internal combustion piston engines |
| DE1955084A1 (en) * | 1969-11-03 | 1972-02-24 | Daimler Benz Ag | Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine |
| RO55454A2 (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1973-09-20 | ||
| FR2204224A5 (en) * | 1972-10-25 | 1974-05-17 | Berliet Automobiles | |
| IT1171348B (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1987-06-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | SELF-IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH ROTATION SYMMETRY FISTON CAVITY |
| DE3050580C2 (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1986-04-30 | Central Nyj Ni Skij Dizel Nyj | IC engine with fuel injection - has specified angles between injection channel pairs to direct vapours to opposite sides of chamber |
-
1983
- 1983-01-26 DE DE3302427A patent/DE3302427C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-01-05 CH CH45/84A patent/CH665685A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-13 SE SE8400165A patent/SE452045B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-20 IT IT47568/84A patent/IT1178087B/en active
- 1984-01-24 FR FR8401039A patent/FR2539816B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-25 GB GB08401891A patent/GB2134181B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4838222A (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1989-06-13 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Combustion chamber for internal combustion engines |
| EP0453613A1 (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1991-10-30 | So "Dvigatelostroene" | Combustion chamber in a piston for a direct injection diesel engine |
| FR2818324A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-06-21 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Direct injection i.c. engine has injector spray angle of predetermined dimensions relative to cylinder diameter and piston position |
| EP1217186A2 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-06-26 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Direct injection engine with small spray angle and methods of using such an engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8447568A0 (en) | 1984-01-20 |
| DE3302427C2 (en) | 1985-01-24 |
| GB2134181B (en) | 1986-05-21 |
| DE3302427A1 (en) | 1984-10-04 |
| SE452045B (en) | 1987-11-09 |
| IT1178087B (en) | 1987-09-09 |
| FR2539816B1 (en) | 1986-10-24 |
| FR2539816A1 (en) | 1984-07-27 |
| GB8401891D0 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| SE8400165D0 (en) | 1984-01-13 |
| IT8447568A1 (en) | 1985-07-20 |
| SE8400165L (en) | 1984-07-27 |
| CH665685A5 (en) | 1988-05-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930125 |