GB2135196A - A probe, particularly a clinical probe for intracorporeal use - Google Patents
A probe, particularly a clinical probe for intracorporeal use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2135196A GB2135196A GB08402454A GB8402454A GB2135196A GB 2135196 A GB2135196 A GB 2135196A GB 08402454 A GB08402454 A GB 08402454A GB 8402454 A GB8402454 A GB 8402454A GB 2135196 A GB2135196 A GB 2135196A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- probe body
- monitoring
- plastics
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000010496 Heart Arrest Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010042600 Supraventricular arrhythmias Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003260 anti-sepsis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010351 cardiac pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/6852—Catheters
- A61B5/6853—Catheters with a balloon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
- A61B5/02055—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/283—Invasive
- A61B5/285—Endotracheal, oesophageal or gastric probes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/42—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
- A61B5/4222—Evaluating particular parts, e.g. particular organs
- A61B5/4233—Evaluating particular parts, e.g. particular organs oesophagus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
- A61B7/02—Stethoscopes
- A61B7/023—Stethoscopes for introduction into the body, e.g. into the oesophagus
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
A method of constructing a monitoring probe is disclosed which is formed of an elongate plastic probe body having electrical leads passing through the probe body and connected to appropriately positioned monitoring electrodes on the surface of the probe body. The monitoring electrodes are formed by applying a solution of plastics material containing dispersed particles of an electrically conducting material together with a volatile solvent on the probe body and over the leads extending initially exposed through the probe body. Upon evaporation of the volatile solvent the plastics material with the electrically conducting material adheres to the surface of the probe body to form smooth monitoring electrodes. With this arrangement the possibility of mechanical injury to a patient due to the smoothness of the electrode finish, is much reduced compared to that possible using prior art oesophageal probes which are possessed of jagged edges and the like which cut the mucosa in the oesophagus, and are difficult to clean and sterilize. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A probe, particularly a clinical probe for intracorporeal use
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a probe and particularly to a clinical probe for intracorporeal use.
Background of the invention
The electrical monitoring of a patient is becoming more common in anaesthesia and in intensive care.
In consequence there is increasing interest in the use of multipurpose oesophageal monitoring probes.
The advantages of oesophageal monitoring are many. In the first place it is non-invasive (at least in the unconscious patient), and insertion can be achieved rapidly and easily. Moreover rather than the need for multiple connections as is the case with other procedures, a single cable is all that is required to permit a number of parameters to be monitored from the clinical action. The probe also may be left in place following surgery which allows the patient to be moved and transported easily while still being monitored.
Finally, but not exhaustively, oesophageal monitoring is the ideal way to differentiate supraventricular arrhythmias, and many of the arrhythrnias occurring in anaesthesia are supraventricular in origin, and it allows the patient to be paced by an external pacing source should this be necessary because of cardiac arrest.
Over the lasttwenty-five years there have been a number of reports in the anaesthesia literature concerning various probes which may be used to monitor from the oesophagus. Such probes have all dealt with E.C.G. monitoring and some with temperature and heart and breath sounds. These parameters are all important when monitoring in the anaesthetized patient, and commonly patients will have a variety of wires or tubes strapped to their chest to measure the E.C.G. and record heart and/or breath sounds, with in addition a temperature probe in the rectum or oesophagus.
These wires and tubes are untidy and may get in the way of thoracic, upper abdominal or head and neck surgery and can be inconvenient to manage if the patient needs to be turned prone at any stage of the surgical procedure.
Such previously known probes have all used metal electrodes either inserted into a plastics tube by cutting the tube and then re-attaching, or by being crimped onto the plastics tube.
These methods all have a potential hazard of disconnection and loss of electrodes or plastics tube into the oesophagus. They may also have sharp edges which cut the mucosa and crevices which are difficult to clean and sterilize thus endangering the patient by the possible transmission of infection.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a multifunction monitoring probe particularly for clinical use, in which the above problems are mitigated and/or eliminated.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of constructing a monitoring probe comprising forming an elongate plastics probe body with electrical leads passing through the probe body, exposing the electrical leads at spaced intervals along the probe body, and applying a solution of plastics material containing dispersed particles of an electrically conducting material together with a volatile solvent on the probe body and over said exposed leads, so that upon evaporation of the volatile solvent the plastics material with the electrically conducting material adheres to the surface of the probe body to form monitoring electrodes thereon and the electrically conducting material forms a conducting path to the electrical leads.
An advantage of an oesophageal probe formed by the above method, to clinical use, is that it considerably reduces, the possibility of mechanical injury to a patient due to the smoothness of the electrode finish, that is the lack of jagged edges and the like which obtain in the piror oesophageal probes as discussed above.
Also the possibility of infection is minimised because of the absence of crevices on the surface of the probe body which would harbour infection and would be difficult to clean.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a monitoring probe comprising an elongate plastics probe body, monitoring electrodes on the probe body, the electrodes being of an electrically conducting material in a plastics medium in adhered contact with the plastics of the probe body, and electrically conducting leads extending through the probe body to join with the electrodes.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed hereinafter.
Brief description of the drawings
An embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view through the tip end of an oesphageal probe according to the invention; and
Figure2 is a cross-sectional view through the rear end of the probe illustrating the lead connections of the probe.
Best modes of carrying out the invention
The probe P shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a tubular plastics probe body 1 provided towards its forward end with a ballon 2 which surrounds a series of holes in the probe body 1.
Two small holes 4 are burnt or punched through the wall of the probe body by suitable means, and these holes are placed forwardly and rearwardly of the ballon 2. The hole 4 ahead of the ballon 2 is formed adjacent the tip T of the probe P.
A pair of fine multi-strand copper lead wires 5 are passed down the tubular body 1, one wire being brought out through the hole 4 at one side of the ballon 2 and the other wire through the other hole 4 at the tip of the probe P.
The ends of the lead wires 5 are flattened against the surface of the probe body and a material comprised or silver in a plastics medium and containing a volatile solvent, is painted over the flattened portion of the leads wires and around the tube to form electrodes 6. The plastics medium may be a thermoplastic or soluble elastomer.
On drying the volatile solvent evaporates while at the same time physically etching the surface of the probe body 1 to form a weld-type contact between the plastics medium of the applied material and the plastics surface of the tube 1. During evaporation of the solvent therefore the plastics medium becomes continuous with the plastics surface of the probe body 1, and a good conducting path is formed between the electrically conducting material contained in the plastics medium and the copper lead wires 5.
in essence smooth plastic electrode formations are constructed on the probe body 1 and of similar properties thereto except that the electrodes conduct electrical signals due to the electrically conducting material contained therein. The conductor resistance is less than 10 ohms. A large area of contact is thus assured and the electrodes 6 seal the holes 4 and form a smooth finish with no sharp or jagged edges as in the prior art. Such electrodes have been made in tubes down to the size of 8 FG and could be made in smaller tubes if available.
In the embodiment shown a thermistor 7 is positioned at the tip of the probe to monitor temperature and is accessed by electrically conducting leads 8 extending down the inside of the tubular body 1 from its rearward end, as shown more particularly in Figure 2, the end of the leads 8 being provided with a jack plug 9. Depending on the sizes of the thermistor and oesophageal probe, it may be necessary to use only the active position of the tip suspended on fine insulated lead wires. This will be necessary if a yellow springs thermistor probe is used as an alternative in a small tube. Failure of the electrical contacts in this system will result in an obviously erroneous temperature reading either full scale or zero scale.
The air ballon 2 is a standard part of the oesophageal probe or stethoscope and sounds are picked up proximately thereby by means of a microphone 10 with an output 11 to an audio system (not shown). Another parameter easily measured from the balloon 2 is an oesophageal pressure trace with attendant cardiac pulsations.
A number of different probes of the above type have been constructed to assess various additional parameters which may be monitored. All have been easy to construct and have been used repeatedly.
Antisepsis is performed between each use by immersing the probe in glutaraidehyde for ten minutes.
This procedure has not caused any deterioration in the probe and has been carried out many times. The glutaraldehyde is washed off with water prior to insertion of the probe into patients. If there is a hole in the catheter probe system then it is readily visible following drying as there is "rainout" inside the catheter probe which cannot be cleaned or dried.
The glutaraldehyde cleaning has not however caused any deterioration in the process constructed so far, and all the items are cheap enough to allow the complex probe to be used as a disposable item if required.
An oesophageal probe as above described, has been used clinically to monitor patients having a number of different surgical procedures. The probe is inserted into the oesphagus at the time of induction. It is possible to swallow the probe just as for a stomach tube but this is not pleasant.
Positioning of the probe may be done either on the
E.C.G. or on the pressure trace from the cardiac oscillations if this is monitored. The probe may be inserted about 30 cms from the mouth in an adult, (or 35 cms from the nasal route is used) but it is not necessary to measure this distance to position the probe satisfactorily.
The probe may be constructed differently from that described above and with reference to Figures 1 and 2, and in accordance with the present invention.
For instance the probe body need not necessarily be tubular but a solid plastics probe body would also be suitable, with the electrical leads being formed integrally within the body during a moulding or extrusion process.
Thereafter the leads would be exposed at selected intervals and the novel electrode configuration formed on the body as before.
Alternatively the probe body could be an extruded plastics tube as in the Figures 1 and 2 embodiment but with the electrical leads in the form of electrically conducting paths formed in the plastics during extrusion in a manner as shown in the art.
This electrode system is not exclusively for monitoring E.C.G. EMG signals are easily detected with appropriately position electrodes. Electrical impedance measurements have also been made using either two or four electrodes of this type. All of these measurements have been made in both adults and neonates.
Other variations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art but within the overall concept of the invention as herein disclosed.
The invention has been described particularly with reference to clinical use but uses for the probe may be envisaged in other fields where smoothness for example of probe body surface, is paramount.
Claims (7)
1. A method of constructing a monotoring probe comprising forming an elongate plastics probe body with electrical leads passing through the probe body, exposing the electrical leads at spaced intervals along the probe body, and applying a solution of plastics material containing dispersed particles of an electrically conducting material together with a volatile solvent on the probe body and over said exposed leads, so that upon evaporation of the volatile solvent the plastics material with the electric- ally conducting material adheres to the surface of the probe body to form monitoring electrodes thereon and the electrically conducting material forms a conducting path to the electrical leads.
2. A motoring probe comprising an elongate plastics probe body, monitoring electrodes on the probe body, the electrodes being of an electrically conducting material in a plastics medium in adhered contact with the plastics of the probe body, and electrically conducting leads extending through the probe body to join with the electrodes.
3. A monitoring probe as claimed in claim 2 wherein the probe is provided with an air balloon around perforations in the probe body for sound monitoring purposes.
4. A monitoring probe as claimed in claim 3 wherein the ballon is between a said monitoring electrode at the tip of the probe body and a said monitoring electrode on the probe body itself.
5. A monitoring probe as claimed in claim 4 wherein the probe body is hollow and lead wires extend within the hollow probe body from said monitoring electrodes.
6. A monitoring probe as claimed in claim 5 wherein a thermistor is positioned at the tip of the hollow probe body, the lead wires thereto extending within said hollow probe body.
6. A method of constructing a monitoring probe substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the drawings.
7. A monitoring probe substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08402454A GB2135196B (en) | 1983-02-04 | 1984-01-31 | A probe, particularly a clinical probe for intracorporeal use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838303186A GB8303186D0 (en) | 1983-02-04 | 1983-02-04 | Clinical probe for intracorporeal use |
| GB08402454A GB2135196B (en) | 1983-02-04 | 1984-01-31 | A probe, particularly a clinical probe for intracorporeal use |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8402454D0 GB8402454D0 (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| GB2135196A true GB2135196A (en) | 1984-08-30 |
| GB2135196B GB2135196B (en) | 1986-04-30 |
Family
ID=26285141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08402454A Expired GB2135196B (en) | 1983-02-04 | 1984-01-31 | A probe, particularly a clinical probe for intracorporeal use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2135196B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2224935A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-05-23 | Brunswick Mfg Co Ltd | Oesophageal electrodes |
| US5174303A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-12-29 | Intermedics, Inc. | Pacer lead with replaceable sensor |
| US5179952A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1993-01-19 | Arzco Medical Electronics Inc. | Electrocardial stimulator probe |
| FR2692792A1 (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1993-12-31 | Smiths Industries Plc | Medical-surgical device provided with an electrode. |
| WO2004065098A1 (en) * | 2003-01-18 | 2004-08-05 | Ep Advance Limited | An elongate member having an internal electrical conductor, and a method of manufacture thereof |
| WO2011141102A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2011-11-17 | Cerbomed Gmbh | Electrode arrangement for at least partially inserting into an ear canal of a person |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1242550A (en) * | 1968-08-13 | 1971-08-11 | Bio Controls Corp | Apparatus for controlling incontinence |
| GB1286075A (en) * | 1968-09-20 | 1972-08-16 | Dietmar Rudolf Garbe | Incontinence control |
| GB1416197A (en) * | 1971-12-13 | 1975-12-03 | Rubin L | Apparatus for electrically stimulating the heart |
| GB2084880A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1982-04-21 | American Hospital Supply Corp | A multipolar electrosurgical device |
-
1984
- 1984-01-31 GB GB08402454A patent/GB2135196B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1242550A (en) * | 1968-08-13 | 1971-08-11 | Bio Controls Corp | Apparatus for controlling incontinence |
| GB1286075A (en) * | 1968-09-20 | 1972-08-16 | Dietmar Rudolf Garbe | Incontinence control |
| GB1416197A (en) * | 1971-12-13 | 1975-12-03 | Rubin L | Apparatus for electrically stimulating the heart |
| GB2084880A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1982-04-21 | American Hospital Supply Corp | A multipolar electrosurgical device |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2224935A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-05-23 | Brunswick Mfg Co Ltd | Oesophageal electrodes |
| GB2224935B (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1993-03-24 | Brunswick Mfg Co Ltd | Esophageal electrode |
| US5179952A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1993-01-19 | Arzco Medical Electronics Inc. | Electrocardial stimulator probe |
| US5174303A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-12-29 | Intermedics, Inc. | Pacer lead with replaceable sensor |
| JP3127999B2 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 2001-01-29 | インターメディクス インコーポレイテッド | Pacer lead with replaceable sensor |
| FR2692792A1 (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1993-12-31 | Smiths Industries Plc | Medical-surgical device provided with an electrode. |
| GB2268071A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-05 | Smiths Industries Plc | Medico-surgical device with conductive plastics electrode. |
| US5409652A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1995-04-25 | Smiths Industries Public Limited Company | Method of making medico-surgical devices |
| AU659741B2 (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1995-05-25 | Smiths Industries Public Limited Company | Medico-surgical devices |
| GB2268071B (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1996-07-31 | Smiths Industries Plc | Medico-surgical devices |
| WO2004065098A1 (en) * | 2003-01-18 | 2004-08-05 | Ep Advance Limited | An elongate member having an internal electrical conductor, and a method of manufacture thereof |
| WO2011141102A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2011-11-17 | Cerbomed Gmbh | Electrode arrangement for at least partially inserting into an ear canal of a person |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8402454D0 (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| GB2135196B (en) | 1986-04-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Free format text: DELETE IN JOURNAL 5247, PAGE 3580 |
|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |