GB2145405A - Process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2145405A GB2145405A GB08421377A GB8421377A GB2145405A GB 2145405 A GB2145405 A GB 2145405A GB 08421377 A GB08421377 A GB 08421377A GB 8421377 A GB8421377 A GB 8421377A GB 2145405 A GB2145405 A GB 2145405A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- waste
- monomer
- flame retarding
- transport
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- YKTNISGZEGZHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-$l^{1}-oxidanyloxy-2-methylpropane Chemical group CC(C)(C)O[O] YKTNISGZEGZHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YYQRGCZGSFRBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclofos Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl YYQRGCZGSFRBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decabromodiphenyl ether Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzoate Chemical group CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283725 Bos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001008221 Eudocima Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 decabromodiphenyl chloride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/167—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in polymeric matrix, e.g. resins, tars
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
- G21F9/165—Cement or cement-like matrix
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
A process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage, especially chemical and/or radioactive waste, wherein a strong thixotropic emulsion having a small water content is provided and waste in a liquid or semi-liquid form or in the form of a slurry is added to the emulsion. The emulsion may contain additives such as flame retarding agents and temperature dependent solidification catalysts.
Description
1 GB 2 145 405 A 1
SPECIFICATION
Process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage The present invention refers to a process for the preparation of chemical radioactive or other waste for transport and/or storage.
The problems concerned with the transport of chemical and/or radioactive waste are complex and extremely expensive treatments are required before transport of said waste. International regulations provided measures for the transport of such waste, wherein possible damage to the transport contain- ers, fire, etc. is taken into consideration.
The present invention provides a simple and inexpensive process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage, whilst offering simultaneously a hitherto unknown level of security.
According to the invention an emulsion is provided, said emulsion having a low water content and being highly thixotropic, and to said emulsion waste in a liquid, semi-liquid or slurry form is added.
Preferably the emulsion additionally contains at least one flame retarding additive. Preferably the emulsion additionally contains at least one catalyst, said catalyst being stable at low temperatures and active at high temperatures (e.g. above 60'Cl to solidify the emulsion.
The product of the process according to the 95 invention is a waste/emulsion gel suitable for trans port and/or storage.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, using all of the said additives, the emulsion is extended by means of the waste in a liquid or semi-liquid form or in the form of a slurry [said waste coming from the nuclear, chemical or other industry]. The transport and/or the storage of waste processed according to the invention may provide advantages as follows:
a] In case of collision or damage to a container containing the waste product, the product cannot flow since it is in gel form and requires mixing/ stirring to cause liquification.
b] In case of fire the flame retarding products inhibit rapid expansion of the fire.
cl in a case where a fire causes a high temperature [e.g. above 60'Cl the emulsion becomes solid and allows a quick and mechanical removal of the waste.
In agreement with the International regulations the invention makes it possible to transport waste away from the source and to an independent factory for treatment.
An emulsion of the type as described in U.S. Patents Nos. 4 115 336 and 4 204 988, and Australian Patents Nos. 513 486 and 515 778, may be used in the process of the invention. Such an emulsion contains a resin [preferably an unsaturated polyester resin] and a monomer [preferably an unsaturated monomer].
According to the invention the percentage of water 125 in the emulsion is reduced to a value which permits the addition of water and liquids which accompany the different forms of wastes. The use of bromin ated, chlorinated, phosphated and other products in the preparation of the base resin may give the 130 emulsion high auto-extinction flame retarding properties. The emulsion may have the following additives:
a] Flame retarding agents, e.g. aluminium trihy- d rate, phosphate derivatives [trich lo roethyl phosphate] and chloro derivatives [chlorinated paraffins], bromo derivatives and especially decabromodiphenyl chloride [preferably at maximum dose] etc.
bl Commercial solidification catalysts which are compatible with polyester resins and which are stable at +1 50to +600C and which are active at WC or a higher temperature, e.g. tert butylperbenzoate or 1.1-bis- [tert-b utyl peroxyl-cycl oxen a ne, etc.
The emulsion preferably contains a thixotropic agent which is compatible with water, e.g. types of silica gel such as "AerosoV from Degussa, "Homoc& G 5V from Adriss, acetobutyrates, etc.
Suitable waste for addition to the emulsion is:
a] Mixed or umixed beads of ion exchange resins containing usual impurities - boron, lithium, ammonia, graphite, iron, etc. - having in general acidic pH values [but in some cases slightly basic].
bl Concentrates containing in general a high percentage of boric acid neutralized with sodium hydroxide to a pH value between 7 and 9 with a secondary product such as anti-foaming agents, detergents, oxalic acid, citric acid, potassium chromate, etc.
cl Decontaminated slurries as basic or acidic mixtures or solutions with impurities of e.g. chromates, borates, oxalates, graphite, iron, manganese dioxide, etc.
d] In principle all low, average or highly radioactive waste.
el Other chemical waste.
The waste containing emulsion can be mixed with cement to form blocks or it can be coated, e.g. by the coating process described in Swiss Patent No. [Patent Application No. 2329183 filed on 29th April 19831. The process of the invention provides forthe preparation of a mixture which contains waste [e.g. radioactive waste] in saturation with its storage water, a resin and a monomer to form an emulsion, said emulsion containing the waste, the water contained in the waste, the resin and the monomer, and a hydraulic binding agent added to the emulsion to form a concrete.
Claims (13)
1. A process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage, especially chemical and/or radioactive waste, characterised in that a strong thixotropic emulsion having a small water content is provided and the waste in a liquid or semi-liquid form or in the form of a slurry is added to said emulsion.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the emulsion additionally contains at least one flame retarding additive.
3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the emulsion additionally contains at least one solidification catalyst which is stable at low temperatures, e.g. between 10 and WC, but which is active at high temperatures, e.g. at temperatures higher than WC.
2 GB 2 145 405 A 2
4. The process of claim 1, 2 ol-3, wherein the emulsion contains a thixotropic agent compatible with water, e.g. silica gel or acetobutyrate.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein the flame retarding additive is selected from one or more of aluminium trihydrate, trich loroethyl phosphate derivatives, chloro derivatives such as chlorinated paraffins, bromo derivatives such as decabromodiphenyloxide.
6. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalyst is tert-butyl benzoate or M-bis-[tert-butylperoxy]cycloxenane.
7. An emulsion for carrying out the process according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it contains a resin, a monomer and a thioxotropie agent.
8. The emulsion of claim 7, wherein the resin is an unsaturated polyester resin.
9. The emulsion of claim 7 or 8 wherein the monomer is unsaturated.
10. The emulsion of any of claims 7,8 or9 wherein the monomer has a high flash point.
11. The emulsion of any of clams 7to 10, additionally containing at least one flame retarding agent.
12. The emulsion of any of claims 7to 11, additionally containing at least one solidification catalyst which is stable at low temperatures and active at high temperatures.
13. The processof anyoneof claims 1 to 6, wherein the emulsion containing the waste is mixed with a hydraulic cementing agent, e.g. cement, to form concrete blocks.
Printed in the UK for HMSO, D8818935,1.85,7102. Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4599/83A CH656539A5 (en) | 1983-08-23 | 1983-08-23 | PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL OR RADIOACTIVE WASTE. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8421377D0 GB8421377D0 (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| GB2145405A true GB2145405A (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| GB2145405B GB2145405B (en) | 1987-02-04 |
Family
ID=4279098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08421377A Expired GB2145405B (en) | 1983-08-23 | 1984-08-23 | Process for the preparation of waste for transport and/or storage |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0136496A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6122300A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH656539A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3430165A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2550969A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2145405B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL72751A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1213210B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8402581A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8404187L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA846523B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2179645A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-03-11 | Alexander George Copson | Waste management system |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4439173A1 (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-05-09 | C & E Consulting Und Engineeri | Immobilisation of harmful materials in dust or particle form |
| ITMI20010384A1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-08-26 | Ausimont Spa | POROUS HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANES |
| ITMI20011062A1 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-11-22 | Ausimont Spa | FLUOROELASTOMERIC COMPOSITIONS |
| CN109545418B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2022-05-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Radioactive waste liquid treatment system and method for offshore nuclear power platform |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2046499A (en) * | 1979-04-06 | 1980-11-12 | Astor Chemical Ltd | Encapsulation of radioactive waste |
| GB2095890A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-10-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of encapsulating waste radioactive material |
| WO1983001206A1 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-14 | Radian Corp | Method of immobilizing organic contaminants and non-flowable matrix produced therefrom |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2366234A1 (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1978-04-28 | Crouzet Pierre | Building material contg. polyester - and siliceous material and a setting material e.g. hydraulic cement |
| US4077901A (en) * | 1975-10-03 | 1978-03-07 | Arnold John L | Encapsulation of nuclear wastes |
| FR2361724A1 (en) * | 1976-08-12 | 1978-03-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | STORAGE PROCESS FOR CONTAMINATED ION EXCHANGER RESINS |
| DE2717656A1 (en) * | 1977-04-21 | 1978-10-26 | Nukem Gmbh | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LEAK-RESISTANT AND SALINE-RESISTANT BLOCKS FROM CEMENT AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE |
| ES481367A1 (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1980-02-01 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Encapsulating wastes. |
| IT1195040B (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1988-09-28 | Snial Resine Poliestere Spa Ca | COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER CONTAINING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL BASED ON ION EXCHANGERS |
-
1983
- 1983-08-23 CH CH4599/83A patent/CH656539A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-08-15 EP EP84109707A patent/EP0136496A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-08-16 DE DE19843430165 patent/DE3430165A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-08-22 SE SE8404187A patent/SE8404187L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-08-22 IL IL72751A patent/IL72751A/en unknown
- 1984-08-22 FR FR8413157A patent/FR2550969A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-08-22 ZA ZA846523A patent/ZA846523B/en unknown
- 1984-08-23 GB GB08421377A patent/GB2145405B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-23 JP JP59174192A patent/JPS6122300A/en active Pending
- 1984-08-23 NL NL8402581A patent/NL8402581A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-08-23 IT IT8422394A patent/IT1213210B/en active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2046499A (en) * | 1979-04-06 | 1980-11-12 | Astor Chemical Ltd | Encapsulation of radioactive waste |
| GB2095890A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-10-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of encapsulating waste radioactive material |
| WO1983001206A1 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-14 | Radian Corp | Method of immobilizing organic contaminants and non-flowable matrix produced therefrom |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2179645A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-03-11 | Alexander George Copson | Waste management system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3430165A1 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| JPS6122300A (en) | 1986-01-30 |
| IT1213210B (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| SE8404187D0 (en) | 1984-08-22 |
| FR2550969A1 (en) | 1985-03-01 |
| IT8422394A0 (en) | 1984-08-23 |
| SE8404187L (en) | 1985-02-24 |
| IL72751A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| NL8402581A (en) | 1985-03-18 |
| EP0136496A3 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
| GB8421377D0 (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| GB2145405B (en) | 1987-02-04 |
| EP0136496A2 (en) | 1985-04-10 |
| CH656539A5 (en) | 1986-07-15 |
| ZA846523B (en) | 1985-04-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |