GB2155452A - Active adsorption media for oxygen and water vapour - Google Patents
Active adsorption media for oxygen and water vapour Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2155452A GB2155452A GB08328662A GB8328662A GB2155452A GB 2155452 A GB2155452 A GB 2155452A GB 08328662 A GB08328662 A GB 08328662A GB 8328662 A GB8328662 A GB 8328662A GB 2155452 A GB2155452 A GB 2155452A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- gas
- salt
- stream
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940105305 carbon monoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004503 fine granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/263—Drying gases or vapours by absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The active medium is produced by first absorbing a solution of a salt of the transition metals chromium, manganese, vanadium or molybdenum, in their higher oxidation states, onto the pore structure of silica gel, alumina or pumice stone. After this the material is reduced, at a temperature within the range 250 DEG C to 400 DEG C, in a stream of hydrogen, carbon monoxide or coal gas. The active medium strongly absorbs oxygen and water vapour from other fluids, especially gases, and in doing so passes through various colour changes. The spent medium can be activated or regenerated by heating it in a reducing gas stream within the previously stipulated temperature range.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Active adsorption media for purification purposes
There are many requirements in industry for supplies of processing gases which are essentially free, or practically free, from oxygen and water vapour.
As the microprocessor manufacturing sector increases its processing of pure and doped semiconductor metals the requirement for dry, oxygen-free gases increases as well.
Various measures are described for the removal of impurities of this type (for example see British
Patent Number 1246483) but there are disadvantages in the processes described in that it is necessary, in all cases, to first oxidise the silica supported metal salts to a high valency state by the use of oxygen gas at relatively high temperatures (in the range 300 to 600 C) before chemical reduction is attempted. This reduction produces the active adsorption medium for the desired purification process and invariably a colour change takes place in the surface of the medium during reduction and again when oxygen or water vapour is adsorbed.
It is important that the active medium be readily produced and that it be active at ambient temperatures so that no pre-heating of an adsorption bed is necessary.
Also it is desirable that the moisture, which is adsorbed in use, can be driven off during regeneration of the medium and that regeneration be accomplished by the use of a reducing gas such as hydrogen or carbonmonoxide at about 2500C to 400 C.
The present invention provides a range of materials which comply with these criteria and accordingly there will be described a series of substances which will remove homogeneously dissolved impurities, especially oxygen and water vapour, from a fluid by chemisorption.
In the invention herein described there is provided a range of active adsorption media which consist of what I believe to be low oxidisation states of transition type metals supported on a high temperature resistant mass such as silica or aluminium oxide.
The active adsorption material, in all cases, can be produced directly from the treated silica or aluminium oxide base by a single heat treatment process which involves only one step and that is one of reduction.
It has been found that if a metal salt is selected which is already in a high state of oxidisation and if this is loaded onto a support of either silica or aluminium oxide then the desired active adsorption medium can be obtained by a simple reduction process at about 4000C by the use of hydrogen or carbon monoxide. In selecting such metal salts, for example, those of chromium, manganese, vanadium and molybdenum it is important to select an oxidisation state which is unstable at the temperature of the reduction. In the examples cited the salts are chromates or dichromates, permanganates, metavanadates and molybdates and it is beneficial, though not essential, if the associated cation is also thermolabile for example ammonium.
It is believed that the method of preparation, which is described in this invention, is capable of giving the active adsorption states of the selected transition elements because the decomposition, which occurs during the reduction process, is vigorous and bond disruptive. In the process the peroxy salts would be especially reactive in oxidising the reducing gas.
The process of making an oxygen or water gettering agent using the novelty of this invention is best illustrated by means of examples thus.
Example 1
Silica gel of particle size 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm (Merck 7733) was impregnated with an aqueous solution of ammonium dichromate and the damp mass was dried at 105 C to give a free flowing fine granule with a chromium content of about 1.4% by weight. When this mixture was heated in a stream of hydrogen at 400 C a greeniblue product was obtained which changed to a black colour on exposure to air. Chromatogram B illustrates the efficiency of removal of oxygen from an air/helium mixture.
Example 2
Silica gel was impregnated, as in Example 1, but this time potassium permanganate was used in place of the chromium salt. The gel was loaded with manganese to the extent of about 1.4% by weight. On decomposing this mixture at 3500C in a stream of hydrogen for about 15 to 20 minutes a pale yellow mass was obtained which changed to brown on exposure to air. The chromatogram C indicates how successful it is in removing oxygen from a mixture of air and helium.
Example 3
The silica gel loading technique as described in
Example 1 was used to load the Merck 7733 grade to the extent of 1.4% vanadium using ammonium metavanadate as the water soluble salt. This mass was reduced at 400 C in a mixture of hydrogen and a product was obtained which changed from black to brown when exposed to air but experimental work on the gas chromatograph revealed that it did not completely remove oxygen from air/helium mixture as was the case in the previous examples.
However on repeating the operation with gels containing 2.8% by weight of vanadium the mass completely removed oxygen from the gas mixture and this is indicated by chromatogram D.
Example 4
Silica gel, as before, was impregnated with ammonium molybdate so as to contain about 1.4% by weight of molybdenum and the resulting mass was heated to 4000C in a stream of hydrogen gas. The active product was a brown/black mass which changed to white on exposure to air. Its effectiveness in removing oxygen from an air/helium mix ture is indicated by chromatogram E.
It is important to note that all this reactivity with oxygen in each case occurs at room temperature and there is no requirement to heat the mass when it is used in a purifying capsule in a gas purifying train. In the chromatograms the gas peaks to the left of S represent the mixture entering the adsorption medium whilst that to the right represents the exit gas.
In addition the products of all the examples can be regenerated, after use, by reheating in the same reducing gas stream at temperatures below 400 C.
This means that insitu regeneration is possible in gas purification trains since even in the limiting case the required temperatures are below the maximum working temperature of borosilicate glasses.
In addition to the above described use of the active adsorption medium in connection with gas purification it is interesting to note that the compounds react with water and some (that of Example f) exhibit sharp colour changes; so much so that it is possible to use them to visually indicate when a normally anhydrous organic liquid, or solid, reaches a particular moisture content. In the case of ethanol for example the mass of Example 1 only turns colour when the moisture content reaches 95%.
Claims (7)
1. A process for removing oxygen and water vapour from a fluid mixture, especially a gas, by providing a compound selected from the higher oxidation states of the transition metals which have been reduced at an elevated temperature in an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide.
2. A process according to claim 1 in which the compound provided is a salt of chromium, manganese, vanadium or molybdenium in a high oxidation state and which has been reduced at an elevated temperature in a stream of a reducing gas such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide.
3. A process according to claims 1 and 2 in which the provided compound is produced from a higher oxidation salt of chromium, manganese, vanadium or molybdenium by the reduction of the salt in a stream of a reducing gas after the said salt has been absorbed on a heat resistant, inert support such as silica gel or alumina.
4. A process according to claims 1, 2 and 3 in which the compound, in its higher oxidation state as an adsorbate on silica or alumina, is reduced in a gas stream at a temperature in the range of 250 C to 400cm.
5. A process according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 in which the reducing agent, used to make the provided compound, is hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane or coal gas.
6. A process according to any of the above claims in which the inert support for the transition metal compounds can be any synthetic or natural refractory such as silica gel, aluminium oxide or pumice stone.
7. A process according to any of the above claims in which the provided compound, when spent, can be re-activated by heating at 2500C to 4000C in an atmosphere of any of the previously claimed reducing gases.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08328662A GB2155452A (en) | 1983-10-26 | 1983-10-26 | Active adsorption media for oxygen and water vapour |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08328662A GB2155452A (en) | 1983-10-26 | 1983-10-26 | Active adsorption media for oxygen and water vapour |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8328662D0 GB8328662D0 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| GB2155452A true GB2155452A (en) | 1985-09-25 |
Family
ID=10550788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08328662A Withdrawn GB2155452A (en) | 1983-10-26 | 1983-10-26 | Active adsorption media for oxygen and water vapour |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2155452A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0248224A3 (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1988-08-10 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Mass for removing by chemisorption homogeneous dissolved mixtures, particularly oxygen, from gases or liquids |
| WO2019172845A1 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A composite material and a method for preparing the same |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB757037A (en) * | 1954-01-07 | 1956-09-12 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the purification of gases or gas mixtures |
| GB835751A (en) * | 1955-07-13 | 1960-05-25 | Basf Ag | Improvements in the removal of impurities from gases or vapours |
| GB1246483A (en) * | 1967-06-20 | 1971-09-15 | Messer Griesham G M B H | Process and device for the removal of homogeneously dissolved impurities from gases and liquids |
| GB1263131A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1972-02-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for removal of trace quantities of oxygen from inert gases |
| GB1368685A (en) * | 1971-01-16 | 1974-10-02 | Basf Ag | Purifying gases containing mercury or mercury and oxygen as impurities |
-
1983
- 1983-10-26 GB GB08328662A patent/GB2155452A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB757037A (en) * | 1954-01-07 | 1956-09-12 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the purification of gases or gas mixtures |
| GB835751A (en) * | 1955-07-13 | 1960-05-25 | Basf Ag | Improvements in the removal of impurities from gases or vapours |
| GB1246483A (en) * | 1967-06-20 | 1971-09-15 | Messer Griesham G M B H | Process and device for the removal of homogeneously dissolved impurities from gases and liquids |
| GB1263131A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1972-02-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for removal of trace quantities of oxygen from inert gases |
| GB1364658A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1974-08-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Nickel silica comosition with high nickel surface area |
| GB1368685A (en) * | 1971-01-16 | 1974-10-02 | Basf Ag | Purifying gases containing mercury or mercury and oxygen as impurities |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0248224A3 (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1988-08-10 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Mass for removing by chemisorption homogeneous dissolved mixtures, particularly oxygen, from gases or liquids |
| WO2019172845A1 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A composite material and a method for preparing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8328662D0 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |