GB2159378A - Radiography shielding - Google Patents
Radiography shielding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2159378A GB2159378A GB08412372A GB8412372A GB2159378A GB 2159378 A GB2159378 A GB 2159378A GB 08412372 A GB08412372 A GB 08412372A GB 8412372 A GB8412372 A GB 8412372A GB 2159378 A GB2159378 A GB 2159378A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- collimator
- housing member
- radiation
- weld
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000818946 Homethes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B42/00—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means
- G03B42/02—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means using X-rays
- G03B42/028—Industrial applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/18—Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/20—Sources of radiation
- G01N2223/202—Sources of radiation isotopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
- G01N2223/308—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features support of radiation source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/628—Specific applications or type of materials tubes, pipes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for the inspection of a pipe weld 3 by radiography comprises a radiation source 27 contained in a housing 12 having a first collimator 14 for defining the exit beam and a second collimator 17 mountable on the pipe in the region of the weld 3 to define with the first collimator a predetermined volume enclosing the radiation beam passing through the second collimator 17 when the housing is in a predetermined position relative to the second collimator. The arrangement is such that if the housing is slightly displaced from the predetermined position the radiation beam still falls within the predetermined volume. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Radiography shielding
The present invention relates to shielding apparatus for use in radiography, in particularfor use in radiography of pipe welds.
When inspecting pipe welds with X-ray radiography it is necessaryto erect radiation absorbent shielding immediately around the apparatus and also to clear personnel from a large area around the apparatus to allow for radiation straying past the shielding,thus meeting normal safety requirements. Clearing the working area and erecting the necessary barriers and safety notices is a time consuming process.
The present invention provides apparatus for the inspection of a pipe weld by radiography, comprising a radiation source contained by a housing member, said housing member having a first collimator for defining a beam of radiation emitted from the housing member, a second collimator mountable on a said pipe in the region ofthe weld, means for positioning the housing member relative to the second collimator, such that in a predetermined position said first and second collimators define a body of revolution containing the radiation beam which passes through said second collimator from the source,the arrangement being such thatwhen said housing member is not in said predetermined position, radiation passing through said second collimator is within the body of revolution.
Hence the invention provides itgapparatus in which the outer limits of the beam of radiation entering the pipe are well defined, even if source housing is not accurately located on or relative to the pipe, hence the required location of the shielding relative to the second collimator can be determined with accuracy.
Preferably the housing member is mounted on the pipe. Means for mounting the housing member may be formed as part ofthe collimator, however a separate clamping member is preferably provided.
The clamping member may be located in a predetermined position on the pipe relative to the pipe weld and/or may be attached to or aligned with the second collimators The clamping member may be adapted to ensure that the orientations of the source and collimators remain within predetermined limits. In a preferred form the clamping member has a number of studs projecting in the axial direction of the pipe and the housing member is slid onto the studs to locate it on the pipe.
Preferably the apertures of the first and second collimators are spaced from one anotherwhen the
housing member is properly positioned relative to the
second collimator.
When inspecting a pipe weld it is usual to locate the
source at several positions in orderto inspect the weld around the complete circumference of the pipe.
Preferablytheclamping member has meansfor locating the housing at a plurality of positions around
the pipe circumference so that the clamping may
remain fixed in position whilst the complete weld is
inspected.
The collimator may befixed totheclamp, it being
necessaryto move the collimatorasthe housing
member is moved orto provide a number of
collimators corresponding to each position ofthe
housing member.
Preferablythe collimator is strapped to the pipe substantially independently of the clamping means.
Very preferably the strapping means isformed at least
in part by radiation absorbing material to absorb
radiation passing through the pipe. The strapping
means hay beformed by a stainless steel shell curved to fit the pipe wall and lined with lead rubber.
Preferably, a sheetofflexible radiation absorbent material is attached to an end ofthe strapping means distal ofthe frame, for location around the pipe.
Other preferred features and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom the following description of the invention by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in wh ich: Fig. lisa perspective view of an embodiment ofthe invention with a housing member positioned priorto location on a pipe;
Figs. 2A and 2B are end and side views of a clamping member;
Fig. 3A is a plan view of a housing member collimator; and Fig. 3B is a section along the line Ill-Ill of Fig. 3A;
Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C are plan, side and end views of a collimatorfor location on a pipe;
Fig. 5 is a side view ofthe collimator of Fig. 4 mounted on a pipe; and
Figs. 6Aand 6B illustrate the collimation of a radiation beam.
Figure 1 shows a clamp 1 positioned on a pipe 2 a predetermined distance from a weld 3 which is to be inspected. The clamp 1 is in two halves 4,5 which are hinged together at hinge 6 and secured around the pipe 2 by a screw 7. Clamp 2 as shown has four pairs of studs 8 which pairs are positioned at 90" intervals around the clamp 1. Preferably, claim 2 has 6 pairs of studs spaced equally around the clamp. Holes 9 between the studs of each pair receive a screw for locking housing member in position on the clamp 1.
Housing member 10 has a supporting plate 11 having two holes 12 for sliding over the studs 8 to position the housing member 10firmly on the pipe clamp 1 and hence the pipe 2. Atube head 12 ofthe housing member 10 houses a radiation source (27, see
Fig. 6) and informed of a suitable radiation absorbent material. An aperture informed in the tube head 12 and defined by a collimator 13 of brass which receives a copper plate 14 defining an aperture 15. The plate 14 is attached to the collimator 13 by screws (not shown).
A second collimator 16 is made of stainless steel and lined with lead or lead rubber and comprises a flat
The claims were filed later than the filing date within the period prescribed by Rule 25(1) of the patents Rules 1982.
bottom plate 17 having an aperture 18forthe passage of radiation, upright side walls 19 and end wall 20. The bottom of end wall 20 is curved to fitthe pipe circumference and side walls 19 extend downward to meet the pipe wall and seatthe collimator 1 6firmly on the pipe. Flanges 21,22 are provided on the side and end wallsforattaching a strapping member 23 (see Fig. 5) to the collimatorfor mounting it on the pipe 1.
Referring to Fig. 5, strapping member 23 comprises a stainless steel shell 24 which is shaped to extend completely around the pipe circumference. The shell 24 is in two parts hinge connected together (not shown) with the collimator 16 attached to one part of the shell via the flanges 21,22, e.g. by rivetting, and a clip mechanism 25 holds the halves together around the pipe. The shell is lined internally with yellow lead rubber 26 and externally with blue lead rubber 27. The lead rubber 26,27 extends beyond the edge ofthe steel shell 24 in the direction away from the pipe clamp 1. In addition a sheet of lead rubber 28 formed from a double thickness of blue lead rubber is attached to the lead rubber iiners 26,27. The free end of sheet 28 is rolledaroundashockcord29which isusedfortying the free end around the pipe.Hence the shielding can be extended around a bend which may be adjacent the weld.
To produce an image of the weld radiation sensitive film is placed over the region oftheweld diametrically opposite the source. The source is collimated to irradiate an arc of the weld greater than 90 , ensuring overlap of exposures as the source is stepped around the pipe 1. To facilitate locatitofthe film overthe pipe weld the lower section ofthe strap 23 is split circumferentially so thatthe part laying across the weld can be pivoted away from the pipe, the film being positioned in that part of the shell. By using a thick layer of lead rubber between thefilm and steel shell thefilm is pressed againsttheweldsurfacewithout being damaged.
The method of use ofthe apparatus will now be described. The clamp 2 is fixed on the pipe 2 a predetermined distance from the pipe weld 3, with the studs 8 facing away from the weld 3. The collimator is then clamped overthe pipeweldwiththetrayformed bytheflatmember 17 and walls 21,22 aligned with the studs 8. Guide members maybe provided on the clamp 2 to facilitate alignment ofthe collimator 16 with the studs 8 and to position it overthe weld. The aperture 18 ofthe collimator 16 is preferably arranged to one side of the weld 3. Afilm is then positioned in the lower half ofthe strap 23, overtheweld 3.
The housing member 10 with the tube head collimator 13 is slid into position on the studs 8. When the housing member 10 is slid fully homethe apertures 15 and 18 are aligned as shown in Fig. 6A.
The apertures are arranged relative to the source 27so that a cone of radiation passes through the apertures to illuminate a region of the weld subtending an angle ofsayi350atthe pipe centre.
The apertures and source may be aligned so that the region ofthe weld which is being photographed, i.e.
the region diametrically opposite the source with respecttothe pipe, is illuminated by radiation which passes through a non-welded region of the pipe wall.
The dimensions ofthe cone of radiation are defined by the relative positions of the source and apertures 15, 18 and hence the required location of the shielding, i.e.
lead rubber sheets 26,27,28 is known. If the housing member is not slid fully home the radiation passing through will not fall outside the defined cone.
Radiation will be scattered and reflected by the pipe walls. However the pipe wail is generally quite a good absorber ofthe radiation and so stray radiation travelling along the inside ofthe pipe does not present a significant risk to personnel.
To build up a compiete picture oftheweldthe collimator 16 and housing 10 are repositioned at 90 intervals around the pipe, the clamp 2 remaining fixed in position.
Avariety of radiation sources may be used, such as
X-ray and gamma ray radiation, dependent upon the material ofthe pipe.
The clamp 1, collimator 16 and strap 23 are dimensioned to fitthe pipe being inspected. Source housing 10is normally constant and so the dimen sions of the pairs of studs 8 are constant from frameto frame. The plate 14 on the tube head collimator 13 may be changed to provide different sized apertures 14to suit different pipe diameters. The aperture 18 of the collimator 16 will also vary with pipe size.
The collimator may be lined with lead rubber which extends above the walls 19,20 to brush against or enclose thetube head 12.
Claims (14)
1. Apparatus for the inspection of a pipe weld by radiography, comprising a radiation source contained by a housing member, said member having a first collimatorfor defining a beam of radiation emitted from the housing member, a second collimator mountable on a said pipe in the region of the weld and means for positioning the housing member relative to the collimator, such that in a predetermined position said first and second collimators define a body of revolution containing the radiation beam which passesthrough said second collimatorfrom the source, the arrangement being such thatwhen said housing member is not in said predetermined position, radiation passing through said second collimator is within the body of revolution.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising means for mounting the housing member on the pipe.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the means for mounting the housing member on the pipe comprises a clamp which is clamped on the pipe.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the clamp is attached to the second collimator.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 or4, wherein the clamp is provided with means for locating the housing at a plurality of positionsaroundthe pipe circumference.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the clamp is provided with a number of studs projecting in the axial direction of the pipe and the housing member is slidable onto the studs to locate it on the pipe.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the apertures ofthefirst and second collimators are spaced from one another when in position.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second collimatorcomprises means for strapping the collimator on the pipe.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the strapping means comprises a strap of radiation absorbent material.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the strapping means comprises a stainless steel shell lines with lead rubber.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8,9 or 10, wherein a sheet offlexible radiation absorbent material is attached to the strapping means.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second collimator comprises a tray like member having an aperture in the base thereof and having upstanding sidewalls for enclosing the volume between the housing and the aperture.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the sidewalls comprise lead rubber
14. Apparatus forthe inspection of a pipe weld by radiography substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08412372A GB2159378B (en) | 1984-05-15 | 1984-05-15 | Radiography shielding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08412372A GB2159378B (en) | 1984-05-15 | 1984-05-15 | Radiography shielding |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8412372D0 GB8412372D0 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| GB2159378A true GB2159378A (en) | 1985-11-27 |
| GB2159378B GB2159378B (en) | 1988-09-14 |
Family
ID=10560979
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08412372A Expired GB2159378B (en) | 1984-05-15 | 1984-05-15 | Radiography shielding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2159378B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016124602A1 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-11 | Institut De Soudure | Device for nondestructively testing structures by gammagraphy |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3628029A (en) * | 1968-07-15 | 1971-12-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Apparatus for inspecting tubular goods |
| US3666944A (en) * | 1970-05-11 | 1972-05-30 | Boeing Co | Means and technique for making radiographic examinations |
| GB2128460A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1984-04-26 | Varian Associates | Collimation system for electron arc therapy |
-
1984
- 1984-05-15 GB GB08412372A patent/GB2159378B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3628029A (en) * | 1968-07-15 | 1971-12-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Apparatus for inspecting tubular goods |
| US3666944A (en) * | 1970-05-11 | 1972-05-30 | Boeing Co | Means and technique for making radiographic examinations |
| GB2128460A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1984-04-26 | Varian Associates | Collimation system for electron arc therapy |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016124602A1 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-11 | Institut De Soudure | Device for nondestructively testing structures by gammagraphy |
| KR20170137046A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2017-12-12 | 앵스띠뛰 드 수뒤르 | Apparatus for nondestructive inspection of structures by gamma |
| CN107850557A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2018-03-27 | 法国焊接研究院 | For by gammagram come the device of Non-Destructive Testing structure |
| RU2708092C2 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2019-12-04 | Институт Де Судур | Device for non-destructive testing of structures by gamma-ray flaw detection |
| KR102489908B1 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2023-01-18 | 앵스띠뛰 드 수뒤르 | Apparatus for non-destructive testing of structures by gammagraphy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8412372D0 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| GB2159378B (en) | 1988-09-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20010515 |