GB2168382A - Electrochemical process for cleansing insulating materials - Google Patents
Electrochemical process for cleansing insulating materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2168382A GB2168382A GB08529083A GB8529083A GB2168382A GB 2168382 A GB2168382 A GB 2168382A GB 08529083 A GB08529083 A GB 08529083A GB 8529083 A GB8529083 A GB 8529083A GB 2168382 A GB2168382 A GB 2168382A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- wad
- cleansing
- process according
- oxides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWQCIVKKSOKNN-UHFFFAOYSA-L Tiron Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1O ISWQCIVKKSOKNN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XXAXVMUWHZHZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chymopapain Chemical compound OC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O XXAXVMUWHZHZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 porcelaines Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
The process is for cleansing an insulating material comprising in particular layers of oxides on its surface. The process comprises applying on the surface 1 to be cleansed a first electrode 4 constituted by a wad of metal wool 6, and an electrolyte 3 in which is immersed also a second electrode 9. There is maintained between the two electrodes 4 and 9 such voltage and current that the first electrode 4 is cathodically polarized while producing an emanation of hydrogen. The second electrode may surround the first (Fig. 2). The wad 6 may be rubber against the surface to be cleaned and is slidable under the action of piston 8 so as to compensate for the wear of the wad or increase the working surface. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Electrochemical process for cleansing insulating materials
The present invention relates to a process for cleansing an insulating material comprising in particular oxide layers on its surface.
It is already known to effect an electrochemical polishing of the surface of a metal part or, on the contrary, the electrochemical deposit of a metal on this surface, by using an electrode constituted by a wad of metal wool, the metal part constituting the other electrode (see A. Roos, Techniques Métallograp- hiques, Dunod 1960).
It has now been discovered that such electrodes may be used for cleansing insulating materials by an electrochemical method under specific conditions.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for cleansing an insulating material comprising, in particular, oxide layers on its surface, said process comprising applying on the surface to be cleansed, a first electrode constituted by a wad of metal wool and an electrolyte in which is immersed also a second electrode, and maintaining between the two electrodes such voltage and current that the first electrode is cathodically polarized while producing an emanation of hydrogen.
The present invention is in particular applicable to the cleansing or the scouring of objects having layers of non-conductive oxides on their surface.
In order to improve the cleansing or removing effect, the purely electrochemical effect may be advantageously completed by a mechanical abrasive effect by rubbing the wad against the surface to be cleansed.
The metal wool constituting the wad may be made from a metal such as stainless steel or a more noble metal such as nickel or a precious metal.
The other electrode may be formed by a wire of a metal such as nickel or a precious metal.
The two electrodes may be fixed to distinct supports and held in the hand. In order to facilitate the removing operation, the electrodes are preferably fixed to a common portable support, the electrode operating as the anode surrounding the wad which operates as the cathode.
The electrode constituted by the wad of metal wool may, in particular, be disposed in a tube in which the wad is slidable under the action of a piston so as to compensate for the wear of the wad when the wad is rubbed against the surface to be cleansed and/or to increase the working surface.
The electrolyte may be applied by immersion of the surface to be cleansed in a bath of electrolyte. It may also be simply deposited in the form of a film on the surface to be cleansed. For this purpose, it may be in particular fed through the wad constituting the first electrode.
The electrolyte advantageously contains a complexing agent for the metals and in particular cyanide.
The alkaline electrolyte may be an electrolyte usually employed for industrial alkaline cleansing of iron and steel surfaces.
It advantageously contains KOH or NaOH 5 to 40 % by weight
NaCN or KCN 60 to 120 g/l Surface active agent about 1 % by weight
As surface active agent, there may be in particular employed the alkyl aryl sulphonates of sodium or the aryl sulphonates of sodium. When the deposits on the surface to be cleansed are iron oxides, there is advanta-geously employed Tiron (1,2-dihydroxy-benzene 3,5-disulphonate of sodium) which is a coloured reagent of iron and may play the part of an indicator of the work and exhaustion of the bath of cyanide.
The magnitude of the electrolysis current may be so adjusted as to adjust the emanation of the bubbles of hydrogen which act both chemically and mechanically.
In practice, with a cathode having a wad diameter of 10 mm, the operation may be carried out with a current of 200 to 400 mA and a voltage of 2 to 4 V.
The process according to the present invention may be used for cleansing various insulating materials such as porcelaines, ceramics, mineral materials, plastics materials, wood and fossiles.
The process according to the invention has a particular application in the restoring of ancient insulating objects.
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, and
Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of an assembly of electrodes which may be used in the present invention.
Figure 1 shows an embodiment employing two electrodes fixed to distinct supports held in the hand.
There is applied on the surface 1 of a part to be treated of ceramic material having a layer of iron oxide 2, a film 3 of alkaline electrolyte containing sodium cyanide and Tiron which covers the layer 2 to be removed. Applied on this layer 2 by hand is an electrode 4 comprising a tube 5 of Teflon (RTM) provided at its lower end with a wad 6 of stainless steel wool. Slidable through a plug 7 closing the upper end of the tube 5 is a metal piston 8 which comes to bear against the wad 6. By exerting a pressure on the piston 8, the wad 6 can be displaced. The rod of the piston 8 is connected to the negative terminal of the current supply and the electrode 4 thus constitutes the cathode of the cell.
The other electrode 9, constituting the anode, comprises a tube 10 of insulating material through which longitudinally extends a rod 11 of nickel having a partly bent lower end portion 12. The upper end is connected to the positive terminal of the current supply.
The electrode 9 is applied by hand in the vicinity of the electrode 4 and the voltage is applied between the electrodes 4 and 9. The magnitude is so adjusted that the hydrogen bubbles are produced in a sufficient amount.
During the emanation of hydrogen, the layer 2 is rubbed with the wad 6 so as to facilitate the removal of the layer.
Figure 2 shows an assembly of electrodes carried by a common portable support.
This assembly comprises a central electrode 13 similar to that shown in Figure 1, and comprising in particular a tube 14 and a wad 15.
This tube 14 is surrounded by a second tube 16. Extending between the tubes 14 and 16 is a rod 17 of nickel whose lower end portion 18 is curved so as to surround the wad 15.
This assembly may be easily handled by hand.
Claims (9)
1. A process for cleansing an insulating material comprising in particular layers of oxides on its surface, said process comprising applying on the surface to be cleansed a first electrode constituted by a wad of metal wool, and an electrolyte in which is immersed also a second electrode, and maintaining between the two electrodes such voltage and current that the first electrode is cathodically polarized while producing an emanation of hydrogen.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the wad is rubbed against the surface to be cleansed.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two electrodes fixed to a common support are employed.
4. A process according to claim 3, wherein the second electrode surrounds the first electrode constituted by the wad of metal wool.
5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a wad of metal wool is employed disposed in a tube in which it is slidable.
6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrolyte contains a cyanide.
7. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrolyte contains Tiron.
8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the layers of oxides are layers of non-conductive oxides.
9. A process for cleansing an insulating material comprising in particular layers of oxides on its surface, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8418767A FR2574435B1 (en) | 1984-12-07 | 1984-12-07 | ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE PICKLING OF INSULATING MATERIALS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8529083D0 GB8529083D0 (en) | 1986-01-02 |
| GB2168382A true GB2168382A (en) | 1986-06-18 |
| GB2168382B GB2168382B (en) | 1988-01-20 |
Family
ID=9310378
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08529083A Expired GB2168382B (en) | 1984-12-07 | 1985-11-26 | Electrochemical process for cleansing insulating materials |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE903811A (en) |
| EG (1) | EG17634A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8802445A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2574435B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2168382B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR852918B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1193447B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8503357A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR22346A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU46389B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB809936A (en) * | 1955-09-07 | 1959-03-04 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Method of removing an electrically conducting film |
| GB1185899A (en) * | 1967-10-11 | 1970-03-25 | Charles Alfred Cheeseborough | Improvements in or relating to the production of Porcelain Ceramic Articles |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2372599A (en) * | 1940-03-29 | 1945-03-27 | John S Nachtman | Electrolytic cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces |
| DE934620C (en) * | 1953-07-25 | 1955-10-27 | Walter Siegert | Device for galvanostegic or galvanoplastic surface treatment of objects without using a bath |
| FR1091175A (en) * | 1954-01-06 | 1955-04-07 | Composition for pickling metals | |
| GB822895A (en) * | 1955-11-12 | 1959-11-04 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Reducing electrically conducting metal oxide films |
-
1984
- 1984-12-07 FR FR8418767A patent/FR2574435B1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-11-26 GB GB08529083A patent/GB2168382B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-04 GR GR852918A patent/GR852918B/el unknown
- 1985-12-04 TR TR48890A patent/TR22346A/en unknown
- 1985-12-04 ES ES549552A patent/ES8802445A1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-05 EG EG782/85A patent/EG17634A/en active
- 1985-12-05 NL NL8503357A patent/NL8503357A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-12-06 BE BE0/215980A patent/BE903811A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-06 YU YU189885A patent/YU46389B/en unknown
- 1985-12-06 IT IT68028/85A patent/IT1193447B/en active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB809936A (en) * | 1955-09-07 | 1959-03-04 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Method of removing an electrically conducting film |
| GB1185899A (en) * | 1967-10-11 | 1970-03-25 | Charles Alfred Cheeseborough | Improvements in or relating to the production of Porcelain Ceramic Articles |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| A.ROOS, }TECHNIQUES METALLOGRAPHIQUES}, DUNOD, 1960. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8802445A1 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
| BE903811A (en) | 1986-06-06 |
| EG17634A (en) | 1990-03-30 |
| IT8568028A0 (en) | 1985-12-06 |
| ES549552A0 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
| GB2168382B (en) | 1988-01-20 |
| FR2574435B1 (en) | 1987-02-27 |
| FR2574435A1 (en) | 1986-06-13 |
| GR852918B (en) | 1986-04-07 |
| YU46389B (en) | 1993-10-20 |
| TR22346A (en) | 1987-02-20 |
| YU189885A (en) | 1988-04-30 |
| IT1193447B (en) | 1988-06-22 |
| GB8529083D0 (en) | 1986-01-02 |
| NL8503357A (en) | 1986-07-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19931126 |