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GB2168997A - Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor - Google Patents
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GB2168997A - Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor - Google Patents

Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2168997A
GB2168997A GB08530892A GB8530892A GB2168997A GB 2168997 A GB2168997 A GB 2168997A GB 08530892 A GB08530892 A GB 08530892A GB 8530892 A GB8530892 A GB 8530892A GB 2168997 A GB2168997 A GB 2168997A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fermentation
clarifying agent
clarifying
yeast
ingredients
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08530892A
Other versions
GB8530892D0 (en
Inventor
Peter F Wilde
Graham Neil Berkman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sodastream Ltd
Original Assignee
Sodastream Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB848432086A external-priority patent/GB8432086D0/en
Application filed by Sodastream Ltd filed Critical Sodastream Ltd
Priority to GB08530892A priority Critical patent/GB2168997A/en
Publication of GB8530892D0 publication Critical patent/GB8530892D0/en
Publication of GB2168997A publication Critical patent/GB2168997A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12CBEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
    • C12C11/00Fermentation processes for beer
    • C12C11/11Post fermentation treatments, e.g. carbonation, or concentration
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12CBEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
    • C12C11/00Fermentation processes for beer
    • C12C11/003Fermentation of beerwort
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12CBEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
    • C12C13/00Brewing devices, not covered by a single group of C12C1/00 - C12C12/04
    • C12C13/10Home brew equipment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12GWINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
    • C12G1/00Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
    • C12G1/02Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A method of fermenting a fermentable substrate with yeast to produce an alcoholic beverage in which an organic non-proteinaceous clarifying agent is present in the fermentation mixture from the beginning of fermentation, the amount of clarifying agent being sufficient to exert a clarifying effect on the product obtained at the conclusion of fermentation. An ingredients kit and a fermentation kit for home fermentation are also described.

Description

SPECIFICATION Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor This invention is concerned with the yeast fermentation of suitable substrates to produce alcoholic beverages, more particularly beer and wine, and with kits for carrying out such fermentation, particularly in the home.
In the following description reference will largely be made to the production of beer, but the particular matter with which the present invention is concerned, that is clarification of the beverage as initially produced, also arises in the production of other fermented beverages, such as wine, cider and perry, and the present invention is equally applicable to the latter.
Beer as initially obtained, that is on completion of fermentation, is cloudy, and it is conventional to clarify it. In conventional brewing practice, this is done by the addition of one or more organic clarifying agents, such as isinglass ("finings"), gelatine, sodium alginate or carrageenan.
Alternatively, or in addition, the initially produced beer may be removed from the fermentation vessel and introduced into another vessel with an additional quantity of fermentable substrate, usually sugar, so that a secondary fermentation takes place. This has the effect of clarifying the beer. Such secondary fermenation is usually carried out in stopped or sealed bottles and in this case, since the carbon dioxide formed by the secondary fermentation cannot escape, a further effect is that the beer contains extra dissolved carbon dioxide for which some people have a preference.
Whilst the two clarifying procedures described above, that is the use of clarifying agents and of secondary fermentation, can be used by home brewers, they both involve additional steps and it would be desirable to be able to do without them.
Further a home brewing kit is now available and is described in European Patent Application 0071365 (82303689.2) which comprises a substantially closed container which acts as the fermentation vessel. It is recommended that the user of such a kit should obtain clarificationof the beer obtained by the addition of a clarifying agent to the beer in the container or by drawing off the beer from the container into bottles and carrying out secondary fermentation in the bottles as described above. Either procedure necessarily involves additional manipulations.
We have now surprisingly found, contrary to expectations, that the addition of clarifying agents to the fermentation materials, that is the fermentable substrate and the yeast, before or at the commencement of fermentation neither inhibits the development of the yeast or the course of the fermentation nor affects the ability of the clarifying agents to effect clarification of the product obtained. We have found, however, that it is necessary to use substantially more of such clarifying agents in order to obtain the desired final clarification when they are introduced at the beginning of the process than the amounts which are conventionally used after the completion of fermentation.
According to one aspect of the present invention therefore, there is provided a method of fermenting a fermentable substrate with yeast to produce an alcoholic beverage, in which a clarifying agent is present in the fermentation mixture from the beginning of fermentation, the amount of clarifying agent being sufficient to exert a clarifying effect on the product obtained at the conclusion of fermentation.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an ingredients kit for home fermentation which can be fermented, when water is added, to produce an alcoholic beverage, which comprises a fermentation substrate, yeast and a clarifying agent, the ingredients containing insufficient water or moisture to permit fermentation of the substrate to take place and at least the fermentation substrate and the clarifying agent being present in admixture.
The yeast may also be present in admixture with the substrate and the clarifying agent, but for use with reusable equipment, the yeast may be supplied separately from the other ingredients.
In the case of the fermenting kit described in European Patent Application 0071365, which is not intended to be reusable and which is intended, on the contrary, for one-time use, all the ingredients, that is including the clarifying agent, should be mixed together.
According to a further aspect of the invention, therefore, there is provided a fermentation kit comprising a fermenting vessel constituted by a collapsible plastics bag having an inlet opening provided with a removable closure, and having a pressure relief valve, the interior of the closed bag being substantially sterile and containing a mixture of a fermentation substrate, yeast and a clarifying agent in pre-measured amounts such as to yield a fermentation mixture only after dilution with water, the mixture containing insufficient water or moisture to permit fermentation of the substrate to take place until such dilution and containing sufficient clarifying agent to exert a clarifying effect on the fermented product at the conclusion of fermentation.
The clarifying agents used in accordance with the invention are preferably organic compounds and, more preferably, non-proteinaceous compounds. Preferred clarifying agents are sodium alginate, such as that available from AIL International Limited as "Manucol LB" (Trade Mark), carrageenan, such as that available commercially as Cold Soluble Carrageenan (for example from Arthur Branwell & Co. Ltd.) (carrageenan is, in fact, a form of sodium alginate), and glycerrhizinised liquorice extract, such as those available as SDLET 4969 (21% glycerrhizin) and LEDA 4970 (60% glycerrhizin), both from Arthur Branwell & Co. Ltd.
We have found by experiment that it is usually necessary to use from 5 to 500 times, preferably 10 to 100 times, by weight, the amount of clarifying agent that would be required if added only after the completion of fermentation. Thus, for example, in the clarification of beer it is usually recommended to use 9 mg (on a dry weight basis) of sodium alginate per litre of beer after completion of fermentation. When the same clarifying agent is added to the initial mixture of fermentabie substrate and yeast, it is generally necessary to use from 90 to 900 mg per litre of beer (to be produced from a given amount of fermentable substrate and added water).
The amount of clarifying agent required in any particular case depends primarily on the clarifying agent and the yeast being used (and to a lesser extent on the fermentable substrate) and suitable amounts can readily be determined by carrying out a trial fermentation. Whilst we have found that the clarifying agents used according to the invention do not inhibit the development of yeasts and the progress of fermentation, their ability to clarify the beer or other alcoholic beverage obtained is largely dependent on the choice of yeast, the cloudiness being largely due to yeast cells. Some yeasts are relatively tractable in this regard and some are intractable; the latter will require large amounts of clarifying agent and their use is, therefore, not preferred. It is preferred to use a yeast which requires 90 to 100 mg of clarifying agent per litre of the fermented product.
The other ingredients of the ingredients mix, and the amounts in which they are used, may be conventional. Thus for the production of beer, the mix suitably includes malt extract in powder form, sugar, and coiouring and flavouring materials, such as burnt sugar, hop extract, hop oil, oatmeal extract, and yeast growth stimulants. For wine, the fermentable substrate will include dried grape juice; for cider, dried apple juice; and for perry, dried pear juice.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, the following examples are given by way of illustration.
In all these examples, turbidity (cloudiness) was measured with a Hach Ratio Turbidimeter Model 18,900; this gives turbidity readings on a numericai scale (the lower the reading, the clearer the liquid). A reading of 20 was taken as the criterion for acceptable clarity so that beers having a reading of 20 or less were acceptably clear.
Example 1 Two fermentations were carried out with a powder mix consisting of: bitter malt powder 100g sugar 259 hop extract 0.49 ale yeast 0.5g Cold Soluble Carrageenan 0.5g (from Arthur Branwell & BR< Co. Ltd.) A control fermentation was also carried out with the same mixture but omitting the carrageenan.
In each case, the powder mixture was placed in a suitable fermentation vessel and water was added to make 1 litre and the fermentation was then carried out under the recommended conditions for the yeast used.
At the end of the fermentation and settling period, the turbidity of the beer obtained was measured; the following results were obtained: Turbidity Run 1 with carrageenan 14 Run 2 with carrageenan 14 Control 60 Example 2 Example 1 was repeated, but using 1009 of lager 25 malt powder in place of the bitter malt powder.
The results obtained were as follows: Turbidity Run 1 with carrageenan 16 Run 2 with carrageenan 20 Control 41 Example 3 Fermentations were carried out with a powder mix consisting of: bitter malt powder 900g sugar 350g hop extract ig ale yeast 10g and, respectively, 0, 1g, 2,5g and 5g of sodium alginate ("Manucol LB" from AIL Internatiqnal Ltd.).
In each case, the powder mixture was placed in a suitable fermentation vessel and water was added to make 12 litres. The fermentation was then carried out under the recommended conditions for the yeast used.
The turbidity of the beers obtained was measured and the following results were obtained: Turbidity O (Control) 59 lg Manucol LB 9 2.5g Manucol LB 7 5g Manucol LB 8.7 Example 4 A fermentation was carried out with a powder mix consisting of: malt extract powder (from Alpha Beta Limited) 1009 sugar 259 ale yeast 0.5g liquorice extract (SDLET) 4969) (from Arthur Branwell & Co. Ltd.) 0.5g A control fermentation was also carried out with the same mixture but omitting the liquorice extract.
In each case, the powder mixture was placed in a suitable fermentation vessel and water was added to make 1 litre and the fermentation was then carried out under the recommended conditions for the yeast used.
At the end of the fermentation and settling period, the turbidity of the beer obtained was measured; the following results were obtained: Turbidity With liquorice extract 6 control 22 Example 5 Example 4 was repeated, but using 0.5g of lager yeast in place of the ale yeast.
The results obtained were as follows: Turbidity With liquorice extract 15 Control 35 Example 6 Example 4 was repeated, but using 0.5g of lager yeast in place of the ale yeast, and 1.0g of LEDA 4970 liquorice extract (from Arthur Branwell & Co. Ltd.) in place of the SDLET 4969 extract; 0.2g of hop extract was also included in the mix.
The results obtained were as follows: Turbidity With liquorice extract 9 Control 15 Example 7 A fermentation was carried out with a powder mix consisting of: "Cedarex B" malt extract (from Munton & Fison plc.) 1009 sugar 259 hop extract 0.29 lager yeast 0.5g liquorice extract LEDA 4970 1.0g A control fermentation was also carried out with the same mixture but omitting the liquorice extract.
In each case, the powder mixture was placed in a suitable fermentation vessel and water was added to make 1 litre and the fermentation was then carried out under the recommended conditions for the yeast used.
At the end of the fermentation and settling period, the turbidity of the beer obtained was measured: the following results were obtained: Turbidity With liquorice extract 20 Control . 55

Claims (13)

1. A method of fermenting a fermentable substrate with yeast to produce an alcoholic beverage, in which a clarifying agent is present in the fermentation mixture from the beginning of fermentation, the amount of clarifying agent being sufficient to exert a clarifying effect on the product obtained at the conclusion of fermentation.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the clarifying agent is an organic clarifying agent.
3. A method according to claim 1, in which the clarifying agent is an organic non-proteinaceous clarifying agent.
4. A method according to claim 1, in which the clarifying agent is sodium alginate, carrageenan or glycerrhizinised liquorice extract.
5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 4, in which the yeast used is such that clarification of the fermented product is obtained with from 90 to 900 mg of the clarifying agent per litre of the fermented product.
6. An ingredients kit for home fermentation which can be fermented, when water is added, to pro duce an alcoholic beverage, which comprises a fermentation substrate, yeast and a clarifying agent, the ingredients containing insufficient water or moisture to permit fermentation of the substrate to take place and at least the fermentation substrate and the clarifying agent being present in admixture.
7. An ingredients kit according to claim 6, in which the fermentation substrate, the yeast and the clari fying agent are present in admixture.
8. An ingredients kit according to claim 6 or 7, in which the clarifying agent is an organic clarifying agent.
9. An ingredients kit according to claim 6 or 7, in which the clarifying agent is an organic non protein aceous clarifying agent.
10. An ingredients kit according to claim 6 or 7, in which the clarifying agent is sodium alginate, car rageenan, or glycerrhizinised liquorice extract.
11. A fermentation kit comprising a fermenting vessel constituted by a collapsible plastics bag having an inlet opening provided with a removable closure, and having a pressure relief valve, the interior of the closed bag being substantially sterile and containing a mixture of a fermentation substrate, yeast and a clarifying agent in pre-measured amounts such as to yield a fermentation mixture only after dilution with water, the mixture containing insufficient water or moisture to permit fermentation of the substrate to take place until such dilution and containing sufficient clarifying agent to exert a clarifying effect on the fermented product at the conclusion of fermentation.
12. A method of fermenting a fermentable substrate according to claim 1, substantially as herein de scribed in any of Examples 1 to 7.
13. An ingredients kit according to claim 6, substantially as herein described in any of Examples 1 to 7.
GB08530892A 1984-12-19 1985-12-16 Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor Withdrawn GB2168997A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08530892A GB2168997A (en) 1984-12-19 1985-12-16 Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB848432086A GB8432086D0 (en) 1984-12-19 1984-12-19 Production of alcoholic beverages & kits
GB08530892A GB2168997A (en) 1984-12-19 1985-12-16 Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8530892D0 GB8530892D0 (en) 1986-01-29
GB2168997A true GB2168997A (en) 1986-07-02

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GB08530892A Withdrawn GB2168997A (en) 1984-12-19 1985-12-16 Production of alcoholic beverages and kits therefor

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0669393A4 (en) * 1993-09-07 1996-03-06 Sapporo Breweries Method of producing liquor.
GB2306970A (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-14 Sachetpack Ltd Yeast composition/package for home brewing

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1323622A (en) * 1970-10-02 1973-07-18 Donn Bacchus Ltd Fermentation of fermentable substrates
GB1380316A (en) * 1972-02-24 1975-01-15 British Visqueen Ltd Fermentation
EP0071365A2 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-09 Sodastream Limited Improvements in or relating to home brewing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1323622A (en) * 1970-10-02 1973-07-18 Donn Bacchus Ltd Fermentation of fermentable substrates
GB1380316A (en) * 1972-02-24 1975-01-15 British Visqueen Ltd Fermentation
EP0071365A2 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-09 Sodastream Limited Improvements in or relating to home brewing

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0669393A4 (en) * 1993-09-07 1996-03-06 Sapporo Breweries Method of producing liquor.
GB2306970A (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-14 Sachetpack Ltd Yeast composition/package for home brewing
WO1997017423A3 (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-07-17 Sachetpack Ltd Package for home brewing
GB2306970B (en) * 1995-11-07 1998-04-22 Sachetpack Ltd Yeast composition/package for use in home-brewing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8530892D0 (en) 1986-01-29

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