GB2178606A - Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables - Google Patents
Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2178606A GB2178606A GB08618416A GB8618416A GB2178606A GB 2178606 A GB2178606 A GB 2178606A GB 08618416 A GB08618416 A GB 08618416A GB 8618416 A GB8618416 A GB 8618416A GB 2178606 A GB2178606 A GB 2178606A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mineral
- termination
- silicone
- insulated cable
- permanently
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical class Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004447 silicone coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
Landscapes
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
A termination for a mineral-insulated electric cable comprises a pot filled with a permanently pasty and permanently adherent sealing medium that is convertible to a ceramic body under fire or other conditions exceeding the intended working temperature. The sealing medium includes a mineral filler, eg. bentonite, talc, kaolin and other clays, magnesium silicate, mica, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, glass and mixtures of these and a fluid organic binder, eg. a non carbonisable silicone.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables
This invention relates to terminations for electric cables of the kind having a metal sheath and insulation of compacted mineral powder which fills the sheath (mineral insulated cables). Such cables are inherently resistant to heat and to fire exposure and will continue to function unless the metal sheath is melted or destroyed by oxidation; for example, a mineral insulated cable with copper conductors and sheath will function for several hours at 1 0000C in air of normal atmospheric composition.
However, the mineral insulation of such cables is sensitive to moisture, and the terminations currently used to provide a moistureproof seal are much less resistant to heat and fire than the cables are, and may cause system failure when the cables themselves are still in a serviceable condition.
The present invention provides terminations with fire-performance characteristics comparable with those of the cables.
In accordance with the invention, a mineralinsulated cable termination including a sealing pot secured to the cut-back end of the cable sheath and enclosing the whole of the mineral insulation that is exposed at the cut-back end of the sheath together with an adjacent section of the, or each, exposed cable conductor and filled with a permanently-pasty and permanently-adherent sealing medium comprising a mineral filler and a fluid organic binder is characterised by the fact that the sealing medium is convertible to a ceramic body on heating sufficient to pyrolyse and/or volatilise the organic binder.
Preferably the pot is made of a material or materials at least as heat-resistant as the cable, but this is not essential as the ceramic body formed under fire conditions may (in favourable cases) be adequate to maintain a minimum level of insulation resistance even though the pot has been melted or otherwise destroyed: thus a conventional brass pot with an organic closure disc may be acceptable.
Otherwise a stainless steel or copper pot with a ceramic closure disc is recommended.
The sealing medium must have a high adhesive affinity for the metal(s) of the cable sheath and conductor(s) as well as for the mineral insulation; and it must be convertible to ceramic form at a temperature above the maximum service temperature but not substantially higher than the highest temperature which the pot will withstand. For use with standard mineral-insulated cables in which the metal components are of copper, we prefer that conversion to ceramic form is rapid in at least part of the temperature range from 500 to 800"C.
Suitable mineral fillers include bentonite, talc, kaolin and other clays, magnesium silicate, mica, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, glass, and mixtures of these. Silica can be used in admixture with one or more of these.
Since carbon-base organic binders are liable to carbonisation in at least some high-temperature conditions, we prefer to use a non-carbonisable silicone binder and more especially those silicone polymers which decompose in the solid state to leave a residue of silica which contributes positively to the ceramification process; these requirements are met by the 'copolymeric siloxanes' in which there is a structural framework consisting essentially of silicon and oxygen atoms only with carbonbased side-chains all attached via side-chain silicon atoms, and the Applicants at present believe that this structure is necessary among silicone binders.Suitable polymers can be made by hydrolysis and co-condensation of a tetrafunctional silane and a trialkyl monofunctional silane, e.g. tetra ethoxy silane and trimethyl ethoxy silane (or their chloro analogues) as more fully described in UK Patent 2046283B (and see also US Patent 2676182). So far as the applicants are aware, such polymers are not at present offered on the open market as such, but they are believed to be made and used in the manufacture of silicone adhesives and coatings. Silicone binders suitable for use in the invention and thought to be of this kind can be extracted from the adhesives sold by Dow Corning Limited under reference numbers 280A and 282 and the coating sold under the designation 'Toray Silastic TS1417'.
A proportion of a silicone, such as a silicone fluid, which decomposes at least partly in the vapour phase to give a powdery silica deposit may be present, and is helpful in securing the required ambient-temperature properties. Ordinary polydimethyl siloxane fluids are suitable for this purpose.
The ceramifiable silicone adhesives described in U.S. Patent 4255316 may be suitable for use as the sealing medium of the present invention, or the proportion of the ingredients may be varied to secure better ambient physical and adhesive properties.
Example 1:
Toray Silastic TS1417 appears to be a dispersion of mica in a solution in xylene of a first silicone polymer (polymer A) of the kind described in U.S. Patent 2676182 and a second silicone polymer (polymer B) designed to flexibilise the coating (curing agents would be added when the material is conventionally used).
The coating material (as bought and without any curing agent) was centrifuged to separate the mica and the resulting clear solution was mixed with a silicone fluid sold by Dow Corning Limited under the designation Silicone Fluid
DC200/300,000 cs and with a filler-grade talc (-200 mesh, less than 70,um) in the ratio of three parts silicone fluid and 60 parts talc to each ten parts of total polymer A and B. The xylene was removed from the mixture by distillation at 1600C to give a putty similar in consistency and adhesiveness to conventional mineral-insulated-cable termination sealants.
A 2.5m length of a 440/600V 2-core 3mm2 copper-conductor copper-sheathed mineral insulated cable was terminated at one end with a conventional seal. An experimental termination was made by stripping back 1.2m from the other end, screwing on a conventional brass pot and filling it with the putty just described. A closure disc of hard silicone rubber was applied.
The cable was loaded at 500V d.c. and 250mA using a load resistor and a 3-phase transformer, and voltage withstand tests made at intervals by applying 2kV A.C. for 1 minute.
No significant change in electrical properties were detected on heating the experimental termination (without any gland or other protection) in a furnace at 920"C for 30 minutes. On inspection after cooling it was found that the brass pot had melted but the putty had been converted to a ceramic body with sufficient cohesion to prevent the melted brass from shorting across the conductors. (no impact was applied during this test).
Example 2
In a fully-synthesised example, 15.69 of tetraethoxy silane and 13.39 of trimethyl ethoxy silane were dissolved in a mixture of 40 ml ethanol (industrial methylated spirit, 'denatured' by addition of small amounts of methanol), 10 ml water and 0.4 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid. The solution was refluxed for 8 hours and the solvents removed by evaporating under atmospheric pressure at 100 C. A polymeric silicone condensate was obtained as a viscous liquid.
This was mixed with china clay powder (Grade E, from ECC International Limited, predried at 200"C for 3 hours) in the proportion 5 parts of the product, 8 parts of china clay to produce a putty substantially equivalent to the one prepared and used in Example 1.
Examples 3-6
In each of these examples, 100 parts of
Dow Corning silicone adhesive 280A (55 parts solids) was mixed with 27.5 parts Dow Corning slicone fluid 200/60,000 cS and with fillers as follows (all predried at 200"C for 3 hours):
Example 3: 132 parts china clay powder, grade E;
Example 4: 82.5 parts china clay powder, grade E and 165 parts magnesium oxide (grade HMD5 fron Steetley Refractories Limited);
Example 5: 74.5 parts of calcined clay (sold under the Trade Mark Polestar 501 by ECC
International Limited) and 149 parts of magnesium oxide, grade HMD5
Example 6: 66 parts of calcined clay (Polestar 51) and 132 parts of silica flour (grade 35/200S from Richard Baker Harrison Limited).
Solvent was evaporated at 1 500C to give in each case soft, sticky mastic putties. They were packed into standard mineral-insulated cable terminations, and each passed the water ingress test of British Standard BS 6081.
The terminations made with the putty of
Example 4 passed the fire test according to
IEC Specification 331 (3 hours at 750"C in a gas flame, carrying rated voltage while fused at 3A) and also withstood 15 minutes at 850"C in a tube furnace. In all of these examples, the mastic putty was converted, on application of a flame, to a ceramic body sufficiently coherent to avoid conductor-to-conductor short circuits (but not to maintain water resistance).
It is our present view that a putty somewhat higher in silicone fluid content than these examples will be optimum for use in the preassembled termination described in our earlier
British application No. 8518008.
Claims (9)
1. A mineral-insulated cable termination including a sealing pot secured to the cut-back end of the cable sheath and enclosing the whole of the mineral-insulation that is exposed at the cut-back end of the sheath together with an adjacent section of the, or each, exposed cable conductor and filled with a permanently-pasty and permanently-adherent sealing medium comprising a mineral filler and a fluid organic binder characterised by the fact that the sealing medium is convertible to a ceramic body on heating sufficiently to pyrolyse and/or volatilise the organic binder.
2. A termination as claimed in Claim 1 in which the mineral filler is selected from bentonite, talc, kaolin and other clays, magnesium silicate, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, glass and mixtures of these.
3. A termination as claimed in Claim 1 in which the mineral filler is mica.
4. A termination as claimed in Claim 1,
Claim 2 or Claim 3 in which the binder is a non-carbonisable silicone having a structural framework consisting essentially of silicon and oxygen atoms only with carbon-based sidechains all attached via side-chain silicon atoms.
5. A termination as claimed in Claim 4 in which the binder also includes a silicone fluid.
6. A mineral insulated cable termination substantially as described with reference to
Example 1.
7. A mineral insulated cable termination filled with a putty substantially as described with reference to Example 2.
8. A mineral insulated cable termination filled with a putty substantially as described with reference to Example 3, Example 5 or
Example 6.
9. A mineral insulated cable termination substantially as described with reference to
Example 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08618416A GB2178606B (en) | 1985-08-01 | 1986-07-29 | Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB858519358A GB8519358D0 (en) | 1985-08-01 | 1985-08-01 | Terminations for electrical cables |
| GB858519748A GB8519748D0 (en) | 1985-08-06 | 1985-08-06 | Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables |
| GB08618416A GB2178606B (en) | 1985-08-01 | 1986-07-29 | Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8618416D0 GB8618416D0 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| GB2178606A true GB2178606A (en) | 1987-02-11 |
| GB2178606B GB2178606B (en) | 1989-01-18 |
Family
ID=27262747
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08618416A Expired GB2178606B (en) | 1985-08-01 | 1986-07-29 | Terminations for mineral insulated electric cables |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2178606B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0481624A1 (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1992-04-22 | Associated Electrical Industries Limited | A sealing composition and a mineral insulated electric cable termination employing such composition |
| EP0487461A3 (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-12-02 | Italco S.P.A. | Modular insulating terminal for electric cables |
| US5917150A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1999-06-29 | Corning Incorporated | Mineral-insulated cable terminations |
| US6759592B1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-07-06 | Tyco Thermal Control Uk Limited | Kaolin additive in mineral insulated metal sheathed cables |
| US7121722B2 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2006-10-17 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Temperature sensor |
-
1986
- 1986-07-29 GB GB08618416A patent/GB2178606B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0481624A1 (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1992-04-22 | Associated Electrical Industries Limited | A sealing composition and a mineral insulated electric cable termination employing such composition |
| US5221709A (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1993-06-22 | Associated Electrical Industries Limited | Sealing composition and a mineral insulated electric cable termination employing such composition |
| EP0487461A3 (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-12-02 | Italco S.P.A. | Modular insulating terminal for electric cables |
| US5917150A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1999-06-29 | Corning Incorporated | Mineral-insulated cable terminations |
| US6759592B1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2004-07-06 | Tyco Thermal Control Uk Limited | Kaolin additive in mineral insulated metal sheathed cables |
| US7121722B2 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2006-10-17 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Temperature sensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8618416D0 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| GB2178606B (en) | 1989-01-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20060728 |