GB2185336A - Methods and apparatus for producing anaglyphs - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for producing anaglyphs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2185336A GB2185336A GB08629296A GB8629296A GB2185336A GB 2185336 A GB2185336 A GB 2185336A GB 08629296 A GB08629296 A GB 08629296A GB 8629296 A GB8629296 A GB 8629296A GB 2185336 A GB2185336 A GB 2185336A
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- images
- anaglyph
- stereo pair
- pair
- scene
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009991 pite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000293655 pite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
Abstract
In the field of anaglyphs, which are two-dimensional images produced to appear as three-dimensional images when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means, the reproduction of such anaglyphs normally entails printing on separate occasions two of a stereo pair of images in combination to result in a single anaglyph. The present invention discloses improvements in the quality of the two-dimensional image by using to form the anaglyph a stereo pair of images (20, 22) taken from two separate camera view-points (12, 14, Figure 1 not shown) having at least a portion of the original scene to be depicted in register as part of the anaglyph; and by using a pair colour filters (24, 26), one (24) of which passes a primary colour and the other (26) of which passes its complementary colour, accurate reproduction of the colours of the original scene being possible. The invention also discloses reproduction of the anglyph as a single image. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Methods and apparatus for producing anaglyphs
This invention relates to two-dimensional anaglyphs to appear as three-dimensional images when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means.
An anaglyph is a stereoscopic picture comprising two images of a scene, each image having been recorded from a point horizontally displaced from the other and being colorifically encoded differently from the other. When viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means which colorifically decode each image with respect to one or other of an observer's eyes, the anaglyph simulates the horizontal displacement from one another of the eyes of an observer if he were directly viewing the scene in situ and hence the anaglyph appearsasathree- dimensional image.Such anaglyphs are well known yet normally suffer a number of disadvantages which detractfrom the quality ofthe image when viewed either without stereoscopic anaglyph view- ing means as a two-dimensional image; orthrough stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means as a threedimensional image.
Anaglyphs may be viewed asthree-dimensional images by allowing each of an observers eyes to view a different image of a scene, the images photographed from points displaced horizontally from one another by a distance corresponding to that horizontally separating the eyes in an observer's head.
Such an arrangement simulates in the anaglyph the effective stereo base of a pair of human eyes yet in previous anaglyphs has suffered the disadvantage that the reproduction ofthetwo images required in the anaglyph is such that they are distinctly horizontally offset from one another so that the scene depicted in theanaglyph is not readily recognisablewhen viewed without stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means.
In the case of anaglyphs to be viewed as coloured three-dimensional images it is usual for each image of the stereo pair of imagesto have been colorifically encoded differently from the other such thatthe stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means decodes each image ofthe stereo pair of images to allow viewing of each by differing eyes of an observer. However it is a disadvantage ofthe methods of colorificallyen- coding and decoding the stereo pair of images that the colours of the scene to be depicted in the ana glyph are not accurately reproduced therein.
The reproduction of previous anaglyphs has involved separate reproductions of each image of the stereo pair,theimages being combinedatafinal stage as the anag lyph. Such a method suffers the disadvantagethat an anaglyph requires a minimum of two print runs if, for instance, being reproduced as a magazine or newspaper page.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of producing a two-dimensional anaglyph of a scene to appear as a three-dimensional image when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means comprising the steps of: producing a stereo pair of images of the scene from horizontally displaced positions; aligning the stereo pair of photographic images to providefortheirreproduc- tion as a combined single anaglyph having at least a part of each of the separate images of the stereo pair which may be in register in the combined anaglyph and including a pair of colourfilters respectively dis- posed between each image of the stereo pair and the combined single anaglyph to be created, such that oneofthecolourfilterspassesa primarycolourand the othercolourfilter passes the colourcom plementarytosaid primary colour, said complementary colour comprising those two primary colours not passed by said first mentioned colourfilter, the filters being suchthatthecolours oftheorig- inal scene, including white, are reproduced on the combining of the outputs ofthe respective filters on said combined single anaglyph; and rephotographing said pair of images to produce said combined single anaglyph. Such a method produces two-dimensional anaglyphs which may be reproduced from a single master copy and without recourse to the printing of each image of the stereo pairseparately, and which, due to the alignment between the two images of the stereo pair, and the accurate reproduction ofthe colours of the scene depicted, is identifiable as the scene depicted even when viewed as a two-dimensional anaglyph, i.e. without the stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means. Preferably the photographing of the stereo pair of images is effected simultaneously, this method being particularly advantageous when the scene to be depicted in the anaglyph is liable to move.It is also preferable that the degree of horizontal displacement of the points from which the stereo pair of images is photographed is adjustable, this method being of advantags when it is required to enhance or diminish the degree of anaglyphic effect in the anaglyph as compared with that corresponding to the scene to be depicted.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method wherein the alignment of the stereo pair of images comprises projec tionofeachofthestereo pair of images onto a plane surface and adjustment of the position of at least one of the projected images on said plane surface. Prefer ably the part of each of the separate images ofthe stereo pair of images which may be in register in the combined single anaglyph comprises at least one feature of the scene photographed by which said scene may be identified.The present invention also discloses a method wherein each image of the stereo pair is projected onto the plane surface at a different time, alignment ofthe stereo pair of images comprising marking on said plane surface the positions of selected portions of the first ofthe images to be thus projected; comparing the resulting markings with corresponding positions on said plane surface of said selected portions of the second ofthe images to be thus projected; and moving the second of the images to be projected until said portions are in alignmentwith said markings.
The accurate reproduction of the colours ofthe scene to be depicted in the anaglyph may, in accordance with the present invention, be effected by a method wherein the relative proportions of the primary colours to be passed by each of the two colour filters are determined by combining of the outputs of the respective colourfilters to produce a white hue identical to that applied as inputs to the filters during the determination of said relative proportions of said primary colours. Preferably one colour filter of the pair passes a range of lightwavelengths centred on that of a red hue and the other passes both a range of light wavelengths centred on thatofa blue hue and a range of lightwavelengths centred on that a green hue.
The re-photographed, combined, single anaglyph may, in accordance with the present invention, be produced in a number of forms, for instance those of a photographic print, a film slide, a lithograph plate orthe like and may be viewed as athree-dimensional imagethrough stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means comprising a pair of dissimilar anaglyph colourfilters each to be associated with the viewing of, by one of an observer's eyes, one of the stereo pair ofimages contained in the combined single image.
Furthermore the present invention includes within its scope apparatus for producing a two-dimensional anaglyph to appear as a three-dimensional image and comprising: stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means; means of photographing from horizontally displaced points a stereo pair of images of a scene; means of aligning said stereo pair of images to be re-photographed onto a combined single anaglyph having at least a part of each of the separate images ofthe stereo pair in register in the combined anaglyph and including a pair of colourfilters re spectively disposed between each image ofthe stereo pairandthe combined single imageto be created, such that one ofthe colourfilters passes a primarycolour,andthe other colourfilter passes the colourcomplementarytosaid primary colour, said complementary colour comprising those two primary colours not passed by said first mentioned colour filter, the filters being such that the colours of the original scene, including white, are reproduced on the combining of the outputs ofthe respectivefilters on said combined single anaglyph; and means of photographing said pair of images to produce said combined single anaglyph. The photographing of the stereo pair of images is preferably effected using apparatus comprising means for photographing simultaneously from points horizontally displaced from one another a stereo pair of images of a scene to be depicted in a two-dimensional anaglyph and/or apparatus comprising means of photographing from horizontally displaced points a stereo pair of images of a scene, wherein the distance by which said points are displaced is adjustable.
When avert small stereo base is required, such as for close-up photography, the present invention discloses apparatus comprising a pair of substantially semi-circular or "D" shaped lenses disposed adjacent one another such that the horizontal distance separating the lens centres is less than when comparable circular lenses are disposed adjacent one another.
However, the alignment of the stereo pair of images is preferably effected, in accordance with the present invention, using apparatus comprising means of aligning a stereo pair of images of a scene, wherein said means comprises a plane surface onto which said stereo pair of images may be projected in order that the position on said plane surface of at least one of said projected images may be adjusted and/orwherein the plane surface comprises at least a portion thereof permitting the passage of light.
Thefollowing is a description, byway of example, of a specific embodiment of the various aspects of the present invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure lisa schematic representation of apparatus according to the invention for producing a stereo pair of images of a scene.
Figure2 is a schematic representation of apparatus according to the invention for the production of a two-dimensional anaglyphtoappearasathree- dimensional image when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means.
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an apparatus according to the invention for aligning the stereo pairofimagespriortocombiningthem asa single anaglyph.
Figures 4and 5 are schematic summary views of the combining ofthe stereo pair of images as a single two colour anaglyph to appear as a threedimensional image when viewed through stereos copic anaglyph viewing means.
Referring to Figure 1, a scene 10 to be reproduced as a two-dimensional anaglyph is photographed in full colour bya pair of cameras 12,14. The cameras are displaced horizontallyfrom one another by a distance,A,which is known as the stereo baseofthe cameras and normally corresponds to the distance horizontally separating the eyes in a typical human head. The cameras 12, 14 are mounted on a mounting 16which comprises clamping means (not shown) bythe slackening of which adjustment of the stereo base, A, may be effected.Slackening of the clamping means also permits rotation of either camera 12, 14in a horizontal planeto altertheangles a, shown in Figure 1 theseanglesdenotingtheori- entation ofthe axes ofthe light paths of the cameras 12,14 relative to the stereo base A, and bythistechnique the two cameras 12,14 may both photograph the same point in a scene 10, from points separated by the stereo base A, no matter how distantthe point may be from the axis of the mounting.
Using the apparatus of Figure 1 may be recorded a stereo pair of images which if superimposed one overthe other and such that both are visible to an observer (for example if the stereo pair of images was in the form of a pair of transparencies) the stereo pair wound constitute a two-dimensional anaglyph by virtue of the stereo base A of the cameras 12, 14 simulating the separation of a pair of human eyes and the angles a, (3simulating the relative orientations of a pair of human eyes when viewing a pointin a scene.
Figure 1 also shows apparatus forthe recording of a stereo pair of images of a scene from points hori zontally displaced bya stereo base A', the recording of both images ofthe stereo pairtaking place on the samefullcolourphotographicfilm 17andinthe same camera 18) (shown by dotted lines in Figure 1).
The use ofthe apparatus of Figure 1 in this way necessitates separate photographing of each image of thestereopairontothephotographicfilm 17 of camera 18, camera 18 being moved and rotated app ropriately on the mounting 16 after the recording of the first image of the stereo pair in order correctly to align the stereo pair of images onto the photographic film 17 and in order to recreate the stereo base A', which is adjustable, in the resulting anag lyph. It should be noted thatforthe anaglyph thus produced to be apparent as a three-dimensional image when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means each image ofthe stereo pair must be colorifically encoded differently from the other prior to recording on the photographicfilm 17.
The two cameras 12, 14of Figure 1 may be arranged simultaneously to photograph the stereo pair of images by use of means (not shown) such as electric timing and firing circuits, mechanical cable shutter releases and the like.
Referring to Figure 2, a stereo pair of images 20,22 may be combined as a single, two-dimensional anaglyph to be viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means (not shown) as a three-dimensional image by projection of each image 20,22 ofthe stereo pair respectively through a pair of colourfilters 24,26, and a lens system 25. Filter 24 is such that it passes a range of light wavelengths centred on that of a red hue; while filter 26 is such that it passes, in addition to a range of light wavelengths centred on that of that of a green hue, a range of lightwavelengths centred on that of a blue hue. Colour filters 24,26 are such that their outputs, when combined for instanceasinthesingletwo-dimensional anaglyph, comprise a full range of colours since in combination they pass all three primary colours.By carefully selecting the light wavelengths which each of the fil ters 24,26 may pass it is possible accurately re- create, on combining of the outputs of the two filters 24,26 afull range of colours ifsimultaneouslyapp- lied as inputs to both filters 24,26. By this technique it is possible colorifically to encode differently from one anotherthe images ofthe stereo pair 20,22 but as shown in Figure 2 the two images of the stereo pair 20,22 are projected onto a plane surface 28 such that at least a portion of the scene recorded as the stereo pairof images may be in register on the plane surface 28.
Since when the outputs of the colourfilters 24,26 are combined it is possible to re-create accurately a full range ofcolours ifsimultaneously applied as inputs to both filters 24,26 and since each image ofthe stereo pair20,22isinfull colour,thecombined image projected onto the plane surface 28 will comprise substantial portions which accurately repro ducethe colours ofthe original scene 10 in Figure 1.
Moreover since at least a portion of the stereo pair of images may be in register on the plane surface 28, and there is accurate reproduction of the colours of the original scene 10 in Figure 1, the combined single image projected ontothe plane surface 28will, des- pite its being intended to be viewed as a threedimensional image, be easily recognisable as a twodimensional image when viewed without stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means.
The plane surface 28 comprises colour photo graphicfilm30fortherecording ofthecombined single image as a two-dimensional anaglyph to appear as a three-dimensional image when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means.
Lens system 25, plane surface 28 and photographicfilm 30 may be containedwithin apparatus 32 of Figure 3.
Referring to Figure 3 there is shown an apparatus 32 in which alignment ofthe stereo pair 20,22 ofim- ages may be effected prior to recording of the stereo pair as a combined single anaglyph on the colour photographic fii m 30 of Figure 2. The images 20,22 are projected via a lens system 29 onto a ground glass screen 34 and viewed from a point disposed on the opposite side ofthe screen 34 from the stereo pair of images. Means (not shown) of adjusting the position of at least one of the images 20,22 on the ground glass screen are employed until certain key features of the scene 10, and by which the scene 10 may be recognised, are in register. The ground glass screen 34 is then replaced with or augmented by the colour photographicfilm 30 ontowhich thefull colour, substantially aligned two-dimensional anaglyph may be exposed.
Referring to Figure 4 and 5 there is shown a schematic summary ofthe production of a twodimensional anaglyph. The images 40,42 of Figure4 represent respectively the left hand and right hand images of the stereo pair of images of the scene, each image 40,42 being colorifically encoded differentlyfrom the other. The image 44of Figure 5 is a schematic representation ofthe combined, single anaglyph, comprising the images 40,42 of Figure 4 superimposed in substantiallyfull colour in the areas of overlap between the two images, and with a portion 46 ofthe scene depicted in register with respect to the two images 40,42. In the example of Figure 5 the portion 46 ofthetwo images in register comprises a foreground object but the portion in register in the single two-dimensional anaglyph need not necessarily be a foreground object nor need it necessarily comprise a single object of the scene to be depicted in the anaglyph.
Claims (18)
1. A method of producing a two-dimensional anaglyph of a scene to appear as a three-dimensional image when viewed through stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means comprising the steps of: producing a stereo pair of images of the scene from horizontally displaced positions; aligning the stereo pair of photographic images to provide fortheir reproduction as a combined single anag lyph having at least a part of each of the separate images ofthe stereo pair which may be in register in the combined anaglyph and including a pair of colour filters respectively disposed between each image of the stereo pair and the combined single anaglyph to be created, such that oneofthecolourfilterspassesa primarycolour,and the other colourfilter passes the colour com plementaryto said primary colour, said complementary colour comprising those two primary colours not passed by said first mentioned colourfil ter,thefilters being such that the colours of the original scene, including white, are reproduced on the combining ofthe outputs of the respective filters in said combined single anag Iyph; and red photographing said pair of images to produce said combined single anaglyph.
2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the photographing of the stereo pair of images is effected simultaneously.
3. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the degree of horizontal displacement of the position from which the stereo pair of images is photographed is adjustable.
4. A method according to Claims 1 to 3 wherein the alignment of the stereo pair of images comprises projection of each of the stereo pair of images onto a plane surface and adjustment of the position of at least one ofthe projected images on said plane surface.
5. A method according to Claim 4 wherein each image of the stereo pair is projected onto the plane surface at a different time, alignment of said stereo pairofimages comprising marking on said plane surface the positions of selected portions ofthefirst of the images to be thus projected; comparing the resulting markings with corresponding positions on said planesurface of said selected portions ofthe second of the images to be thus projected; and moving the second of the images to be projected until said portions are in alignment with said markings.
6. A method according to Claims 1 to 5 wherein the part of each of the separate images of the stereo pair of images in register in the combined single anaglyph comprises at least one feature of the scene photographed by which said scene may be identified.
7. A method according to Claims 1 to 6 wherein the relative proportions ofthe primary colours to be passed by each ofthetwo colourfilters are determined by combining ofthe outputs of the respective colourfilters to produce a white hue identical to that applied as inputs two the filters during the determination of said relative proportions of said primary col- ours.
8. A method according to Claims 1 to 7 wherein one colour filter of the pair passes a range of light wavelengths centred on that of a red hue and the other passes both a range of light wavelengths cen- tredonthatofa blue hue and a rangeoflightwave- lengths centred on that of a green hue.
9. A method according to Claims 1 to 6wherein the re-photographed, combined single image may be intheform of a photographic print, afilm slide,a lithographic plate orthe like.
10. Amethod according to Claim 1 whereinthe stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means comprise a pair of dissimilar anaglyph colourfilters each to be associated with the viewing of, by one of an observers eyes, one of the stereo pair of images contained in the combined single image.
11. Apparatus for producing a two-dimensional anaglyph to appear as a three-dimensional image and comprising: stereoscopic anaglyph viewing means; means of photographing from horizontally displaced points a stereo pair of images of a scene; means of aligning said stereo pair of images to be re-photographed onto a combined single anaglyph having at least a part of each of the separate images of the stereo pair in register in the combined anaglyph and including a pair of colourfilters respectively disposed between each image of the stereo pair and the combined single image to be created, such that one ofthe colourfilters passes a primary colour and the other colour filter passes the colour complementary to said primary colour, said complementary colour comprising those primary colours not passed by said first mentioned colourfil ter, the filters being such that the colours of the orig- inal scene, including white, are reproduced on the combining of the outputs of the respective filters on said combined single anaglyph; and means of photographing said pair of images to produce said combined single anaglyph.
12. Apparatus according to Claim 11 comprising means for photographing simultaneously from points horizontally displaced from one another a stereo pair of images of a scene to be depicted in a two-dimensionai anaglyph.
13. Apparatus according to Claim 11 or Claim 12 comprising means of photographing from horizontally displaced points a stereo pair of images of a scene, wherein the distance by which said points are displaced is adjustable.
14. Apparatus according to Claim 13 comprising a pair of su bstantial Iy semi-circular or " D" shaped lenses disposed adjacent one another such thatthe horizontal distance separating the lens centres may be less than when comparable circular lenses are disposed adjacent one another.
15. Apparatus accordingto Claim 10comprising means of aligning a stereo pair of images of a scene, wherein said means comprises a plane surface onto which said stereo pair of images may be projected in orderthatthe position on said plane surface of at least one of said projected images may be adjusted.
16. Apparatus according to Claim 13wherein the plane surface comprises at least a portion thereof permitting the passage of light.
17. A method substantially as herein described an with reference to the accompanying drawings.
18. Apparatus substantially as herein described and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB858530049A GB8530049D0 (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | True colour anaglyphs |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8629296D0 GB8629296D0 (en) | 1987-01-14 |
| GB2185336A true GB2185336A (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| GB2185336B GB2185336B (en) | 1989-10-18 |
Family
ID=10589332
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB858530049A Pending GB8530049D0 (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | True colour anaglyphs |
| GB8629296A Expired GB2185336B (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1986-12-08 | Methods and apparatus for producing anaglyphs |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB858530049A Pending GB8530049D0 (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | True colour anaglyphs |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8530049D0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2203858A (en) * | 1987-04-25 | 1988-10-26 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Filter system countering laser dazzle |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB634890A (en) * | 1947-10-02 | 1950-03-29 | Leslie Peter Clarence Jack Dud | Improvements in or relating to stereoscopic photography and kinematography |
| GB660994A (en) * | 1948-04-29 | 1951-11-14 | Imrie | Improvements in or relating to stereoscopic reproduction |
| GB777258A (en) * | 1954-06-18 | 1957-06-19 | Stephen Evdokimovich Garutso | Improvements in or relating to providing an appearance of stereoscopic relief in images produced photographically |
-
1985
- 1985-12-06 GB GB858530049A patent/GB8530049D0/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-12-08 GB GB8629296A patent/GB2185336B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB634890A (en) * | 1947-10-02 | 1950-03-29 | Leslie Peter Clarence Jack Dud | Improvements in or relating to stereoscopic photography and kinematography |
| GB660994A (en) * | 1948-04-29 | 1951-11-14 | Imrie | Improvements in or relating to stereoscopic reproduction |
| GB777258A (en) * | 1954-06-18 | 1957-06-19 | Stephen Evdokimovich Garutso | Improvements in or relating to providing an appearance of stereoscopic relief in images produced photographically |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2203858A (en) * | 1987-04-25 | 1988-10-26 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Filter system countering laser dazzle |
| GB2203858B (en) * | 1987-04-25 | 1990-12-19 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Optical apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8629296D0 (en) | 1987-01-14 |
| GB8530049D0 (en) | 1986-01-15 |
| GB2185336B (en) | 1989-10-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |