GB2185674A - Sweetening composition for farm animal rearing - Google Patents
Sweetening composition for farm animal rearing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2185674A GB2185674A GB08701461A GB8701461A GB2185674A GB 2185674 A GB2185674 A GB 2185674A GB 08701461 A GB08701461 A GB 08701461A GB 8701461 A GB8701461 A GB 8701461A GB 2185674 A GB2185674 A GB 2185674A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- thaumatin
- ratio
- saccharin
- sweetener
- high intensity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 235000010436 thaumatin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000892 thaumatin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000008123 high-intensity sweetener Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013615 non-nutritive sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UDIPTWFVPPPURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cyclamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 UDIPTWFVPPPURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UEDUENGHJMELGK-HYDKPPNVSA-N Stevioside Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UEDUENGHJMELGK-HYDKPPNVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940013618 stevioside Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N stevioside Natural products CC1(CCCC2(C)C3(C)CCC4(CC3(CCC12C)CC4=C)OC5OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C5OC6OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C6O)C(=O)OC7OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C7O OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019202 steviosides Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000625 cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229960001462 sodium cyclamate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 acesulpham-K Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940109275 cyclamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010358 acesulfame potassium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000619 acesulfame-K Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 13
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 102000006463 Talin Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010083809 Talin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical group CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 206010063659 Aversion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010013911 Dysgeusia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000263375 Vanilla tahitensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000017106 Bixa orellana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000260524 Chrysanthemum balsamita Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005633 Chrysanthemum balsamita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001481828 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012665 annatto Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010362 annatto Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008122 artificial sweetener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021311 artificial sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012730 carminic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019264 food flavour enhancer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020256 human milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004251 human milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051866 mouthwash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014860 sensory perception of taste Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
- A23L27/31—Artificial sweetening agents containing amino acids, nucleotides, peptides or derivatives
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
A sweetening composition for use in the rearing of farm animals, comprises a major proportion of at least one high intensity sweetener and a minor proportion of thaumatin, the ratio of high intensity sweetener to thaumatin being over 20:1 and such that when used to provide a palatable degree of sweetness in drinking water, the sweetened water will contain no more than 5 ppm of thaumatin, the high intensity sweetener providing substantially all the sweetness. The high intensity sweetener is preferably selected from saccharin, acesulpham-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones and sucralose. Use of the sweetened drinking water for animals increases their food conversion ratio.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Sweetening compositions This invention relates to novel sweetening compositions and to their useto sweeten waterforconsumption by animals. The invention also relates to a method of rearing farm animals by providing them with drinking water sweetened by addition of the novel sweetening compositions.
Water is an important constituent in the diet offarm animals such as pigs, sheep, cattle and poultry. If the animals do not drink enough waterthey tend to eat less, grow more slowly and converttheirfeed less efficiently.
Sufficientwater intake is particularly importantforthe development of young animals, especially during the weaning period when they obtain progressively less oftheirwater and nutrients from their mother's milk and need to increase their intake of drinking water. Thus, on average, suckler pigs require 0.27 litres ofwater per day, mostly from sow's milk, and piglets up to 15 keg require 1.2 litres of water per day, mostlyfrom drinking water (Source: Agricultural Research Council, Nutrient Requirement of Pigs, et al., (1971-1982).
Young farm animals are generally reported to have a keen sense of taste. Thus Engelmann (Vom geschmackssin des Huhns, Forschungen und Fortschritte 13,425-426, 1937) reported that solutions of sucrose, fructose and maltrose were clearly preferred by chickens over water; glycerine was moderately preferred and saccharin least preferred. Following this up, Jacobs and Scott (Poultry Science, 36,8-15, 1957)found that six-week old chickens could discriminate among sucrose solutions, saccharin solutions and water, preferring sucrose and avoiding saccharin.Randall and Church (Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science 384 1 973) found that alfalfa-fed lambs and calves showed a strong preference for 5% sucrose solution overtap water. Kare, Pond and Campbell (Animal Behaviour 13(2-3), 265-9,1965) found that domestic pigs showed a substantial preference for sucrose solution over water but only marginal preferences for glucose and lactose solutions. There were considerable individual variations in the response to saccharin solutions including aversion by some animals.
The recognition that young animals enjoy sweetened feeds has been commercially exploited by the addition of sweeteners to piglet feeds. If sugars, such as sucrose, are used for this purpose the anima Is tend to consume an excessive amount of carbohydrate and sometimes this has caused digestive upsets and diarrhoea. Therefore, the artificial sweetener saccharine has been used to sweeten piglet feeds. However, the use of saccharin is limited by its aftertastewhich causes aversion, particularly when it is used at concentrations necessary to provide an optimum level of sweetness, and an attempt has been made to develop a more palatable formulation of saccharin, for example by adding cane sugar and vanilla flavouring ("Flavodan
SW-1000" instant sweetener and flavouring agent, marketed by Grindsted Products Limited, Bury St.
Edmunds, Suffolk).
More recently we have reported that use ofthaumatin to sweeten piglet drinking water enhances the consumption of water ("A report on trials describing the effect on piglet performances ofthe addition of TALON to drinking water", Tate & Lyle Speciality Sweeteners, January 1986). In these trials thaumatin was used as the sole sweetener at a concentration of 12.5 ppm (parts per million) which in human taste panel tests has a sweetness equivalent to about 2% sucrose.
We have now found that the use of certain novel sweetening compositions comprising thaumatin and a high intensity sweetener such as saccharin to sweeten the drinking water can have a highly beneficial effect upon the growth of young animals. These novel sweetening compositions comprise a major amount of at least one high intensity sweetener to provide substantially all of the sweetness, and a minor amount of thaumatin which appears to enhance the palatability of the sweetener without contributing any sweetness itself. When saccharin is used as the high intensity sweetener, the ratio of saccharin to thaumatin in these novel compositions is from 50:1 to 500:1 by weight, preferably from 100:1 to 200:1 by weight. Other suitable high intensity sweeteners include acesulfame-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones and sucralose.The compositions may also contain a solid or liquid carrier such as maltodextrin, glycerol or propylene glycol,water, preservatives and colourants. Optionally a small amount of sugar, such as dextrose, may be included to improve the mouthfeel of the sweetened water.
Generally, animal drinking water sweetened by addition of the sweetening compositions of the present invention will contain from 0.2to 5 ppm thaumatin (depending on the high intensity sweetener),substantially all of the sweetness being provided by the high intensity sweetener. Thaumatin has a sweetness threshold (i.e. sweetness barely detectable) in water of about 5 ppm in human taste panel tests.
Thus, according to the present invention there are provided sweetening compositions for use in the rearing of farm animals comprising a major proportion of at least one high intensity sweetener such as saccharin, acesulfame-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones, sucralose, and a minor proportion of thaumatin, the ratio of high intensity sweetenerto thaumatin by weight being such that over 20:1 and when used to provide a palatable degree of sweetness in drinking water, the sweetened water will contain no more than 5ppm ofthaumatin, the high intensity sweetener providing substantially all of the sweetness.
Sweetening compositions comprising thaumatin and saccharin orthaumatin and cyclamate are described in our British Patent Specification No 1,523,931 (US Patent No 4,122,205) but these sweetening compositions always contain at least one taste modifier and the ratios of saccharin to thaumatin or cyclamate tothaumatin are such thatthaumatin always provides a significant proportion, usually about half, of the sweetness.
Sweetening compositions in the form of tablets comprising saccharin and thaumatin (8: 1 by weight) are described in our British PatentSpecification No 2,041,209A but again thaumatin provides a substantial proportion of the sweetness.
In such sweetening composition the unpleasant bitter aftertaste of saccharin is minimised by the lingering sweetness ofthaumatin. However, at saccharin:thaumatin ratios of about 20:1 the reduction of aftertaste is lessthan is generally required, and a ratio of 10:1 is particularly advantageous. With regard to sweetness, when a composition containing saccharin and thaumatin is dissolved in water the apparent sweetness ofthe solution is actually less than would be expected if the sweetness contributions of the two sweeteners were additive. This loss of sweetness is minimised when about half of the sweetness is contributed by each ofthe two sweeteners.
Sweetened,flavoured oral compositions such as mouthwash, toothpaste and chewing gum containing saccharin and thaumatin in ratios ranging from 100:1 to 10:1 by weight are disclosed in our British Patent
Specification No. 1,604,218 (U.S. Patent Specification No.4,412,984). These compositions always contain flavourings and the thaumatin acts as a flavour enhancer. UK PatentApplication 211 6820A of Cumberland
Packing showsthat mixtures of acesulpham-K and thaumatin, e.g. 10:1 by weight, where both compounds are present as sweeteners, need cream oftartar as a sweetness potentiator.
However it is clearly shown in the prior artthataithough thaumatin enhances flavours it can actually reduce the expected sweetness of other sweeteners (see G B 1523931 or US 4122205.
However, it has now been found that the use ofthe sweetening compositions according to the present invention to sweeten drinking watertendsto increase consumption of the drinking water by young animals and causes them to gain weight much more rapidly than animals supplied with unsweetened water orwith waterthat has been sweetened with a high intensity sweetener such as saccharin in the absence ofthaumatin. This improvement in weight gain is due to an increased consumption of feed as well as of water and an enhanced feed conversion ratio (FCR, feed consumed divided by weight gain). Exactly what effect the presence ofthe thaumatin has on the sweetened water, as perceived by the animals, is impossible to determine.
Nevertheless the effect is marked, in thatthe uptake is significantly increased.
Thus in a further embodiment of the present invention there is provided a method of sweetening animal drinking water by the addition of a sweetening composition comprising a major proportion of at least one high intensity sweetener such as saccharin, acesulfame-K, stevioside, cyclamate, dihydrochalcones, and sucralose and a minor proportion ofthaumatin, the high intensity sweetener or sweeteners providing sub stantially all of the sweetness. The invention also includes a method of rearing animals by sweetening their water with a sweetening composition according to the invention.
In general, the compositions are used to provide a degree of sweetness in the water which is sufficiently patentable to the animals to encourage drinking and, hence, weight gain. The level of sweetness can only be estimated by human taste panels and on this basis, the minimum sweetness level of use is equivalentto about 2% sucrose. A practical maximum is equivalent to about 10% sucrose, and certainly there is no additional benefit two offset increased cost over an equivalent of 15% sucrose. The amount ofthaumatin needed in the water tends to vary with the high intensity sweetener used. Typical figures are about 3 to 5 ppm for stevioside, 2 to 4 ppm for acesulfam-K, 0.5 to 1 ppm for saccharin, and 0.2 to 1 ppm forsucralose.
The ratio by weight of high intensity sweetener to thaumatin is advantageously from 50:1 to 500:1, prefer- ably about 100:1 to about 200:1, for saccharin; from about 30:1 to about300:1, preferably about 55:1 to about 75:1 forstevioside; and about 200:1 for sucralose.
Mixtures of sweeteners can, of course, be used as the high intensity sweetener; for example saccharin and cyclamate, e.g. at a ratio by weight of about 1:10.
In the case of saccharin/cyclamate (about 1:10), the weight ratio ofsweetenerto thaumatin isdesirably about600:1 toabout800:1.
The invention is fu rther iliustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example I
Over a period of three days, Large White Land race weaner piglets, 24 days old, were supplied with unsweetened water or with water sweetened with sodium saccharin + thaumatin (200:1), sodium saccharin, or
Flavodan SW-1000 (comprising saccharin, cane sugar and vanilla; Grindsted Products Limited, Bury St.
Edmunds, Suffolk, England),to give a sweetness equivalentto about 5% sucrose. Afterthis, all piglets were supplied with plain, unsweetened water for a further four days. Throughoutthe seven days of each trial,
Feedex "Superstarter 230" (Feedex Q Feeds Ltd, Daisy Hill, Birthwick, Hull, UK) piglet feed was provided in sufficient amounts two enable the piglets two eat as much as they wanted to. Initial and final pigletweights and quantities of feed and water consumed were measured. Two groups of 36-40 piglets were used for each trial, one being supplied with sweetened and the other witch unsweetened water during the first three days. Each sweetening composition was tested twice, on different groups of piglets.The results were summarised below:
Sweetener: nil Saccharin Saccharin Flavodan (weightsin Kg) + thaumatin SW-1000
Initial weight 5.54 5.60 5.43 5.68
Final weight 6.21 6.71 6.02 6.37
Weightgain 0.67 1.11 0.59 0.69 Weightgain (%) 12.01 19.08 10.09 12.01
Feed consumed 0.84 0.96 0.77 0.85
Food Conversion
Ratio 1.25 0.86 1.31 1.23
Water consumed, midday 776 863 620 870
Thus, drinking water sweetened with the novel saccharin + thaumatin sweetening composition was effective in increasing water and feed consumption and %weight gain, and in improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR).In contrast, drinking water sweetened with saccharin decreased water intake, feed consumption and% weight gain, and drinking water sweetened with Flavodan SW-1 000 increased water consumption, but did not increase feed consumption or% weight gain. Neither of the conventional saccharin sweetening compositions was effective in enhancing the FCR compared with the control.
Example 2 - Sweetening Composition - Liquid Formulation Ingredient Amount (Kg) Saccharin 20.0
Thaumatin 0.2
Glycerol 40.0
Dextrose 4.8
Water 35.0
100.0 Kg
(Use at 0.05%; 1 ppm thaumatin)
Example 3 - Sweetening Composition - LiquidFormulation
Ingredient Amount(KgJ Saccharin 20.0
Thaumatin 0.1 Propylene glycol 35.0
Water 44.9
100.0 Kg
(Use at 0.05%; 0.5 ppm thaumatin )
Example 4 - Sweetening Composition - Soluble Powder
Ingredient Amount (g)
Saccharin 100
Maltodextrin 395
TALIN MD90* 5
500 g
(Use at 0.05%; 0.5 ppmthaumatin) * contains 10% thaumatin and 90% maltodextrin (TALIN is a Trade Mark of Tate & Lyle Industries Limited).
Example 5- Sweetening Composition - Liquid Formulation
Ingredient Amount (Kg) Stevioside 28.5
Thaumatin 0.5
Glycerol 96.0
Water 75.0
200.0 Kg
(Use at 0.2%; Sppm thaumatin) Example 6- Sweetening Composition - Liquid Formulation
Ingredient Amount (Kg) Acesulpham-K 13.50
Thaumatin 0.15 Propylene giycol 86.35
Water 100.00
200.00 Kg
(Use at0.5%; 3.7ppm thaumatin)
Example 7- Sweetening Composition - Liquid Formulation
Ingredient Amount (Kg) Sucralose 7.000
Thaumatin 0.035
Glycerol 92.965
Water 100.000
200.00 Kg
(Use at 0.25%; 0.4ppm thaumatin)
Example 8 - Sweetening Composition - Soluble Powder
Ingredient Amount(g) Stevioside 142.5
Maltodextrin 338.0 TALIN MD90 19.5
500.0 9
(Use at 0.1%; 3.9ppm thaumatin)
Example 9 - Sweetening Composition - Soluble Powder
Ingredient Amount (g)
Acesulfame-K 150
Maltodextrin 335
TALIN MD90 15 5009
(Use at 0.1%; 0.3ppmthaumatin) Example 10 - Sweetening Composition - Soluble Powder
Ingredient Amount (g) Sucralose 30.0
Maltodextrin 468.5
TALIN MD90 1.5
500.0 g (Useat0.1%; 0.3ppmthaumatin) Example 11- Sweetening Composition - Soluble Powder
Ingredient Amount (g)
Saccharin 31.5
Cyclamate 315.0
Maltodextrin 148.5
TALIN MD90 5.0 500.0g (Use at 0.05%; 0.Sppm thaumatin)
Example 72 - "Palasweet"sweetening composition Saccharin 200.0 TALINGL95* 201.0
Propyleneglycol 2180.0
Water 2600.0
Colours (carmine and annatto) as required)
5000.0 g
(Use at 0.2%; 0.4ppm thaumatin) *Contains 5%thaumatin plus 95% glycerol by weight.
Claims (12)
1. Asweetening composition for use in the rearing offarm animals, comprising a major proportion of at least one high intensity sweetener and a minor proportion ofthaumatin, the ratio of high intensity sweetener to thaumatin being over 20:1 and such that when used to provide a palatable degree of sweetness in drinking water, the sweetened water will contain no more than 5 ppm of thaumatin, the high intensity sweetener providing substantially all the sweetness.
2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising a high intensity sweetener selected from saccharin, acesulpham-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones and sucralose.
3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the sweetener is saccharin or sucralose and is present ata ratio to thaumatin by weight offrom 50:1 to 500:1.
4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the sweetener is stevioside and acesu lfam-K and is present at a ratio by weight to thaumatin of from 30:1 to 300:1.
5. A composition according to claim 2wherein the sweetener is a combination of saccharin and cyclamate at a weight ratio of about 1:10, and is present at a weight ratio to thaumatin of 600:1 to 800:1.
6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein ratio by weight of the sweetenerto thaumatin is from 100:1 to 200:1 forsaccharin;from 75:1 to 100:1 foracesulfam-K; from about 55:1 to 75:1 forstevioside; about 200:1 for sucralose; and about 700:1 for a 1:10 mixture of saccharin and cyclamate.
7. A method of sweetening drinking waterforfarm animals comprising adding thereto a sweetening composition containing a major proportion of at least one high intensity sweetener and a minor proportion of thaumatin, the ratio of sweetener to thaumatin being over 20:1,so that the level ofthaumatin in the water is no more than 5 ppm.
8. A method according to claim 7 in which the high intensity sweetener is consisting of saccharin, acesulpham-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones or sucralose.
9. A method according to claim 7 in which the sweetener is saccharin or sucralose and is present at a ratio tothaumatin byweightoffrom 50:1 to 500:1.
10. A method according to claim 7 in which the sweetener is stevioside or acesulfam-K and is present at a ratio byweighttothaumatin of from 30:1 to 300:1.
11. A method according to claim 7 in which the sweetener is a combination of saccharin and cyclamate at aweight ratio of about 1:10, and is presentata weight ratio to thaumatin of 600:1 to 800:1.
12. A method according to claim 7 in which ratio byweight of the sweetener to thaumatin isfrom 100:1 to 200:1 for saccharin; from 75:1 to 100:1 foracesulfame-K; from 55:1 to 75:1 forstevioside; about 200:1 for sucralose; and about700:1 for a 1:10 mixture of saccharin and cyclamate.
12. A method according to claim 7 in which ratio byweight of the sweetenerto thaumatin is from 100:1 to 200:1 forsaccharin;from 75:1 to 100:1 foracesulfam-K; from 55:1 to 75:1 forstevioside; about 200:1 for sucralose; and about 700:1 for a 1:10 mixture ofsaccharin and cyclamate.
13. A method of improving the feed conversion ratio for farm animals, including providing them drinking water sweetened by adding thereto a sweetening composition containing a major proportion of at least one high intensity sweetener and a minor proportion ofthaumatin,the ratio of sweetenerto thaumatin being over 20:1,so thatthe level ofthaumatin in the water is no more than 5 ppm.
14. A method according to claim 13 applied to pigs.
Amendments to the claims have been filed, and have the following effect:
(a) Claims 2,4,6,8, 10 and 12 above have been deleted ortextually amended.
(b) New ortextually amended claims have been filed as follows:
2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising a high intensity sweetener selected from saccharin, acesulfame-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones and sucralose.
4. Acomposition according to claim 2 wherein the sweetener is stevioside and acesulfame-K and is present at a ratio byweightto thaumatin offrom 30:1 to 300:1.
6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein ratio by weight of the sweetener to thaumatin is from 100:1 to 200:1 forsaccharin; from 75:1 to 100:1 foracesulfame-K; from about 55:1 to 75:1 forstevioside; about200: for sucralose; and about700: for a 1:10 mixture of saccharin and cyclamate.
8. A method according to claim 7 in which the high intensity sweetener is consisting of saccharin, acesulfame-K, stevioside, sodium cyclamate, dihydrochalcones or sucraiose.
10. A method according to claim 7 in which the sweetener is stevioside or acesulfame-K and is present at a ratio by weight to thaumatin offrom 30:1 to 300:1.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868601594A GB8601594D0 (en) | 1986-01-23 | 1986-01-23 | Sweetening compositions |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8701461D0 GB8701461D0 (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| GB2185674A true GB2185674A (en) | 1987-07-29 |
| GB2185674B GB2185674B (en) | 1990-02-14 |
Family
ID=10591812
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868601594A Pending GB8601594D0 (en) | 1986-01-23 | 1986-01-23 | Sweetening compositions |
| GB8701461A Expired - Fee Related GB2185674B (en) | 1986-01-23 | 1987-01-23 | Sweetening compositions |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868601594A Pending GB8601594D0 (en) | 1986-01-23 | 1986-01-23 | Sweetening compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8601594D0 (en) |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0350667A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-17 | Yoshie Kurihara | Composition containing reinforcer for taste-modifier |
| EP0351566A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-24 | Yoshie Kurihara | Protein curuculin and application of the same |
| EP0351567A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-24 | Yoshie Kurihara | Method for processing taste-modifier |
| GB2200527B (en) * | 1987-01-24 | 1990-09-26 | Int Additives Ltd | Animal feedstuffs containing sweetening compositions |
| US4986991A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1991-01-22 | Wm Wrigley, Jr., Company | Chewing gum having an extended sweetness |
| EP0493919A1 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-07-08 | McNEIL-PPC, INC. | Liquid sweetener concentrate compositions |
| US5139798A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-08-18 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Polyvinyl acetate encapsulation of codried sucralose for use in chewing gum |
| EP0347832A3 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1992-10-28 | Yoshie Kurihara | Method for stabilizing taste-modifier |
| US5169657A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1992-12-08 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Polyvinyl acetate encapsulation of sucralose from solutions for use in chewing gum |
| US5169658A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1992-12-08 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Polyvinyl acetate encapsulation of crystalline sucralose for use in chewing gum |
| US5176937A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1993-01-05 | Yoshie Kurihara | Reinforcer for taste-modifier |
| US5178899A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1993-01-12 | Yoshie Kurihara | Method for processing taste-modifier |
| WO1998003082A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-29 | Pancosma Societe Anonyme Pour L'industrie Des Prod | Powdered sweetener composition for animal feed |
| NL1010135C2 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-22 | Sara Lee De Nv | Sweetener tablet. |
| CN1092933C (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 2002-10-23 | 潘柯斯玛生物化学产品工业股份有限公司 | Powdered sweetener composition for animal feed |
| EP1210880A4 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2005-03-11 | San Ei Gen Ffi Inc | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SUCRALOSE AND USE THEREOF |
| EP1623630A1 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-08 | Pancosma S.A. | Powdered sweetener for human nutrition |
| AT504489B1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-06-15 | Roth Hermann Dr | Animal food or animal food additive, comprises one or multiple conventional animal food ingredients, which are selected from cereal, cereal products, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and mineral additives |
| CN102885205A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-23 | 上海美农生物科技股份有限公司 | Production process of feed compound sweetener and related feed compound sweetener |
| WO2012153339A3 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2013-06-06 | Stevinol Ltd. | Stevia based sweetening composition |
| WO2015015209A1 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Llc | Sweetener compositions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1523931A (en) * | 1975-07-04 | 1978-09-06 | Tate & Lyle Ltd | Sweetening compositions containing prostein sweeteners |
| GB2116820A (en) * | 1982-03-16 | 1983-10-05 | Cumberland Packing Corp | Sweetener compositions |
-
1986
- 1986-01-23 GB GB868601594A patent/GB8601594D0/en active Pending
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- 1987-01-23 GB GB8701461A patent/GB2185674B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1523931A (en) * | 1975-07-04 | 1978-09-06 | Tate & Lyle Ltd | Sweetening compositions containing prostein sweeteners |
| GB2116820A (en) * | 1982-03-16 | 1983-10-05 | Cumberland Packing Corp | Sweetener compositions |
Cited By (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2200527B (en) * | 1987-01-24 | 1990-09-26 | Int Additives Ltd | Animal feedstuffs containing sweetening compositions |
| US4986991A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1991-01-22 | Wm Wrigley, Jr., Company | Chewing gum having an extended sweetness |
| US5178899A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1993-01-12 | Yoshie Kurihara | Method for processing taste-modifier |
| EP0350667A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-17 | Yoshie Kurihara | Composition containing reinforcer for taste-modifier |
| EP0351566A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-24 | Yoshie Kurihara | Protein curuculin and application of the same |
| EP0347832A3 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1992-10-28 | Yoshie Kurihara | Method for stabilizing taste-modifier |
| EP0351567A1 (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1990-01-24 | Yoshie Kurihara | Method for processing taste-modifier |
| US5176937A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1993-01-05 | Yoshie Kurihara | Reinforcer for taste-modifier |
| US5169658A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1992-12-08 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Polyvinyl acetate encapsulation of crystalline sucralose for use in chewing gum |
| US5139798A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-08-18 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Polyvinyl acetate encapsulation of codried sucralose for use in chewing gum |
| EP0493919A1 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-07-08 | McNEIL-PPC, INC. | Liquid sweetener concentrate compositions |
| GR910100491A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-11-23 | Mcneil Ppc Inc | Liquid concentrate compositions |
| JP3113026B2 (en) | 1990-12-14 | 2000-11-27 | マクニール−ピーピーシー・インコーポレーテツド | Concentrate composition |
| AU644704B2 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1993-12-16 | Tate & Lyle Technology Limited | Liquid sucralose concentrate compositions |
| US5169657A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1992-12-08 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Polyvinyl acetate encapsulation of sucralose from solutions for use in chewing gum |
| CN1092933C (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 2002-10-23 | 潘柯斯玛生物化学产品工业股份有限公司 | Powdered sweetener composition for animal feed |
| WO1998003082A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-29 | Pancosma Societe Anonyme Pour L'industrie Des Prod | Powdered sweetener composition for animal feed |
| US6251464B1 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 2001-06-26 | Pancosma Societe Anonyme Pour L'industrie Des Produits Biochimiques | Powdered sweetener composition for animal feed |
| EP0988796A1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-29 | Sara Lee/DE N.V. | Sweetening tablet |
| NL1010135C2 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-22 | Sara Lee De Nv | Sweetener tablet. |
| DE19857134C2 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2003-08-07 | Sara Lee De Nv | Sweetener composition |
| EP1210880A4 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2005-03-11 | San Ei Gen Ffi Inc | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SUCRALOSE AND USE THEREOF |
| US7229658B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2007-06-12 | San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc | Compositions containing sucralose and application thereof |
| EP1623630A1 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-08 | Pancosma S.A. | Powdered sweetener for human nutrition |
| WO2006012763A1 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-09 | Pancosma S.A. | Powder sweetener for human food |
| AT504489B1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-06-15 | Roth Hermann Dr | Animal food or animal food additive, comprises one or multiple conventional animal food ingredients, which are selected from cereal, cereal products, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and mineral additives |
| WO2008125166A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-23 | Hermann Roth | Sweetener-containing animal food and animal food additives |
| WO2012153339A3 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2013-06-06 | Stevinol Ltd. | Stevia based sweetening composition |
| US20140080923A1 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2014-03-20 | Stevinol Ltd. | Stevia based sweetening composition |
| CN102885205A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-23 | 上海美农生物科技股份有限公司 | Production process of feed compound sweetener and related feed compound sweetener |
| WO2015015209A1 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Llc | Sweetener compositions |
| AU2014298213B2 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2017-04-20 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Llc | Sweetener compositions |
| US10729632B2 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2020-08-04 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas Llc | Sweetner compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8701461D0 (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| GB8601594D0 (en) | 1986-02-26 |
| GB2185674B (en) | 1990-02-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19960123 |