JP2023121089A - Emergency evacuation shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

To protect indoor occupants from harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and safely evacuate them when a disaster such as a fire occurs indoors.SOLUTION: There is provided an emergency evacuation shelter that can be installed indoors, including a body having an indoor space capable of accommodating the indoor visitor, a door portion that is attached to be openable and closable between the interior of the body and the exterior of the body, and that seals the interior, and an intake/exhaust portion having an intake passage that connects the interior and exterior of the body and supplies the outdoor fresh air to the interior and an exhaust passage that exhausts the interior air to the outdoors.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shelter that enables emergency evacuation when a disaster such as a fire occurs indoors.

In recent years, assuming the occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, newly constructed buildings are equipped with various disaster prevention functions such as fire prevention measures and securing evacuation routes from the viewpoint of disaster prevention. On the other hand, there are many cases where sufficient fire prevention measures and evacuation routes are not taken in buildings that have been built several decades or more. It is technically difficult and costly to add new disaster prevention functions to such existing buildings, so there is a current situation where introduction is not progressing.

For example, a technique described in Patent Literature 1 is known as a technique for providing such an existing building with a disaster prevention function. According to such a structure, it is a fireproof wooden disaster prevention shelter that can be installed in an existing building, and the structure having a fireproof function can protect evacuees who have taken refuge in the shelter from fire.

JP 2019-11639 A

By the way, when an indoor fire breaks out due to an earthquake or the like, there are many fatal accidents caused by smoke (toxic gases such as carbon monoxide) generated by the fire. When such harmful gas is generated, it is necessary to quickly evacuate to the outdoors along an evacuation route, but depending on the situation, it may be difficult to use the evacuation route.

Patent Document 1 describes a configuration in which air intake and exhaust ports are provided in the shelter for ventilation. However, there was a problem that sufficient ventilation was not always possible because the area around the intake and exhaust ports was covered with smoke from the fire.

To provide an emergency evacuation shelter capable of protecting indoor residents from harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and evacuating them safely when a disaster such as a fire occurs indoors.

An emergency evacuation shelter according to one aspect of the present invention is attached between a body portion having an indoor space capable of accommodating a person staying indoors, and between the interior of the body portion and the exterior of the body portion so as to be openable and closable, a door portion that closes the interior of the room in a sealed state; an air intake passage that communicates between the interior of the main body and the exterior to supply fresh outdoor air to the interior; and an exhaust passage that discharges air from the interior to the exterior. and an air intake/exhaust part having.

In addition, an emergency evacuation shelter according to another aspect of the present invention is an evacuation shelter that can be installed indoors on the second floor or higher of a multi-story building, and has a main body that can accommodate indoor residents. a door part that is openable and closable between the interior of the main body and the exterior of the main body and closes the interior in a sealed state; and the interior of the main body and the exterior on the ground floor of the building. It has a sucking air intake and exhaust part having an air intake passage communicating with the room to supply the outdoor fresh air, and an air exhaust passage for discharging the air in the room to the outside.

According to the configuration of the present invention, the indoor resident can evacuate into the shelter closed in a sealed state, and at the same time, the air inside the shelter can be discharged to the outside and fresh air can be taken in from the outdoors. It is possible to protect residents from harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and evacuate them safely.

It is a schematic diagram showing a configuration to which the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present embodiment is applied. 1 is a front view showing an external configuration of an emergency evacuation shelter according to this embodiment; FIG. It is a front view which shows the state which opened the door part of the emergency evacuation shelter of FIG. 1 is a side view showing an external configuration of an emergency evacuation shelter according to this embodiment; FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an intake/exhaust unit that constitutes the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present embodiment; It is a block diagram showing the control system of the emergency evacuation shelter which concerns on this Embodiment.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereafter, with reference to drawings, the emergency evacuation shelter which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail.

(Configuration of emergency shelter)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration to which an emergency evacuation shelter according to this embodiment is applied. The emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present embodiment is installed on the second floor or higher of the multi-story building B. As shown in FIG. The emergency evacuation shelter 1 is equipped with an air intake/exhaust unit 30, which will be described later. ing.

The emergency evacuation shelter 1 has a function as a shelter on its installation floor, and also has an office function for performing work such as work and teleconference via Internet communication, for example, as a telework booth.

The emergency evacuation shelter 1 includes a main unit 10, a door unit 20, an intake/exhaust unit 30, a gas detection unit 40, an alarm unit 50, a communication unit 60, a door detection unit 70, a notification unit 80, and a control unit. 90.

As shown in FIG. 1, the main body 10 forms the skeleton of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 and has a vertically long rectangular parallelepiped shape. A corner portion 14 connecting the top surface portion 11 and the side surface portion 12 and the bottom surface portion 13 and the side surface portion 12 of the body portion 10 is formed in a curved surface shape. A front surface portion 15 of the main body portion 10 is formed with an opening 15a along the outline formed by the top surface portion 11, the side surface portion 12 and the bottom surface portion 13. As shown in FIG. A door portion 20 is attached to the opening 15a. A rear surface portion 16 of the body portion 10 is formed as a wall that separates the interior space 10a of the body portion 10 from the outside space. The above configuration of the body portion 10 is an example, and various shapes can be applied.

The room 10a of the main body 10 is a space for emergency evacuation of people staying indoors, and its size is appropriately determined according to the number of people expected to evacuate (the number of people that can be accommodated).

The room 10a of the main body 10 is normally used as a space for office work such as a telework booth. Therefore, in the room 10a, a furniture member 100 used for office work such as a telework booth is installed. In the configuration of this embodiment, an office space for one person is assumed, and the furniture member 100 is composed of one chair 110 and one desk 120 .

As shown in FIG. 2, the chair 110 is attached inside the bottom portion 13 of the main body portion 10 . The chair 110 has a seat portion 111 and a post 112 erected from the bottom portion 13 . The seat 111 is attached to the support 112 so as to rotate about the axis of the support 112 . In addition, the column 112 has a height adjusting function, and the position of the seat portion 111 in the height direction is adjusted according to the size of the person sitting there.

The desk 120 is attached so as to protrude from the inside of the side surface portion 12 of the main body portion 10 into the room 10a. The desk 120 is positioned so that a person sitting on the chair 110 can work properly.

The configuration of the furniture member 100 is an example, and is not limited to the above configuration. For example, the chair 110 and the desk 120 that constitute the furniture member 100 are not limited to those installed in a state explicitly attached to the main body 10 in the above-described configuration, and generally used chairs and desks can be brought into the room 10a. It may be installed. Furthermore, according to the size of the room 10a, furniture members such as a table, a sofa, and a shelf for storing disaster prevention tools may be installed. In addition, even in the case where the furniture member 100 such as the chair 110 or the desk 120 is attached to the main body 10, it is preferable to accommodate as many people as possible when using it as an emergency evacuation shelter. The configuration may be such that it can be removed as appropriate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the door portion 20 is attached to an opening 15a formed in the front portion 15a of the body portion 10. As shown in FIGS. The door portion 20 has a shape that matches the shape of the opening 15a (the contour shape formed by the inner surfaces of the top surface portion 11, the side surface portion 12, and the bottom surface portion 13). The door portion 20 is attached to one side portion 12 so as to open and close in a one-way manner.

The door portion 20 has a frame portion 21 , a glass portion 22 and an operation portion 23 . The frame portion 21 forms the outer periphery as a skeleton of the door portion 20 . The glass portion 22 is attached to the inner side of the frame portion 21 over substantially the entire surface of the door portion 20, and is made of a highly visible tempered glass or the like so that the state of the inside can be checked from the outside. The operating portion 23 is formed so as to protrude inward from a lateral position of the frame portion 21 . The operation unit 23 is for the user to open and close the door unit 20 , and the user opens and closes the door unit 20 by operating the handle unit 23 . For opening and closing the door portion 20 by the operation portion 23, various mechanisms such as a mechanical type and an electronic type can be adopted.

The above configuration of the door portion 20 is an example, and is not limited to this. Although the glass portion 22 is attached to substantially the entire surface of the door portion 20 except for the frame portion 21 in the above configuration, it may be configured such that only a portion of the door portion 20 can be visually recognized. Further, even when the glass portion 22 is attached over substantially the entire surface of the door portion 20, for example, the lower half may be made of frosted glass with low visibility and the upper half may be made of glass with high visibility. Further, the glass portion 22 may be configured to have a function of appropriately adjusting the amount of light transmitted. Moreover, the glass portion 22 is not an essential component of the door portion 20, and may not be provided when the door portion 20 that does not require visibility is employed.

When the door portion 20 is closed, the door portion 20 blocks the inside of the room 10a in a sealed state from the outside, except for the air intake/exhaust portion 30, which will be described later. In order to realize such a function, the door portion 20 has a portion in contact with the main body portion 10 (the inner surfaces of the upper surface portion 11, the side surface portion 12, and the bottom surface portion 13) in the closed state, and is provided with gas flow to the room 10a. It has a shield function to suppress the inflow. The shield function can apply various methods such as packing that are normally applied.

As shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 5, the intake/exhaust unit 30 is attached to the upper surface portion 11 of the main body 10, and communicates between the interior 10a of the main body 10 and the exterior (outside of the building). outside air is discharged to the outside and fresh outside air is sucked into the room 10a.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the intake/exhaust section 30 has an intake passage 31 , an exhaust passage 32 and a cover 33 . The air intake passage 31 communicates between the indoor space 10a of the main body 10 and the outdoor space on the ground floor of the building B to supply fresh outdoor air to the indoor space 10a. and the other end is placed outdoors B on the ground floor of the building. The air intake passage 31 is provided with an air intake fan 34 (see FIG. 6) for conveying the outdoor air into the room 10a. It is supplied to the room 10a. Note that the configuration of the intake/exhaust section 30 is an example, and any configuration can be applied as long as it has an intake passage and an exhaust passage and can convey air in each passage.

The exhaust passage 32 discharges the air in the room 10a to the outside. placed. The exhaust passage 32 is provided with an exhaust fan 35 for conveying the air in the room 10a to the outside (see FIG. 6). and discharged. In the present embodiment, the other end of the exhaust passage 32 is arranged outdoors on the ground floor of the building B, but is not limited to this, and is arranged indoors of the building B outside the main body 10. can also be applied to In the case of this configuration, the air in the room 10a is discharged to the outside of the main body 10 inside the building B. As shown in FIG.

The cover 33 is provided outside the intake passage 31 and the exhaust passage 32 over the entire length of each passage to protect the intake passage 31 and the exhaust passage 32 .

Since the other end (suction port) of the intake passage 31 constituting the intake/exhaust part 30 is arranged outdoors on the ground floor of the building, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is installed in case a fire breaks out on the lower floors. Even in a situation where smoke rises up to the floor, fresh air without the influence of smoke can be reliably supplied to the room 10a. The other end (suction port) of the air intake/exhaust part 30 may be arranged at a position close to the building, but may be arranged at a certain distance from the building in order to reduce the influence of fire such as smoke. good.

The other end (exhaust port) of the exhaust passage 32 that constitutes the intake/exhaust part 30 does not necessarily need to be arranged outdoors on the ground floor of the building, but smoke flows back through the exhaust passage 32. It is preferable that it is arranged outdoors on the ground floor of the building because there is also fear.

The operation of the intake/exhaust unit 30 is controlled by a control unit 90, which will be described later. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6 as a control system configuration diagram of an emergency evacuation shelter, an intake fan 34 and an exhaust fan 35 that constitute the intake/exhaust unit 30 are connected to a control unit 90 by wire or wirelessly. controls its operation. Note that the arrangement and configuration of the intake/exhaust unit 40 and the alarm unit 50 in the configuration diagram of FIG. 6 are changed from those in other drawings for convenience of explanation.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the gas detection unit 40 is attached above the side surface 12 of the main body 10 and detects harmful gases such as carbon monoxide indoors on the floor where the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is installed. do. A commonly used gas sensor can be applied as the gas detection unit 40 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the gas detection unit 40 is connected to the control unit 90 by wire or wirelessly, and information on detection of harmful gases by the gas detection unit 40 is transmitted to the control unit 90 .

It should be noted that the gas detection unit 40 is not limited to being attached to the side surface portion 12 of the main body portion 10 . The gas detectors 40 may be installed at positions away from the main body 10, for example, at a plurality of locations indoors on the floor where the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is installed.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , the alarm unit 50 is attached to the upper surface portion 11 of the main body 10 and issues an alarm based on detection by the gas detection unit 40 . In the present embodiment, the alarm unit 50 is composed of a revolving lamp, and visually notifies the alarm by lighting or blinking the light, and uses a speaker or other transmission means to emit an alarm sound or voice, for example, "Fire has been detected. Please evacuate.” As shown in FIG. 6 , the alarm unit 50 is connected to the control unit 90 by wire or wirelessly, and its operation is controlled by the control unit 90 .

As shown in FIG. 6, the communication unit 60 is installed in the room 10a of the main unit 10 and has a function of communicating with the outside. In this embodiment, the communication unit 60 is connected to an external disaster prevention control center C via a communication network W. As shown in FIG. The communication unit 60 is connected to the control unit 90 by wire or wirelessly, and its operation is controlled by the control unit 90 . For example, in normal times when the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is used as a telework booth, the communication unit 60 is used for general Internet services and online meetings, but in an emergency such as a fire, the control unit 90 It is used for communication with external organizations related to disaster prevention, such as the disaster prevention management center C, by operation control. The communication unit 60 is not limited to being installed inside the room 10a, but can be installed outdoors, that is, at a position away from the outer surface of the main body 10 or from the main body 10. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the door detector 70 is connected to the door 20 by wire or wirelessly, and detects whether the door 20 is opened or closed. In an emergency, it is necessary to close the door 20 and seal the room 10a to prevent harmful gases such as carbon monoxide from entering the room 10a. Therefore, the door detection unit 70 detects the open/closed state of the door unit 20, and if the door unit 20 is not properly closed, notifies the user (evacuee) of the fact and closes the door unit 20. It plays the role of encouraging them to close. Further, the door detection unit 70 is connected to the control unit 90 by wire or wirelessly, and detection information by the door detection unit 70 is transmitted to the control unit 90 .

As shown in FIG. 6, the notification unit 80 is connected to the control unit 90 by wire or wirelessly, and notifies that the door unit 20 is not closed at the normal position by the operation control by the control unit 90 . The notification by the notification unit 80 is performed by voice, display, or the like.

As shown in FIG. 6, the control unit 90 connects with the components of the emergency evacuation shelter 1, namely, the intake/exhaust control unit 40, the gas detection unit 40, the alarm unit 50, the communication unit 60, the door detection unit 70, and the notification unit 80. Alternatively, it is connected wirelessly, receives information from each component, and controls the operation of each component based on the received information. An example of processing by the control unit 90 will be described below.

The control unit 90 controls the operation of the alarm unit 50 when the gas detection unit 40 detects harmful gas such as carbon monoxide due to a fire on the floor where the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is installed. Specifically, when the control unit 90 receives detection information of harmful gas from the gas detection unit 50, the control unit 90 commands the alarm unit 50 to issue an alarm.

In this case, the control section 90 also controls the operation of the intake/exhaust section 30 . Specifically, when the control unit 90 receives the detection information of the harmful gas from the gas detection unit 50, the control unit 90 instructs the intake/exhaust unit 30 (the intake fan 34 and the exhaust fan 35) to carry air (in the intake passage 31, the outdoor supply fresh air to the room 10a from the air outlet passage 32, and discharge air from the room 10a to the outside in the exhaust passage 32).

In this case, the control section 90 also controls the operation of the communication section 60 . Specifically, when the control unit 90 receives detection information of harmful gas from the gas detection unit 50, the control unit 90 commands the communication unit 60 to execute communication with an external disaster prevention-related organization such as the disaster prevention management center C. For example, when the communication unit 60 executes communication with the disaster prevention control center C that manages the building, the person in charge of the disaster prevention control center C can confirm on which floor of the building the fire occurred. It is possible to keep in touch with the evacuees via the communication unit 60 . Also, the person in charge of the disaster prevention management center C can appropriately contact related organizations such as the fire department and the police based on the confirmed situation.

Also in this case, the control unit 90 controls the operation of the notification unit 80 based on the detection from the door detection unit 70 . Specifically, when the control unit 90 receives information from the door detection unit 70 that the door unit 20 is in a normal position (a position that seals the room 10a) and is not closed (non-blocking state), the control unit 90 notifies Executes a notification sending operation command to the unit 80 . In normal times, even if the door part 20 is not closed, the urgency is low. Therefore, the control part 90 does not execute the notification operation command to the notification part 80, or executes the notification operation command after a certain period of time such as after 5 minutes. .

The control unit 90 is not limited to the processing described above, and can execute all kinds of processing and instructions regarding the operation of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 . For example, whether the intake/exhaust unit 30, the control unit 40, the gas detection unit 40, the alarm unit 50, the communication unit 60, and the door detection unit 70, which constitute the emergency evacuation shelter 1, operate normally. In order to confirm whether or not, it is also possible to periodically execute operation confirmation processing.

According to the configuration according to the present embodiment, the room 10a of the emergency evacuation shelter 1, which is an evacuation site, can be closed from the outside, so that when a disaster such as a fire occurs indoors, Residents (evacuees) can be protected from harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and safely evacuated.

In addition, the emergency shelter 1 is provided with an intake/exhaust unit 30 that communicates the indoor 10a of the main body 10 with the outdoors, exhausts the air in the indoor 10a to the outdoors, and sucks fresh outdoor air into the indoor 10a. Therefore, fresh air can be supplied to the room 10a regardless of the location or situation of the fire, so that the safety of the evacuee can be ensured.

In addition, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is provided with a communication unit 60 that communicates with the outside. Therefore, the person in charge of the disaster prevention management center C can accurately grasp the floor situation based on the information from the evacuees via the communication unit 60, and make appropriate arrangements to ensure the safety of the evacuees. can take action.

The emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown in the above embodiments, and any configuration can be adopted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

In the above embodiment, an example of an emergency evacuation shelter that is large enough to secure a work space for one person has been described. Various widths and shapes can be applied.

Moreover, the emergency evacuation shelter may have a configuration other than that described in the above embodiment. For example, the emergency evacuation shelter may be equipped with measuring means for measuring the oxygen concentration in the room, oxygen cylinders that can be used by the evacuee, and the like.

Further, for example, a monitoring camera may be installed in the room of the main body so that the situation in the room can be checked from the outside. For example, when this camera is used as a telework booth during normal times, it is used as a function to check for fraudulent activities inside the room. , and can be configured to be used as a function to check the indoor situation from the outside.

Further, for example, an air conditioner capable of adjusting the temperature and humidity of the room may be installed in the room of the emergency evacuation shelter. This device can be configured, for example, to adjust indoor temperature and humidity, and to supply fresh air from the outside in an emergency such as a fire.

Also for example, an emergency shelter may be equipped with an external rechargeable battery system. Even if the emergency evacuation shelter itself is cut off from the outside due to a disaster such as a fire, and the intake and exhaust parts do not work, this battery device can provide emergency evacuation by supplying power to the emergency evacuation shelter. Each component of the shelter can be operated normally.

Further, for example, in the room of the emergency evacuation shelter, a transmitting/receiving device configured with a speaker and a microphone capable of transmitting/receiving voice to/from the outside may be installed. For example, when this device is used as a telework booth during normal times, it is used as a function to notify the booth user that "you have 10 minutes left to use", and in an emergency such as a fire, " It can be configured to be used as a call function capable of notifying an emergency such as "fire occurrence" and communicating with an external disaster prevention-related organization such as a disaster prevention management center.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, a gas detection unit is provided, and the control unit controls the operation of each component of the emergency evacuation shelter based on detection from the gas detection unit, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, the gas detection unit may be configured to be separately installed indoors.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, a configuration has been described in which an alarm unit is provided and the control unit controls the operation of the alarm unit based on gas detection from the gas detection unit, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the alarm unit may be configured to be separately installed indoors.

In the above embodiment, the door detection unit and the notification unit are provided, and the control unit controls the operation of the notification unit based on the detection from the door detection unit. Instead of the configuration, a configuration without these may be used.

In the above embodiment, a communication unit is provided, and the control unit controls the operation of the communication unit. However, the notification unit is not an essential configuration. and communicate with the outside using a communication terminal such as a smartphone owned by the evacuee.

Residents inside the shelter can evacuate to a shelter that is closed in a sealed state, and the air inside the shelter can be discharged and fresh air can be inhaled from the outdoors, so the residents inside the shelter can be protected from harmful gases such as carbon monoxide. can be safely evacuated from

1 Emergency evacuation shelter 10 Main unit 20 Door unit 30 Intake/exhaust unit 40 Gas detection unit 50 Alarm unit 60 Communication unit 70 Door detection unit 80 Notification unit 90 Control unit

Claims (6)

An emergency evacuation shelter that can be installed indoors,
a main body having an indoor space capable of accommodating the indoor resident;
a door part that is openable and closable between the interior of the main body and the exterior of the main body, and closes the interior of the room in a sealed state;
an air intake/exhaust unit having an air intake passage for communicating between the interior and exterior of the main body and supplying fresh outdoor air to the interior, and an exhaust passage for discharging the indoor air to the exterior;
An emergency evacuation shelter, comprising: An evacuation shelter that can be installed indoors on the second floor or higher of a multi-story building,
a main body having an indoor space capable of accommodating the indoor resident;
a door part that is openable and closable between the interior of the main body and the exterior of the main body, and closes the interior of the room in a sealed state;
A suction passage having an air intake passage that connects the interior of the main body with the exterior of the ground floor of the building to supply fresh outdoor air to the interior, and an exhaust passage that discharges the air from the interior to the exterior. an air intake/exhaust unit that
An emergency evacuation shelter, comprising: further comprising a gas detection unit that detects harmful gases such as carbon monoxide in the room;
3. The emergency evacuation shelter according to claim 1, further comprising a control section that controls the operation of the intake/exhaust section based on detection by the gas detection section. further comprising an alarm unit that issues an alarm to the person staying indoors;
4. The emergency evacuation shelter according to claim 3, wherein the control section controls the operation of the alarm section based on detection by the gas detection section. further comprising a communication unit that is installed in the main body and performs communication with the outside,
5. The control unit controls the operation of the communication unit so that the communication unit communicates with an external organization related to disaster prevention based on the detection by the gas detection unit. emergency shelter as described in . further comprising a door detection unit for detecting an open/closed state of the door, and a notification unit for notifying that the door is not closed at a normal position,
The emergency evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the control section controls the operation of the notification section based on detection by the door detection section.

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