JP2535562B2 - Grain removal rate measurement method - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a method for measuring the ratio of brown rice in the deciduous rice (mixed rice of brown rice and paddy) after having been removed by a removing mechanism. is there.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventionally, for example, when measuring the removal rate with a light transmission type sensor, while passing the slid rice along the path for removal detection, a constant intensity from the light projection part of the sensor arranged in the detection part The amount of light received by the light-receiving part is large in brown rice (hence the signal level is high), by irradiating light on the polished rice.
If the number of unpolished rice is G and the number of unhulled rice is M, by using the phenomenon that the number of unpolished rice is small (the signal level is small), the total amount (G + M) of the slid rice that passes through the detection unit is counted, and [G / ( G + M)] × 100 = X% to calculate X as a removal rate.

By the way, in order to reliably determine the magnitude of the signal level when determining whether it is unpolished rice or unhulled rice, it is necessary to allow the detection unit to pass the slid-down rice at intervals with one grain at a time.

This is because it is possible to count the total amount of slid rice to be detected by checking that there is no slid rice once in the detection unit by opening an interval for each of the slid rice that passes through the detection unit. This is because the type discrimination of brown rice or paddy can be surely executed only by comparing the signal levels of the passing grains.

However, in this way, in order to pass the slid-down rice in the detecting portion at intervals with respect to each grain, there is a problem that the structure of the detecting passage becomes extremely complicated and the detecting time becomes long.

The present invention aims to solve the above problems.

[Means for solving problems]

Therefore, the present invention irradiates light toward the sliding rice by a photoelectric sensor arranged in the passage of the sliding rice after being removed by the removing mechanism, and samples the data of the detection signal at a constant sampling rate. It is taken in every cycle, the number of brown rice and the number of paddy are counted from this data, and the result of the type determination whether it is brown rice or paddy is made by the level determination of the detection signal data. The method of measuring the removal rate is adopted.

〔Example〕

Next, an embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 shows a measuring apparatus 1 for carrying out the measuring method of the present invention.

In the case 2 with a detachable lid 2a in the measuring device 1, a hopper 3 and a passage trough 6 for guiding the slide-down rice 4 toward the photoelectric sensor 5 are provided. The upper end of the hopper 3 is connected with a supply pipe 7 that guides a part of the slid rice 4 after being removed by a removing mechanism (not shown). The velocity of the scraped rice 4 falling from the supply pipe 7 is weakened, and the scraped rice 4 is discharged from the lower end discharge port 9 of the hopper to the upper side of the passage gutter 6.

In the vicinity of the lower end of the passage gutter 6 having a substantially V-shaped or U-shaped cross section, in order to detect the scraped rice 4 discharged from the lower end of the passage gutter 6 in a substantially horizontal direction from above and below, the photoelectric sensor 5 is thrown. A mounting bracket 10 having a U-shaped cross section in which the light portion 5a and the light receiving portion 5b are vertically separated from each other is attached to the back plate 2b of the case 2.

The photoelectric sensor 5 in this embodiment is a so-called transmissive type, and the light projecting portion 5a uses a red LED (light emitting diode) close to infrared rays.

Further, the light projecting portion 5a and the light receiving portion in the photoelectric sensor 5
The vertical positional relationship with 5b may be reversed from that shown.

The passage gutter 6 is formed so that the upper end side (the entrance side into which the slid rice enters) facing the discharge port 9 of the hopper 3 is wide.
It is possible to prevent the scraped rice from scattering from the hopper 3.

Further, if a simple rice selection device for removing green rice from the scraped rice is provided in front of the supply pipe 7 (upstream side), it is possible to eliminate an error due to the mixing of green rice when measuring the removal rate described later.

In addition, the reference numeral 11 indicates the slid rice 4 discharged from the passage gutter 6.
The receiving pipe 11 is for returning the measured slid-down rice 4 to a place where it is sent to a sorting device (not shown) or the like.

Reference numeral 12 is a central control device such as a microcomputer connected to the photoelectric sensor 5 and the removal rate control device 13 in the removal mechanism, and includes timers T1 and T2, which will be described later, and an arithmetic circuit.

The features of the measuring method of the removal rate by these devices are as follows. That is, the light sensor 5 arranged in the passage of the sliding rice 4 after being removed by the removing mechanism irradiates the sliding rice 4 with light, and the data of the detection signal is counted by the timer T2. It is taken in every fixed sampling period (t2) by, and the number of unpolished rice and the number of unhulled rice are counted from this data, and according to the level judgment of the detection signal data, the kind of unhulled rice or unhulled rice is determined. , Timer
The rate of desorption is measured at regular intervals of the observation time (t1) by counting T1.

FIG. 3 shows the level V0 at the light projecting section 5a of the photoelectric sensor 5.
2 is a curve showing the level due to the difference in the types of brown rice and paddy when the light is radiated with the intensity of, and detected by the light receiving unit 5b.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the measuring method. Following the start, the timer T1 is reset in step S1 and then the timer T1 is started in step S2. This timer T1
Is a so-called symmetric object, and the sludge rice 4 is observed for a certain period of time, and the output after performing the calculation described later is released from the de-control device 13
Observation time (t1) for repeating sending to
For example, it is for determining 4 sec.).

Therefore, during the observation time ((t1), the number of slide-down rice 4 that passes through the detection section by the photoelectric sensor 5 is generally about the shape of the passage gutter 6 and the discharge amount of the slide-down rice 4 from the supply pipe 7. Although it is constant, the variation in the number of grains does not pose a problem as described below.

Next, after resetting the timer T2 in step S3, the timer T2 is started in step S4. This timer T2
The sampling cycle (t2) by is much shorter than the time required for one grain of the slid rice 4 to pass through the detection part of the photoelectric sensor 5, and the grain of the slid rice is in the normal state with its longitudinal direction moving forward and backward. 2-4 per grain when passing through the detector
15 times in the embodiment
msec. (see Fig. 3).

The setting and execution of this sampling period (t2) is executed by the central control unit 12, and the light emitting unit 5a is turned on and off.
It is not an operation.

At each sampling cycle (t2), the detection value (Qt) from the photoelectric sensor 5 is read in step S5,
In S6, it is determined whether (Qt) is less than the paddy level (Vm), and when it is less than the paddy level (Vm) (yes), the number of paddy grains is set as (M) in step S7, one by one. To count.

When the detected value (Qt) is larger than the paddy level (Vm) in step S6 (no), the detected value (Qt) is detected in step S8.
Is less than the brown rice level (Vg).

The brown rice level (Vg) is higher than the paddy level (Vm) (see Fig. 3).

When the detection value (Qt) is smaller than the brown rice level (Vg) (yes
In step s), the number of brown rice grains is counted as (G) in step S9 and counted one by one.

As can be understood from the discrimination processing in steps S6 and S8, when the detection value (Qt) detected at each sampling cycle is larger than the brown rice level (Vg), the detection unit is used for both the scraped rice (brown rice and paddy). Since it can be determined that they have not passed through, it is possible to eliminate the need for a special mechanism or device for passing the grains at an appropriate interval at the lower end of the passage gutter 6 or the detection portion, and moreover, the number of brown rice and paddy There is no error in counting the numbers.

Next, in step S10, the observation time by the timer T1 (t1 = 4
sec.) time up is discriminated, and if no, timer T2
The sampling cycle (t2 = 15msec.) Time up is determined by the above. If yes, the sampling cycle (t2
= 15 msec.), The discrimination based on the detection value (Qt) and the counting of the number of particles are repeated.

Then, in step S10, when the observation time (t1 = 4 sec.) Is determined to be up (yes), the correction calculation and the decalculation are executed in step S12, and the calculation result output of the decalculation rate is deleted in step S13. This is done for the control device.

Here, the arithmetic expression of the desorption rate of brown rice and paddy only by the number of grains is the total amount (G + M) of the slid rice that passes through the detection unit, where G is the number of brown rice and M is the number of paddy. G / (G +
M)] × 100 = X%, and X becomes the detection loss rate.

By the way, the size of the paddy in the longitudinal direction is usually longer than the size of the brown rice in that direction. For example, in Chiyonishi (name of rice variety), the grain length of the paddy is about 1.4 times that of the brown rice.

Further, as can be seen in FIG. 3, the sampling period (t2) is shorter than the time required for the paddy and brown rice to pass through the detection unit, respectively, and when detected at the longitudinal center of each grain. Since there is a large difference between the detection level of A. and the detection level when it is detected in the vicinity of the edge of the grain, Vm <Q as shown by points A1 and A2 in FIG.
When t <Vg is established, and when step S6 and step S8 are determined,
There is an error that the rice enters the brown rice level area and is discriminated as brown rice.Therefore, by selecting the sampling cycle according to the type of grain, etc. There may be an error in.

In this case, a corrective calculation is performed on the detected loss rate X to obtain a more accurate loss rate.

In order to correct the error, a correction curve is created in advance according to the type of grain to be measured, and based on the record, the central controller 12 executes the correction calculation to calculate the final loss rate Y. Of.

As an example of this correction curve, the above-mentioned Chiyonishi (name of rice variety) is shown. The straight line in FIG. 5 shows the detected loss rate X, and the one-dot chain line curve shows the actual loss rate Y0.

As an example of such a correction calculation, a case in which an appropriate model formula is expressed as a linear line according to the section of the loss rate is as follows: When the detected loss rate X <80%, 23.5 + 0.765X = Y When the detection loss rate X> 80%, 11.5 + 0.95X = Y.

A signal of this final escape rate Y may be output and compared with a set value in the escape rate control device 13, for example, and control may be performed to obtain the optimum escape rate.

The correction curve may be stored in the microcomputer as a figure, and the correction calculation may be directly executed using this figure.

[Operation and effect of the invention]

As described above, according to the present invention, the photoelectric sensor emits light toward the scraped rice to take in the data of the detection signal at every constant sampling cycle, and the number of brown rice and the number of paddy are counted from this data. At the same time, since the type of brown rice or paddy is determined by the level determination of the detection signal data, it is possible to separate and count each grain of the deciduous rice, and to determine whether it is brown rice or paddy. Compared with the case of measuring the removal rate of No. 1, it is not necessary to pass the slid rice at intervals for each grain, and the structure of the detection passage and the passage trough can be made extremely simple and the detection time can be shortened. .

Further, while counting the number of unpolished rice and the number of paddy from the data captured in each of the constant sampling period, the result of the type determination whether it is unpolished rice or paddy in the level determination of the detection signal data, By performing a correction calculation based on the difference in length between brown rice and paddy, the error when discriminating between the brown rice level and the paddy level at the time of sampling can be easily corrected, and the measurement result can approach the actual loss rate. Have.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a front view of a measuring device, Fig. 2 is a side view taken along line II-II of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a detection level by a sensor as a vertical axis and a horizontal axis as a horizontal axis. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing time, FIG. 4 is a flowchart, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a correction curve. 1 ... Measuring device, 2 ... Case, 3 ... Hopper, 4 ...
… Scraped rice, 5 …… photoelectric sensor, 6 …… passage gutter, 7 ……
Supply pipe, 8 ... Grain board, 9 ... Discharge port, 11 ... Receiving pipe, 12
...... Central control unit, 13 ...... Desorption rate control unit.

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Tetsuo Karaiwa 428 Enami, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Seirei Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-59-112845 (JP, A) JP-A-61-231441 (JP, A) JP-A-61-230047 (JP, A) JP-A-62-30941 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A photoelectric sensor provided in the passage of the falling rice after being removed by the removing mechanism irradiates the falling rice with light to detect the data of the detection signal at a constant sampling cycle. Each time, the number of brown rice and the number of paddy rice are counted from this data, and as a result of the type determination of whether the rice is brown rice or paddy in the level determination of the detection signal data, for every certain observation time period A method for measuring the loss rate of grains, which comprises measuring the loss rate. 2. The number of unpolished rice and the number of unhulled rice are counted from the data set forth in claim 1, and the type of unpolished rice or unhulled rice is discriminated by the level judgment of the detection signal data. A method for measuring the rate of grain loss, which comprises performing a correction operation on the results based on the difference in length between brown rice and paddy to measure the rate of loss at regular observation time intervals.