JP2552038B2 - Optical element - Google Patents
Optical elementInfo
- Publication number
- JP2552038B2 JP2552038B2 JP3150445A JP15044591A JP2552038B2 JP 2552038 B2 JP2552038 B2 JP 2552038B2 JP 3150445 A JP3150445 A JP 3150445A JP 15044591 A JP15044591 A JP 15044591A JP 2552038 B2 JP2552038 B2 JP 2552038B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pair
- optical element
- electrodes
- inorganic solid
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N mofebutazone Chemical group O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylazanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylphosphonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は外部電界の印加により屈
折率が変化する光学素子に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical element whose refractive index is changed by applying an external electric field.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】外部印加電界により屈折率を変化させる
方法としては、非線形光学効果を利用する先行技術があ
る。一方、イオンを高温、高電圧下で除去し、イオンの
涸渇によりガラスの物性として屈折率を低下させたり、
電界移入法によりガラス基板にドーパントを移入した
り、イオン交換により屈折率のグラジエントを持つ光学
ガラスを作製する先行技術がある。2. Description of the Related Art As a method of changing the refractive index by an externally applied electric field, there is a prior art utilizing a nonlinear optical effect. On the other hand, ions are removed at high temperature and high voltage, and the depletion of ions reduces the refractive index as a physical property of glass.
There is a prior art in which a dopant is transferred into a glass substrate by an electric field transfer method or an optical glass having a refractive index gradient is manufactured by ion exchange.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】非線形光学効果を用い
る方法は、数ＫＶという高電圧を印加する必要があり、
また、その高電界のため破壊が起こってしまう場合もあ
る。しかも、生じる屈折率変化が、あまり大きくないと
いう欠点がある。一方、イオンを注入したり除去したり
する方法により、物性の一つとしての屈折率を変えるこ
とは可能である。しかし、これはあくまでも不可逆的な
変化であり、可逆的な屈折率の制御をすることはできな
い。The method using the non-linear optical effect requires the application of a high voltage of several KV.
Further, the high electric field may cause destruction. Moreover, there is a drawback that the change in the refractive index that occurs is not so large. On the other hand, it is possible to change the refractive index as one of the physical properties by the method of implanting or removing ions. However, this is an irreversible change, and it is not possible to control the refractive index reversibly.
【０００４】そこで本発明は、屈折率を可逆的に制御で
き、また、低電圧動作が可能となる光学素子を提供する
ことを目的とする。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical element capable of reversibly controlling the refractive index and capable of low voltage operation.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る光学素子
は、透光性容器と、これに収容されたイオンを含む液体
と、液体と接触する透光性容器の内面に設けられた一対
の電極とを備え、一対の電極間に所定の電位差を与える
ことにより液体内にイオン伝導を生じさせて液体の屈折
率を可逆的に変化させるようにしたことを特徴とする。An optical element according to the present invention comprises a translucent container, a liquid containing ions contained therein, and a pair of inner surfaces of the translucent container which come into contact with the liquid. An electrode is provided, and by applying a predetermined potential difference between the pair of electrodes, ionic conduction is caused in the liquid to reversibly change the refractive index of the liquid.
【０００６】また本発明の光学素子は、上述の光学素子
の他に、透光性の無機固体と、無機固体の表面に設けら
れた一対の電極とを備え、一対の電極間に所定の電位差
を与えることにより無機固体にイオン伝導を生じさせ
て、無機固体の屈折率を可逆的に変化させるようにした
ことを特徴とする。In addition to the above-mentioned optical element, the optical element of the present invention is provided with a translucent inorganic solid and a pair of electrodes provided on the surface of the inorganic solid, and a predetermined potential difference between the pair of electrodes. Is given to cause ionic conduction in the inorganic solid to reversibly change the refractive index of the inorganic solid.
【０００７】なお、前述の無機固体は膜状に形成され、
一対の電極は、膜状の無機固体の両面にそれぞれ設けら
れて平板状をなし、両面から一対のガラス板により挟持
されているもの、あるいは前述の透光性容器は互いに近
接して平行に配線された一対のガラス板で構成され、液
体は一対のガラス板の間に一対の電極を介して挟まれて
膜状をなしているものであってもよい。The above inorganic solid is formed into a film,
A pair of electrodes are provided on both sides of a film-like inorganic solid to form a flat plate, and are sandwiched by a pair of glass plates from both sides, or the above-mentioned translucent container is wired in close proximity to each other. The liquid may be formed of a pair of glass plates, and the liquid may be sandwiched between the pair of glass plates via a pair of electrodes to form a film.
【０００８】さらに、一対の電極の少なくとも光入射側
が透光性の導電材料により形成されていることが望まし
い。Further, it is desirable that at least the light incident side of the pair of electrodes is formed of a transparent conductive material.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】本発明によれば、液体あるいは無機固体中のイ
オン伝導に基づいて屈折率が可逆的に変化され、これに
より光学素子の透過光あるいは反射光の変調が、可逆的
に制御される。According to the present invention, the refractive index is reversibly changed based on the ionic conduction in the liquid or the inorganic solid, whereby the modulation of the transmitted light or the reflected light of the optical element is reversibly controlled.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施例を
説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００１１】図１は、本発明の第１の実施例に係る光学
素子の構造を示す図である。図示されるように透光性容
器としてガラス板を用い、ガラス板３３を底面とするセ
ルの側面３１及び３２の内面には、膜状の電極２１、２
２が形成されている。このセル中には、臭化テトラブチ
ルアンモニウム１ｍｍｏｌを溶解させた、ジメチルホル
ムアミド溶液が注入されており、単一の光学素子を形成
している。なお、膜状の電極２１、２２の間には、スイ
ッチの操作によって、極性の反転した電位差Ｅが印加さ
れるようになっている。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, a glass plate is used as a translucent container, and the film-shaped electrodes 21, 2 are formed on the inner surfaces of the side surfaces 31 and 32 of the cell whose bottom surface is the glass plate 33.
2 is formed. A dimethylformamide solution in which 1 mmol of tetrabutylammonium bromide is dissolved is injected into this cell to form a single optical element. A potential difference E with the polarity reversed is applied between the film electrodes 21 and 22 by operating a switch.
【００１２】上記の光学素子において、電極２１、２２
の間に電位差Ｅを所定の極性で印加すると、液体である
イオン伝導体１に含まれるイオンが移動し、等価的に分
極が生じる。すると、電極２１、２２との間の一方の界
面でイオン伝導体１の屈折率は高くなり、他方の界面で
低くなる。このためこの界面における光の反射率や透過
率、あるいは全反射条件を切り換え得るので、光の変調
を行うことができる。この屈折率は印加電界により可逆
的に制御できるので、結果として可逆的な光変調が実現
できる。In the above optical element, the electrodes 21, 22
When the potential difference E is applied with a predetermined polarity during the period, the ions contained in the ionic conductor 1 that is a liquid move, and polarization is equivalently generated. Then, the refractive index of the ionic conductor 1 becomes high at one interface between the electrodes 21 and 22, and becomes low at the other interface. Therefore, the reflectance or transmittance of light at this interface or the total reflection condition can be switched, so that the light can be modulated. Since this refractive index can be reversibly controlled by the applied electric field, reversible light modulation can be realized as a result.
【００１３】次に、図２に基づき、上述の光学素子を用
いた場合の屈折率変化の測定例を説明する。入射光は光
源４である波長６３２．８ｎｍのＨｅ−Ｎｅレーザ装置
から発せられ、Ｐ偏光、入射角６０°でガラス板３１に
入射させる。入射後の光路としては、ＩＴＯ（インジウ
ムチンオキサイド）からなる透明電極２１とガラス板３
１の界面で反射する光路Ａ１、透明電極２１とイオン伝
導体１の界面で反射する光路Ａ２及びイオン伝導体１を
透過する光路Ａ３がある。ここで、光路Ａ１及びＡ２に
ついてはシリコンフォトダイオード５で、光路Ａ３につ
いてはシリコンフォトダイオード６でそれぞれ検出す
る。図３は、この状態で、透明電極２１、２２の間に±
１Ｖを印加した場合の反射光の測定結果を示したもので
ある。＋１Ｖの電位差を与えた場合と−１Ｖの電位差を
与えた場合ではイオン伝導体１の屈折率が１．４４２９
３から１．４４９８７に可逆的に変化し測定される反射
光の反射率に変化が生じている。この測定結果より、イ
オン伝導体１に電位差を与えることによってイオン伝導
が生じ、屈折率が可逆的に変化され、これにより反射光
の変調ができることがわかった。Next, an example of measuring the change in the refractive index when the above optical element is used will be described with reference to FIG. Incident light is emitted from a He-Ne laser device having a wavelength of 632.8 nm, which is the light source 4, and is incident on the glass plate 31 with P polarization and an incident angle of 60 °. As the optical path after incidence, the transparent electrode 21 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) and the glass plate 3
There are an optical path A1 reflected at the interface of No. 1, an optical path A2 reflected at the interface of the transparent electrode 21 and the ionic conductor 1, and an optical path A3 passing through the ionic conductor 1. Here, the silicon photodiode 5 detects the optical paths A1 and A2, and the silicon photodiode 6 detects the optical path A3. FIG. 3 shows the difference between the transparent electrodes 21 and 22 in this state.
It shows a measurement result of reflected light when 1 V is applied. The refractive index of the ionic conductor 1 is 1.4429 when a potential difference of +1 V is applied and when a potential difference of -1 V is applied.
There is a reversible change from 3 to 1.44987, and a change occurs in the reflectance of the reflected light measured. From this measurement result, it was found that by applying a potential difference to the ionic conductor 1, ionic conduction occurs and the refractive index is reversibly changed, whereby the reflected light can be modulated.
【００１４】なお、用いる溶媒としては、ジメチルホル
ムアミド以外にも、電気分解反応を起こしにくい溶媒な
ら使用が可能であり、例えば、ジメチルスルホキシド、
プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネートあるい
はアセトニトニルが挙げられる。As the solvent to be used, other than dimethylformamide, any solvent which does not easily cause an electrolysis reaction can be used. For example, dimethyl sulfoxide,
Propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate or acetonitonyl may be mentioned.
【００１５】本発明ではこの他にもイオン伝導体１の組
成は多種多様な組合わせが可能である。溶媒に溶解させ
るイオンのカチオン種としては、テトラブチルアンモニ
ウム以外にも例えばテトラフェニルアンモニウム、テト
ラブチルホスホニウム、テトラフェニルホスホニウム、
あるいは各々の相当するトリブチル体、トリフェニル
体、ジブチル体、ジフェニル体、モノブチル体、モノフ
ェニル体、あるいはリチウムカチオンもまた可能であ
る。一方、溶媒に溶解させるイオンのアニオン種として
は、臭化物アニオン以外にも塩化物アニオン、フッ化物
アニオン、ヨウ化物アニオン、あるいは、ヘキサフルオ
ロホスフェイト、テトラフルオロボレートなども可能で
ある。In the present invention, in addition to this, various combinations of the composition of the ionic conductor 1 are possible. As the cation species of the ions to be dissolved in the solvent, other than tetrabutylammonium, for example, tetraphenylammonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, tetraphenylphosphonium,
Alternatively, each corresponding tributyl, triphenyl, dibutyl, diphenyl, monobutyl, monophenyl, or lithium cation is also possible. On the other hand, as the anion species of the ions to be dissolved in the solvent, chloride anion, fluoride anion, iodide anion, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, etc. can be used in addition to the bromide anion.
【００１６】以上説明してきた光学素子には、イオン伝
導体としてイオンを含む液体を用いたが、本発明ではこ
の他にも、膜状に形成された透光性の無機固体、例えば
ナトリウムイオンを含むβ−アルミナあるいはＲｂ4 Ｃ
ｕ16Ｉ7 Ｃｌ13を用い、その両面に平板状の電極が設け
られた無機固体を一対のガラス基板で挟持した光学素子
によって、上述の実施例同様の効果を得ることができ
る。Although a liquid containing ions is used as an ionic conductor in the optical element described above, in addition to the above, a translucent inorganic solid formed into a film, such as sodium ion, is used in the present invention. Contains β-alumina or Rb 4 C
An optical element in which u 16 I 7 Cl 13 is used and an inorganic solid having flat plate electrodes provided on both surfaces thereof is sandwiched between a pair of glass substrates can achieve the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上、詳細に説明した通り本発明では、
イオン伝導に基づいて屈折率が可逆的に変化され、これ
により光学素子の透過光あるいは反射光の変調が、可逆
的に制御される。このため、屈折率を可逆的に制御で
き、また、低電圧動作が可能となる光学素子を提供する
ことができる。As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
The refractive index is reversibly changed based on ionic conduction, whereby the modulation of transmitted light or reflected light of the optical element is reversibly controlled. Therefore, it is possible to provide an optical element that can control the refractive index reversibly and can operate at a low voltage.
【図１】実施例に係る光学素子の基本構成図である。FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of an optical element according to an example.
【図２】本発明者による具体的な実験の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a specific experiment conducted by the present inventor.
【図３】実験結果の説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of experimental results.
１…イオン伝導体 ２１、２２…透明電極 ３１、３２…透光性容器側面 ４…光源 ５、６…シリコンフォトダイオード DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Ion conductor 21, 22 ... Transparent electrode 31, 32 ... Translucent container side surface 4 ... Light source 5, 6 ... Silicon photodiode
Claims (5)
を含む液体と、前記液体と接触する前記透光性容器の内
面に設けられた一対の電極とを備え、前記一対の電極間
に所定の電位差を与えることにより前記液体内にイオン
伝導を生じさせて当該液体の屈折率を可逆的に変化させ
るようにしたことを特徴とする光学素子。1. A translucent container, a liquid containing ions contained in the translucent container, and a pair of electrodes provided on the inner surface of the translucent container in contact with the liquid. An optical element, wherein ionic conduction is caused in the liquid by applying a predetermined potential difference to the liquid, and the refractive index of the liquid is reversibly changed.
面に設けられた一対の電極とを備え、前記一対の電極間
に所定の電位差を与えることにより前記無機固体にイオ
ン伝導を生じさせて、当該無機固体の屈折率を可逆的に
変化させるようにしたことを特徴とする光学素子。2. A translucent inorganic solid and a pair of electrodes provided on the surface of the inorganic solid are provided, and ion conduction is generated in the inorganic solid by applying a predetermined potential difference between the pair of electrodes. The optical element is characterized in that the refractive index of the inorganic solid is reversibly changed.
対の電極は、前記膜状の無機固体の両面にそれぞれ設け
られて平板状をなし、両面から一対のガラス板により挟
持されている請求項２記載の光学素子。3. The inorganic solid is formed in a film shape, and the pair of electrodes is provided on both surfaces of the film inorganic solid to form a flat plate shape, and is sandwiched by a pair of glass plates from both surfaces. The optical element according to claim 2.
配線された一対のガラス板で構成され、前記液体は前記
一対のガラス板の間に前記一対の電極を介して挟まれて
膜状をなしている請求項１記載の光学素子。4. The translucent container is composed of a pair of glass plates arranged in close proximity to each other and arranged in parallel, and the liquid is sandwiched between the pair of glass plates via the pair of electrodes to form a film. The optical element according to claim 1, which is not provided.
透光性の導電材料により形成されている請求項１、２、
３、または４記載の光学素子。5. The light-transmitting conductive material is formed on at least the light incident side of the pair of electrodes.
3. The optical element according to 3 or 4.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3150445A JP2552038B2 (en) | 1991-06-21 | 1991-06-21 | Optical element |
| DE69214849T DE69214849T2 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1992-01-16 | Optical device and device using it |
| EP92100666A EP0496278B1 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1992-01-16 | Optical device and apparatus using the optical device |
| US07/822,017 US5311350A (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1992-01-16 | Optical device and apparatus using the optical device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3150445A JP2552038B2 (en) | 1991-06-21 | 1991-06-21 | Optical element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05249504A JPH05249504A (en) | 1993-09-28 |
| JP2552038B2 true JP2552038B2 (en) | 1996-11-06 |
Family
ID=15497094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3150445A Expired - Fee Related JP2552038B2 (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-06-21 | Optical element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2552038B2 (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-06-21 JP JP3150445A patent/JP2552038B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05249504A (en) | 1993-09-28 |
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| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |