JP2554519B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a shield machine, and more particularly to a shield machine capable of excavating a tunnel having a large cross section and an arbitrary cross section.

"Prior Art" As a shield machine of this type, by arranging two or more cutter devices so as to partially overlap each other, a tunnel having an oval (cocoon-shaped) cross section or a dharma cross section is excavated. A so-called multi-face type has been proposed.

In such a multi-face type shield machine equipped with two or more cutter devices, it is necessary to prevent mutual interference between the cutter devices. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose the cutter devices slightly offset in the excavation direction. And the cutter device is a spoke type and they are arranged in the same plane, and the spokes are rotated in opposite directions with their phases shifted so as not to collide with each other.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in a multi-face type shield excavator in which the cutter device is arranged in a staggered manner in the excavation direction, the excavation direction may be shifted to the front side of the cutter device. There is a concern that it may exist, so it is thought that fine control is required to make it go straight.

In addition, in a multi-face type shield machine having two spoke type cutter devices arranged in the same plane, each cutter device is independently driven although it has excellent straightness. However, there is concern that it may be difficult to change or correct the excavation direction.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a more effective shield excavator capable of excavating a tunnel having a large cross section and an arbitrary cross section.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.

That is, the invention according to the first aspect is a shield machine having a spoke type cutter device, wherein the cutter device comprises a plurality of fixed length spokes to which the cutter is attached over the entire length, and expands and contracts in the radial direction. It is possible to have a plurality of telescopic spokes having a cutter attached to at least the tip part thereof, and the plurality of telescopic spokes are capable of adjusting their telescopic amounts individually. I am trying.

The invention according to a second aspect is a shield machine having a plurality of spoke type cutter devices, wherein each of the plurality of cutter devices has a plurality of fixed cutters attached to the entire length thereof. Long spokes,
It has a plurality of telescopic spokes that are expandable and contractible in the radial direction and at least the cutter is attached to the tip portion, and the plurality of telescopic spokes are capable of adjusting their expansion and contraction amounts individually, The plurality of cutter devices are individually rotatable, and the fixed-length spokes and the telescopic spokes are both arranged to rotate in the same plane, and are arranged adjacent to each other. The mutual spacing of the cutter devices is characterized in that the loci drawn by the tips of the fixed-length spokes do not overlap, and the loci drawn by the tips of the telescopic spokes in the expanded and contracted state overlap. .

[Operation] The telescopic spokes of the cutter device in the shield machine according to the first aspect of the invention are individually controlled so as to extend at a predetermined position at the same time as the rotation thereof, so that they are excavated by the fixed-length spokes. The outside of the tunnel is further excavated, which excavates a tunnel of arbitrary cross section within the stroke of the telescopic spokes.

A shield machine according to a second aspect of the present invention is provided with a plurality of the above cutter devices, and excavates a tunnel having an arbitrary cross section within the stroke range of the telescopic spokes that the cutter devices have, and By controlling the amount of expansion and contraction so that those expansion and contraction spokes do not enter the excavation area of other cutter devices,
It is possible to individually drive a plurality of cutter devices.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a cutter device A provided in a front portion of a shield machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This cutter device A is a so-called spoke type,
Three fixed length spokes 2 and three expandable spokes 3 are alternately and radially attached to a shaft 1 that is rotated by a drive source (not shown).

The fixed-length spokes 2 ... All have the same length, their base end portions are directly fixed to the shaft body 1, and a large number of cutters 4 ... Has been.

Each of the expandable spokes 3 ... Has a tubular guide member 5 whose base end is fixed to the shaft 1.
The spoke main body 7 has a base end portion inserted into the guide member 5 and a cutter 6 attached to the tip end portion, and a drive device such as a hydraulic cylinder (not shown). When the main body 7 is pushed out from the guide member 5 and drawn into the inside thereof, the main body 7 is expanded and contracted in the radial direction so that the entire length thereof can be adjusted. It is to be noted that these telescopic spokes 3 ... Have a length substantially equal to that of the fixed length spokes 2 ...

The operation of each drive device (not shown) for expanding and contracting each of the above-mentioned expandable spokes 3 is controlled by a control device (not shown).
It is configured so that each drive device is individually actuated in correspondence with the position of each telescopic spoke 3, so that each telescopic spoke 3 is controlled to automatically expand and contract at a predetermined position while rotating. As a result, a tunnel having an arbitrary cross section can be excavated as described later.

The shield machine of the first embodiment provided with the cutter device A having the above-mentioned configuration is one in which the cutter device A is rotated for excavation as in the case of the conventional shield machine, but in the shield machine, At the same time as the telescopic spokes 3 ... are rotated and telescopically extended at a predetermined position, the locus drawn by the tip is controlled so as to match the cross-sectional contour of the tunnel to be excavated, so that an arbitrary cross-section such as that shown in FIG. It can excavate a tunnel with a circular cross section.

When excavating a tunnel having an oval cross section as described above, telescopic spokes 3 are provided on both sides of the tunnel having a circular cross section (shown by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. 1) excavated in the center by the fixed length spokes 2 ... The movement of the telescopic spokes 3 in this case will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows three telescopic spokes 3 ...
One of them shows the state of expansion and contraction while rotating counterclockwise from the bottom to the top of the tunnel and excavating one side. As is clear from this figure, the expansion and contraction spokes 3 are , When it is located at the bottom, its length becomes the shortest and becomes the same length as the fixed length spoke 2. From that state, it gradually expands continuously as it rotates, and it becomes next to the side. It is controlled to perform an operation in which it is in the maximum expanded state when it is located, then gradually and continuously contracted, and is in the most contracted state when it is located in the uppermost part. Although not shown in the figure, the telescopic spokes 3 also rotate while repeatedly expanding and contracting similarly to excavate the other side portion, and the other two telescopic spokes 3 and 3 are also exactly the same. It is supposed to do the work.

The operation of the telescopic spokes 3 ... As described above is automatically performed by the control device (not shown) controlling the operation amount of each drive device (not shown) according to the position of each telescopic spoke 3. It is supposed to be carried out.

As described above, in the shield machine according to the first embodiment, the control device controls the expansion / contraction amount of each expansion / contraction spoke 3 ... Only at a predetermined amount at a predetermined position according to the sectional shape of the tunnel to be excavated. By adjusting appropriately to expand and contract, it is possible to excavate a tunnel with an oval cross section that could not be excavated with a conventional spoke type cutter device,
Further, it is possible to excavate not only an oval cross section but also a tunnel having a more complicated arbitrary cross section within the stroke range of the telescopic spokes 3.

If the excavation is carried out with the telescopic spokes 3 ... not expanded or contracted, all of the telescopic spokes 3 ... and the fixed length spokes 2 ... are formed into a circular shape as indicated by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. It is needless to say that it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a cross section, and also it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a circular cross section having a larger diameter if the excavation is performed with all the telescopic spokes 3 ...

The first embodiment of the present invention has been described above. Next, the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

Since the shield machine according to the second embodiment has two cutter devices similar to the cutter device A in the first embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are the same in the drawings. Reference numerals are given and detailed description is omitted.

The two cutter devices A, A in the shield machine according to the second embodiment are individually rotatable by different drive sources (not shown). And these two cutter devices A, A have fixed-length spokes 2, ...,
2 ... and telescopic spokes 3 ..., 3 ... are arranged so as to rotate in the same plane, and the distance between the cutter devices A, A is such that the tips of both fixed-length spokes 2 ..., 2 ... The circular trajectories drawn by (indicated by the chain double-dashed lines in Fig. 3) do not touch each other and overlap, and the circular trajectories drawn by the tips of both telescopic spokes 3 ..., 3 ... (Shown by dashed lines in FIG. 3) are set to overlap each other.

A control device (not shown) is attached to each of the cutter devices A and A, and the telescopic spokes 3 ..., 3 ... of both cutter devices A and A are exactly the same as in the first embodiment. In addition, the expansion is controlled separately by those control devices.

Since the two cutter devices A, A are arranged in such a state, the shield machine of the second embodiment has the telescopic spokes 3 ..., 3 ... of both cutter devices A, A, respectively. The two cutter devices are controlled by synchronizing them with the rotation of the robot so that they expand and contract at a predetermined position.
Mutual interference between A and A can be prevented, and therefore both cutter devices A and A can be independently driven, whereby a larger cross section than the shield machine of the first embodiment, Further, it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a more free cross section, for example, a Dharma cross section as shown in FIG.

When excavating a tunnel having a Dharma-shaped cross section as described above with the shield machine of the second embodiment, the circular cross section of the fixed length spokes 2, ... The tunnel (indicated by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 3) is expanded outward by the telescopic spokes 3 ..., 3 ... of both cutter devices A, A. Each telescopic spoke 3 ... is the fourth
As shown in the figure, the expansion and contraction amounts of the other cutter device A are controlled so as not to enter the area to be excavated.

This will be further described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 4 shows three telescopic spokes 3 of one cutter device A ...
One of them shows the state of expansion and contraction while excavating the central part of the tunnel to be finally formed by rotating counterclockwise from the upper part to the lower part. As is apparent, the telescopic spokes 3 are in the maximum stretched state when located at the upper part, but from that state, they are gradually and continuously contracted as they rotate, and they are placed next to each other. When it is positioned, it will be in the most contracted state and the length will be the same as the fixed length spoke, and then it will gradually expand continuously and will be in the most expanded state when it is located in the lower part. It is controlled by. Although not shown, the other telescopic spokes 3, 3 of the cutter device A, the telescopic spokes 3 of the other cutter device A ... Are controlled so as to perform exactly the same operation. Telescopic spokes 3 as above
The operation of ..., 3 ... is the same as in the case of the first embodiment, in that two control devices (not shown) drive each drive device (not shown) according to the position of each telescopic spoke 3. ) Is controlled automatically by controlling the amount of operation.

As described above, the shield machine according to the second embodiment is configured so that the expansion / contraction amount of each expansion / contraction spoke 3 ..., 3 ... of both cutter devices A, A depends on the shape of the tunnel to be excavated and the other cutter. By appropriately adjusting so as not to enter the excavation area of the device A, it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a free cross-sectional shape within the stroke range of the telescopic spokes 3 ... Mutual interference between both cutter devices A, A can be prevented. Therefore, in the shield machine of the second embodiment, it is possible to drive each of the cutter devices A, A independently,
Therefore, it is possible to freely stop one of the two cutter devices A and A, or to make a difference in the excavation speed of both, and as a result, it is possible to freely correct or change the excavation direction. Is something that can be done. Further, since the two cutter devices A, A are arranged so as to rotate in the same plane, the excavation direction does not shift. That is, the shield machine of the second embodiment is
All of the concerns of the conventional multi-face type shield machine have been resolved.

Although the shield machine of the second embodiment is provided with two cutter devices A, A, it is of course possible to provide a larger number of similar cutter devices, in which case a larger cross section, Moreover, it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a more complicated cross-sectional shape.

"Effects of the Invention" Since the present invention is configured as described above, the invention according to the first claim has the following effects. Since the invention has a cutter device having expandable telescopic spokes, By controlling the telescopic spokes to expand and contract according to the shape of the tunnel to be excavated, a tunnel having an arbitrary cross section can be excavated within the stroke range of the telescopic spokes.

Further, the invention according to the second aspect is provided with a plurality of the above-mentioned cutter devices, in which the distances between the adjacent cutter devices do not overlap the loci drawn by the tips of the fixed-length spokes and are extended. Since the loci drawn by the tips of the telescopic spokes in Fig. 3 are set so that they overlap, the telescopic spokes are expanded and contracted according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel to be excavated. It is possible to excavate a tunnel and prevent mutual interference of multiple cutter devices by controlling the telescopic spokes so that they do not enter the excavation area of other cutter devices, thus driving multiple cutter devices individually. Therefore, it is possible to easily correct or change the excavation direction. Further, since the cutter devices rotate in the same plane, the excavation direction does not shift.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a cutter device in a shield machine of the first embodiment, and FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the operating state of a telescopic spoke in the case of an excavator excavating the tunnel of an oval cross section. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a front view showing the schematic construction of two cutter devices in the shield machine of the second embodiment, and FIG. [Fig. 3] is a diagram for explaining an operating state of telescopic spokes when the shield machine excavates a tunnel having a Dharma section. A: Cutter device, 2 ... Fixed-length spokes, 3 ... Telescopic spokes, 4,6 ... Cutter, 5 ... Guide member, 7 ...
Spoke body.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shield machine having a spoke type cutter device, wherein the cutter device comprises a plurality of fixed length spokes to which the cutter is attached over the entire length.
It has a plurality of telescopic spokes that are expandable and contractible in the radial direction and have a cutter attached to at least the tip, and the plurality of telescopic spokes can be adjusted in their expansion and contraction amounts individually. A shield machine with a feature. 2. A shield machine comprising a plurality of spoke type cutter devices, wherein the plurality of cutter devices are
Each has a plurality of fixed-length spokes to which a cutter is attached over the entire length and a plurality of telescopic spokes that are extendable and contractible in the radial direction and have a cutter attached to at least the tip end thereof. It is possible to adjust the amount of expansion and contraction of multiple expansion and contraction spokes,
The plurality of cutter devices are individually rotatable, and the fixed-length spokes and the telescopic spokes are both arranged to rotate in the same plane, and are arranged adjacent to each other. The mutual intervals of the cutter devices that are present are characterized in that the loci drawn by the tips of the fixed-length spokes do not overlap, and the loci drawn by the tips of the telescopic spokes in the expanded and contracted state overlap. Shield machine.