JP2557321B2 - Equipment for waste incineration and thermal energy operation - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a type of equipment for incineration of refuse and operation of heat energy, and in particular, an iron pipe or a heat-resistant material rod in series with cooling water passing above the hearth of an incinerator. The present invention relates to a facility provided with a grid formed laterally or vertically and used for forming a high and thin wall of dust by depositing dust therein.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Waste disposal is heading towards resource recovery as a global symptom. The most efficient way to recycle garbage is to use it as a thermal energy resource. By increasing the energy recovery rate, the operating fund of the equipment can be turned from a deficit to a surplus, and garbage pollution can be eliminated. The conventional thermal energy operating equipment of a traditional refuse incinerator is provided in the incinerator, and after the refuse is put in the hearth, air is passed through the bottom surface of the hearth. However, when the trash is still moist, it cannot start a fire quickly,
You can start burning after waiting for the dust to dry. In addition, the temperature of the combustion gas generated by combustion is much higher than that of air, and its density is lower than that of air, and once leaving the hearth, the chance of returning to the hearth is extremely small. Therefore, the residual oxygen in the combustion gas rarely comes into contact with the dust again to burn. Therefore, the high air ratio could not be lowered and the combustion gas temperature could not be raised significantly either.

The air ratio is influenced by its water content and the degree of flammability, and is further determined by whether it can sufficiently contact with air. Generally, the larger the contact area of the fuel with the air during combustion, the more uniform it becomes. In addition, the air ratio is relatively small for those that are easy to burn and have a low water content. On the contrary, when the fuel-air contact area is relatively small and the combustibility is poor, that is, when the ignition point is low, the water content is high, and thus the air ratio is relatively large.

For example, if natural gas is uniformly mixed with air in a boiler as quickly as possible, the contact area between the two becomes large, and the natural gas is extremely flammable and does not contain water, so the air ratio is , 1.08 is enough, and the combustion is fierce. Next, taking coal containing a volatile substance, such as coal, is also very flammable and has a low water content. However, since it has a lump shape, its contact area with air is smaller than that of natural gas, and the air ratio is slightly higher than that of natural gas, which is about 1.25. Furthermore, the squeezed syrup also easily burns, and due to its shape, the surface contact with the air on the hearth is relatively large. However, if the water content is high, 45
%, So after putting it in the boiler room of an old-fashioned boiler, it can be dried and ignited after a certain time. The air ratio is high, about 1.5%.

However, at present, a boiler using a sugar cane slag as a fuel has a spray-type stoker (Spreader S).
A squeezer is provided to spray the sugar cane slag into the boiler chamber when it is sent to the boiler, and once it falls on the hearth, it immediately ignites and burns. Therefore, the air ratio is 1.25
Go down.

The flammability of combustible materials in dust and the way in which the combustible materials are scattered are similar to those of the above-mentioned sugar cane slag. However, its water content is relatively high and its air ratio is also high. Speaking of general trash in Taipei City, LHV 1182 kcal / k
g, combustibles account for 29%, water content 56%. When incinerating trash with this kind of high water content in a traditional trash incinerator, its air ratio is about 2.0. When incinerating damp debris in an old-fashioned debris incinerator in this way, the debris forms a high and thin debris wall around the grid formed by tubes or rods when placed in the incinerator, at 1000 ° C.
After being heated and dried in the above furnace for 1 to 2 hours, it is put down on the hearth. Since this dust is extremely dry, once it comes into contact with air, it burns violently and its air ratio can be reduced to about 1.3. In addition, after the combustion gas ascends in the hearth, it contacts the wall of dust with a larger area, and the excess oxygen in the combustion gas partially combines with the dust and burns it, and the air ratio is 1. It can be lowered to about 2. This causes the temperature of the combustion gas to rise significantly.

Generally, the higher the temperature of the combustion gas, the higher the ratio of conversion of thermal energy into physical energy and electric energy in the steam power generation system. In terms of thermal power generation by burning coal, oil, or natural gas, the combustion gas temperature is 1540 ° C (2800 ° F).
The conversion rate of heat energy to electric energy is about 40%. However, the temperature of the combustion gas generated by connecting the equipment for heat quantity operation to the incineration of ordinary garbage is only 850 ° C, and the conversion rate of its heat energy to electric energy is 2
It falls to 0%. The conversion rate of thermal energy into electrical energy from the temperatures of different combustion gases produced in different incinerators can be calculated in a mathematical way according to the figures given above.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of equipment for incineration of refuse and operation of thermal energy, increase the heating and drying time of the refuse in an incinerator, and an opportunity of contact with combustion gas. The air ratio is greatly reduced by increasing
The purpose is to significantly increase the combustion gas temperature and thus improve the energy recovery of the equipment.

[0009]

The present invention provides a kind of equipment for incineration of refuse and operation of thermal energy, which mainly comprises one incinerator and a boiler, and the incinerator and the boiler are ventilated with combustion gas. They are connected to each other by a road, and the feature is that in the incinerator, a grid formed of iron pipes or rods of heat-resistant material that passes cooling water is installed, and dust is successively deposited on the grid to form a thin wall and descend. Increasing the heat-drying time of dust and the machines in contact with combustion gas, lowering the air ratio, and raising the temperature of combustion gas to increase energy recovery.

[0010]

[Operation] Above the hearth in the incinerator in the equipment, iron pipes or rods of heat-resistant material such as titanium are arranged side by side or stand up to form a lattice, and thus the dust put in the incinerator is accumulated. It forms a wall of dust that is tall and thin and does not collapse.

At the start of work, cooling water is passed through the steam iron pipe to prevent the iron pipe from burning. If you use rods made of heat-resistant material for the grid, you do not need to cool them like iron pipes. Since the space surrounded by the grate is so large, the dust put in the incinerator will remain in the grate for 1-2 hours to be cooled and gradually fall from the bottom of the grate, and then it will be lowered onto the rollers and It is placed on the hearth by rotation and incinerated.

The debris deposited on the hearth is very dry and an air ratio of about 1.3 is sufficient. At the same time, the surface formed by the iron pipe lattice is vertical or inclined to the ground, the air required for combustion is supplied from the bottom of the hearth, and the combustion gas generated by incineration flows from the hearth along the garbage wall. Ascends, crosses the wall of dust, and then descends to enter the boiler through the passage of combustion gas.

Due to the high height of the incinerator and the large area of dust, the combustion gas can come into contact with the dust many times as it flows above or below the combustion gas.

Further, 30% surplus air is still present in the combustion gas generated by the combustion, and the surplus air can burn dust.

Therefore, when the equipment of the present invention is used, the air ratio can be lowered to 1.2 or less. As a result, the temperature of the combustion gas also rises significantly, the thermal efficiency of the steam power generation system in the incinerator also increases significantly, and the purpose of improving energy recovery efficiency can be achieved.

[0016]

1 is a structural diagram of the present invention. The equipment for incineration of refuse and thermal energy operation according to the present invention mainly comprises one incinerator (1) and a boiler (2).

Most of the incinerator (1) is installed underground, and a dust distributor (11) is provided at the top end of the incinerator (1) to collect the dust in the dust collecting hole (4) carried by the conveyor (3). receive. In addition, several squeezers (1
2) is provided, and at the same time, the grating (13) is provided directly below the squeezer (12) in the incinerator. The grid (13) is formed by arranging in series iron rods or rods of a heat-resistant material such as titanium horizontally or vertically.

The surface formed by the grid (13) is vertical or slightly inclined with respect to the ground, and the bottom end of the grid (13) has a dust roller (14) and a hearth (1), respectively.
5) is provided, and at the bottom of the hearth (15) is an air distribution pipe (1
6) and at the same time a spiral conveyor (17) is provided at the bottom end of the incinerator (1) and the fuel injection nozzle (1) is provided at the side wall.
8) is provided, and the fuel pipe (1) is connected to the fuel injection nozzle (18) and the fuel pump (182) in front of the fuel oil tank (181).
83) to connect.

In the boiler (2), since the black carbon smoke generated in the incinerator (1) stays inside for a relatively long time, it can be completely incinerated, and is generally higher than the position of the incinerator (1) and above ground. And are connected to each other through a combustion gas passage (5). The boiler (2) equipment is the same as a general boiler.
That is, an air preheater (21), a steam reheater (22) connected to the air preheater (21), a high-pressure saturated steam generator (23), and the like are provided inside. The outer end of the air preheater (21) is connected to the blower (211), and the other end is connected to the air distribution pipe (16) of the incinerator (1) by the air supply pipe (212). This forms one air carrying pipeline. The steam reheater (22) is a turbine (222) using a superheated steam pipe (221).
The turbine (222) is equipped with a generator (6), is connected to a condenser (223), and is further connected to a condensate recovery tank (224), and at the same time is connected to the condensate recovery tank (22).
4) is a cooling water pipe (225) connected to the pipe material at the bottom of the lattice (13). The tube material at the top of the grid (13) is combined with the high pressure boiler feed water pump (232) through the boiler supply pipe (231) and is connected to the high pressure saturated steam generator (23).
As described above, one boiler supply water, steam and heat quantity operation pipeline is formed. The smoke chamber (24) is provided on the lower surface of the boiler (2), and at the same time, the smoke chamber (24) is externally provided with the smoke channel (24).
In 1), the flue gas purification tower (7) and the chimney (8) are connected.

The general situation of the incineration work of the present invention is that, at the start of incineration, the conveyor (3) is first driven to convey the dust from the dust collecting hole (4) into the dust distributor (11), and the dust is averaged. After dropping it into several squeezers (12) and pressing dust, it is dropped on average into the grate (13) in the incinerator (1). When dust is accumulated in the lattice (13) and becomes full, the cooling water in the condensate recovery tank (224) is cooled by the cooling water pipe (2).
In 25), it is sent into the iron pipe of the lattice (13) to start the flow. In addition, the blower (211) is driven, and air is passed through the air preheater (21) and the blower pipe (212) to the hearth (1
5) Send to bottom air distribution pipe (16). After that, the fuel pump (182) is driven to pressurize the fuel oil and inject it into the incinerator (1) through the fuel pipe (183) through the fuel injection nozzle (18) to ignite combustion (fuel oil burns). At the start, the combustion assist is stopped for 2 hours, and the dust roller (14) and the hearth (15) are rotated to gradually drop the dust on the hearth (15) and burn it on the hearth (15). . The furnace ash remaining on the hearth (15) falls on the spiral conveyor (17) due to the rotation of the hearth (15) and is carried out of the incinerator (1). Since the high-temperature combustion gas generated by incineration has a low density, it rapidly rises from the hearth (15), and in the middle of it, after repeatedly contacting the wall of dust formed around the lattice (13), Ascends and reaches the vicinity of the squeezer (12) at the upper end of the incinerator (1). However, since the dust enters the incinerator (1) by the extrusion method, there is not enough space in the squeezer (12) for the combustion gas to further rise. Therefore, the combustion gas reaches the upper end of the dust wall, then turns back and descends, passes through the combustion gas passage (5), and enters the boiler (2). This combustion gas is supplied to the high pressure saturated steam generator (2
After heating the water in 3) and the high-pressure steam in the steam reheater (22), its temperature drops significantly, and further the boiler (2)
After entering the flue chamber (24) inside and heating the air in the air preheater (21), the temperature becomes about 280 ° C. and becomes flue gas, and then passes through the flue (241). After entering the smoke purification tower (7) and being purified, the smoke is further discharged from the chimney (8).

Regarding the boiler feed water, steam flow path and heat quantity operation, cooling water enters the two rows of series lattices (13) through the cooling water pipes (225), and quickly cools the pipe material of the lattices (13). This prevents the pipe material from being burned by the high temperature combustion gas. When the grid (13) is made of a rod made of a heat-resistant material such as titanium, the cooling water pipe (225)
Is directly connected to the boiler water supply pipe (231). The temperature after passing through the cooling water grid (13) rises significantly, enters the high pressure saturated steam generator (23) through the boiler water supply pipe (231) and the high pressure boiler feed water pump (232), and transfers heat. Upon receipt, it becomes high-pressure saturated steam, which is further heated by the steam reheater (22) to become high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam, and the superheated steam pipe (22
1) Enter the turbine (222) via the generator (6)
To generate electric power, and then the high-pressure superheated steam becomes low-pressure waste steam and is discharged from the turbine (222). After entering the condenser (223), it becomes condensate after cooling and is stored in the condensate recovery tank (224).
It is used for cooling the iron pipe in 3) and supplying water to the boiler (2).

In the air transfer passage, air is blown by the blower (21
1) sent into the air preheater (21) and preheated by combustion gas or flue gas to 200 ° C., and then an air distribution pipe (212) is used for air distribution pipe (16) at the bottom of the hearth (15). ) And is fed on average over the hearth (15). Since the temperature inside the incinerator (1) is extremely high, the dust on the hearth (15) is already dry, so that when air enters the incinerator (1), oxygen will quickly enter the hearth (1).
5) Combining with the above dust, a violent burning action occurs.

A feature of the structure of the present invention is that the grate (13) is provided above the hearth (15) in the incinerator (1), whereby dust is dropped into the incinerator (1). Forms a high and thin garbage wall, and thus the garbage hearth (15)
Before being dropped and burned, it is allowed to stay for a long time to be completely dried, and the temperature of the combustion gas generated by burning can be significantly increased, thereby increasing energy recovery. At the same time, no auxiliary fuel is needed even if the dust is very damp. Specific effects of the dust treatment of the present invention will be described later.

At the same time, the higher the arrangement of the lattice (13) of the present invention, the higher the height of the wall of the dust accumulated in the incinerator (1), the more thorough the drying of the dust, and the combustion gas generated by the incineration. The temperature will be higher. In addition, as the arrangement of the grid (13) inclines toward the hearth (15), the chances of contact with the wall of the dust when the combustion gas rises or falls increases, and the surplus oxygen in the dust further increases. There are also more opportunities to combine with and burn, and the temperature of the combustion gas also rises accordingly.

The faster the rotation of the dust roller (14) for dropping dust on the lower surface of the lattice (13), the shorter the time the dust stays in the lattice (13) and the incomplete drying of the dust. Therefore, the temperature of the combustion gas generated by incineration becomes low. On the contrary, the slower the rotation of the dust roller (14), the longer the retention time of the dust in the lattice (13), that is, the drying time, and the better the dust is dried. As a result, the temperature of the combustion gas generated by incineration of dust also rises.

In addition, raising the combustion temperature is an important goal in order to enhance energy recovery and increase the amount of power generation. Therefore, the temperature in the incinerator (1) is extremely high,
Reachs up to 500 ° C. Under such a high temperature, if the iron pipes forming the grid (13) are not cooled by continuous water flow, the iron pipes are easily burnt by heat, and all of the iron pipes in the incinerator (1) are burned. The trash wall collapses. Therefore, the special effect of the incinerator of the present invention also disappears. If the lattice (13) is made of a rod made of a heat-resistant material such as titanium, cooling is not necessary.

Next, concrete results using the equipment for incineration of refuse and thermal energy operation according to the present invention will be described.

Comprehensive garbage in the urban area (low heating value 1182K
cal / Kg, plastic 12%, dried vegetable fiber 17
%, Moisture 56%, incombustibles 15%) as an example, the equipment of the present invention is used to preheat the air sent to the hearth to 200
When the temperature is set to ° C, the air ratio can be reduced to 1.2 or less. As a result, the temperature of the generated combustion gas was increased to about 1215 ° C. according to the calculation (the amount of each gas in the combustion gas is approximately 1 kg of incineration of dust,
Carbon dioxide 0.462Kg, water 0.695Kg, nitrogen 1.505Kg, oxygen 0.076Kg, hydrogen chloride 0.0
7 kg), the energy recovery efficiency of the steam power generation system is 30.6%. In addition, the excess air ratio required for incineration of dust, that is, the air ratio, falls from 2.0 to 1.2. Therefore, the waste heat incidental to the flue gas is reduced accordingly. In comparison, the net heat value of the heated steam circulation is relatively high.

When the refuse is incinerated using the traditional equipment, the unburned combustible material in the burnt residue is 7% of the total combustible material.
%, And the heat loss due to the radiation of the furnace body is about 1,077
If Kcal, low calorific value 1182 x (100% -7
%) × (100% -2%), various gas amounts (Kg) are as follows: carbon dioxide 0.430, water 0.695, nitrogen 2.508,
Oxygen is 0.381 and hydrogen chloride is 0.07. At a flue gas exhaust temperature of 280 ° C., the waste heat loss is about 330 Kcal, the heat loss incidental to the burnt residue is about 6.8 Kcal (burnt residue 0.15 Kg, unburned portion of combustible material 0.02 Kg, specific heat of about 0. 2, the furnace temperature is 200 ° C). This allows
The amount of heat that can be used for heating steam power circulation is 740K
cal (net calorie = 1077-330-6.8). Its combustion gas temperature is 945 ° C., and the thermal efficiency of steam power circulation generation is about 22.5%. Therefore, when incinerated with traditional equipment, the electricity generated per 1 kg is 0.19.
It is 36 KWH (740 Kcal × 22.5% ÷ 860).

When incineration of comprehensive waste in the same urban area by the equipment provided by the present invention, not only the combustibles in the waste are completely incinerated, but also the amounts of nitrogen and oxygen in the flue gas are as described above. , And drastically reduced (every time 1 Kg of garbage is incinerated,
The amount of each gas generated is 0.462 kg of carbon dioxide, 0.695 kg of water, 1.505 kg of nitrogen, and 0.076 oxygen.
Kg, hydrogen chloride 0.07 Kg). As a result, the heat loss emitted from the flue is about 242.6 Kcal,
The heat loss incidental to the burnt dust is about 6 Kcal. Therefore, the heat of circulating the heating steam is 909.8 Kcal (1182 Kcal × 0.98−) each time 1 Kg of garbage is incinerated.
242.6-6). The temperature of the combustion gas generated by incineration is 1215 ° C, and the generated steam power circulation thermal efficiency is about 30.6%. Therefore, when incinerating waste in Taipei City with the equipment provided by the present invention, the power generated per 1 kg is about 0.324 KWH, and the power generation amount increases to 6
It reaches about 7%.

By adopting the new and excellent new equipment as described above, the waste (low calorific value 2340 Kcal /
Kg, plastic 4%, dry plant fiber 51%,
When incinerating 25% of water and 20% of incombustibles, the combustion gas temperature reaches up to 1570 ° C, and the high temperature, high pressure steam power circulation, thermal energy generated and the efficiency of mechanical energy and electric energy are changed. Reach 40% height.

[0032]

When the equipment of the present invention is used, the air ratio can be reduced to 1.2 or less. As a result, the temperature of the combustion gas also rises significantly, the thermal efficiency of the steam power generation system in the incinerator also increases significantly, and the purpose of improving energy recovery efficiency can be achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

(1) Incinerator (2) Boiler (3) Conveyor
(4) Dust collecting hole (5) Combustion gas passage (6) Generator (7) Flue gas purification tower (8) Chimney (11) Dust distributor (12) Squeezer (1)
3) Lattice (14) Dust roller (15) Hearth (16) Air distribution pipe (17) Spiral conveyor (18) Fuel injection nozzle
(21) Air preheater (22) Steam reheater (23) High pressure saturated steam generator
(24) Smoke chamber (181) Fuel oil tank (182) Fuel pump (183) Fuel pipe (211) Blower (212) Air pipe (221)
Superheated steam pipe (222) Turbine (223) Condenser (22
4) Condensate recovery tank (225) Cooling water pipe (231) Boiler water supply pipe (232) High-pressure boiler feed pump (241) Smoke path

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A waste distributor comprising an incinerator (1) and a boiler (2), and a conveyor (3) at the top end of the incinerator (1) for receiving the waste carried in the waste collection hole (4). (1
1) and a plurality of squeezers (12) are provided, and a grid (1) is provided above the hearth (15) near the inner center of the incinerator (1).
3) is provided, and a dust roller (1) is provided at the bottom end of the incinerator (1).
4) and the hearth (15) are respectively provided, an air distribution pipe (16) is provided at the bottom of the hearth (15), and at the same time, a spiral conveyor (17) is provided at the bottom end of the incinerator (1), and A fuel injection nozzle (18) is provided on the side wall, and a fuel oil tank (1
81) Fuel Bomb (182) and Fuel Tube (183)
The boiler (2) is connected to the incinerator (1) through the combustion gas passage (5), and is internally connected to the air preheater (21) and the steam reheater (22) connected to each other. , A high-pressure saturated steam generator (23), etc., of which the outer end of the air preheater (21) and the blower (211) are connected, and the other end is connected to the blower pipe (2).
At 12), connect to the air distribution pipe (16) of the incinerator (1),
It forms one air carrying line and also has the steam reheater (2
2) is connected to a turbine (222) by a superheated steam pipe (221), the turbine (222) is equipped with a generator (6), a condenser (223) for waste steam, and a condensate recovery tank ( 224), and at the same time, the condensate recovery tank (22
In 4), a cooling water pipe (225) is connected, a boiler water supply pipe (231) is combined with a high pressure boiler feed water pump (232), and the high pressure saturated steam generator (23) is connected to this, and one boiler is connected. A conduit for water supply, steam, and heat quantity operation is formed, and a smoke channel chamber (24) is further provided on the rear surface of the boiler (2), and at the same time, the smoke channel chamber (24) is externally purified by the smoke channel (241). It is connected to the tower (7) and the chimney (8) and is characterized in that a grid (13) is provided above the hearth (15) in the center of the inside of the incinerator (1), and the grid (13) is a series of iron pipes. Alternatively, rods of heat-resistant material such as titanium are formed side by side or vertically, and the bottom end and top end pipes of the lattice (13) are connected to the cooling water pipe (225) and the boiler water supply pipe (231), respectively. This allows cooling water to pass through the hollow tube material of the grid (13), In the case of forming a stick of serial refractory materials, cooling water pipe (225) directly boiler Kyosui tube (23
Equipment for incineration of waste and operation of thermal energy, which is connected to 1).