JP2565038B2 - Method for producing high-strength galvannealed steel sheet with excellent strength-ductility balance and film properties - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet which is mainly used as a material for automobiles, and particularly has a tensile strength of 50 to 70 kg / mm ² and an excellent strength-ductility balance. The present invention relates to a method for producing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent film properties.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, improvement in fuel efficiency of automobiles has been called for from the viewpoint of prevention of global warming and the like, and high strength and thin materials are strongly demanded from the viewpoint of weight reduction of a vehicle body and ensuring safety. On the other hand, alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets have long been used as body materials from the viewpoint of extending the life of the vehicle body. Therefore, development of high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets has been carried out in order to satisfy both of these characteristics.

Generally, Si and M are used to increase the strength of steel sheets.
The addition of solid solution strengthening elements such as n and P, the addition of precipitation elements such as Nb, Ti and V, or the combined addition of both of these is performed. However, the tensile strength was 50 kg / mm ²
To achieve the above, it is necessary to increase the amount of addition of each strengthening element only with the former, and these strengthening elements are concentrated on the steel plate surface during annealing in a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line (hereinafter referred to as CGL), There is a problem that the film characteristics are deteriorated (non-plating, poor alloying, poor powdering resistance, etc.). On the other hand, in the latter case, since a large amount of precipitates are present in the steel, the recrystallization temperature rises, and further, the strength-ductility balance and the hole expandability are inferior, which is a material problem.

Apart from the above strengthening mechanism, it is known to strengthen steel by a composite structure in which a hard second phase such as martensite is dispersed in soft ferrite. According to this method, the balance between strength and ductility is excellent, and in addition, since the yield ratio is lowered, the shape fixability is improved, and the press formability is also improved.

[0005]

Generally, in such a composite structure, a steel sheet is heated to a temperature range of Ac ₁ transformation point or more and Ac ₃ transformation point or less and then cooled, and austenite is transformed into a hard low temperature transformation phase such as martensite. It is achieved by transforming into. To form such a low temperature transformation phase, it is important how to stabilize the austenite phase during cooling, in other words, to suppress transformation from austenite to pearlite. That is, when the cooling rate after annealing is relatively slow like CGL, and the plating step at 450 ° C. to 500 ° C. and the alloying treatment step at 450 ° C. to 550 ° C. are present during cooling, an austenite phase is formed. In order to stabilize it, it is necessary to add a large amount of Mn, Si, Cr or the like, which causes the same problem as the solid solution strengthening type described above.

For example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 58-30933 relates to a method for producing a composite structure type alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, and in order to stabilize austenite, Mn is used.
+ Si ≧ 2.3, and a special zone called a retention zone must be provided between the plating bath and the alloying furnace.

On the other hand, with respect to ordinary hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (non-alloyed materials), techniques such as Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-13415 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 54-148125 are disclosed. In these techniques, Si: tr. The material is Mn: 1.5 wt% or less and Cr: 0.5 wt% or less. When alloying such a steel type, Mn, C
The alloying unevenness (alloying abnormality) occurs due to the surface concentration of r, and the film quality deteriorates. Furthermore, since a heating step (alloying heat treatment) is added during the cooling in CGL, strength reduction cannot be avoided.

As described above, conventionally, in order to produce a high-strength galvannealed steel sheet having a tensile strength of 50 kg / mm ² or more, which has an excellent strength-ductility balance, coating characteristics (plating property, alloying processability) are required. However, there is a problem in that a large amount of harmful component elements are added and that a special manufacturing facility must be used.

[0009]

In view of the problems of the conventional method, the present invention considers various properties required for the galvannealed steel sheet, and has a tensile strength level excellent in strength-ductility balance. By reviewing the strengthening mechanism that makes 50 to 70 kg / mm ² appear, and by performing heating during alloying by an induction heating method, local heating of the original plate surface layer is used to utilize austenite during cooling after CGL annealing. In addition to suppressing the transformation into pearlite as much as possible, a film having excellent powdering resistance and alloy phase homogeneity can be obtained.

That is, in the present invention, C: 0.08 to 0.1
4 wt%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35 wt%, Mn:
1.50 to 2.00 wt%, P: 0.05 wt% or less,
S: 0.02 wt% or less, Sol. Al: 0.03 ~
0.06 wt%, N: 0.0070 wt% or less, Cr:
0.15-0.25 wt%, V: 0.050-0.10.
A steel containing 0 wt% and having a composition of balance Fe and unavoidable impurities was formed into a hot rolled slab at a heating temperature of 1170.
℃ or less, hot rolling winding temperature: after hot rolling under the conditions of 600 ℃ or less, and cold rolling if necessary, in the continuous hot dip galvanizing line, a temperature of Ac ₁ transformation point or more and Ac ₃ transformation point or less After annealing, the alloy is subjected to alloying heat treatment in an induction heating type alloying furnace so that the furnace exit side plate temperature is 450 to 550 ° C., and after the molten zinc layer on the surface layer disappears, 3
A method for producing a high-strength galvannealed steel sheet having excellent strength-ductility balance and coating properties, which is characterized by cooling to a temperature of 00 ° C or lower at a cooling rate of 10 ° C / sec or higher.

Such a feature of the present invention is S in terms of material.
The combination of i-Mn-Cr-based composite structure and V-added structure for fine-grained structure imparted an excellent strength-ductility balance in spite of being a low component system, and the induction heating method was used for the alloying heat treatment. By using it, the reheating of the steel sheet in the cooling process including the alloying treatment step after CGL heating was suppressed as much as possible, and the transformation from austenite to pearlite was suppressed even though it was a low component system. Therefore, by optimizing the hot rolling conditions, the non-uniformity of the surface of the plating base plate formed in the hot rolling process including the slab heating process (these non-uniformities are caused by local alloying during the alloying process in CGL). Cause unevenness)
Is suppressed, and Si and M generated in the heating process of CGL are suppressed.
Anomalous alloying caused by selective oxides of easily oxidizable elements such as n, Cr, etc. is rendered harmless by induction heating alloying treatment (because the surface layer of the plating original plate is preferentially heated, the influence of alloying inhibitors is Hard to receive). Further, according to the present invention as described above, the strength-
It is possible to produce a 50-70 kg / mm ² grade high strength alloyed galvanized steel sheet having excellent ductility balance and plating properties, particularly surface appearance and powdering resistance.

[0012]

First, the reasons for limiting the component composition of the original plating plate in the method of the present invention will be described. C: In a steel sheet having a composite structure, the amount of C is an important factor that determines the second phase volume ratio together with the annealing temperature. C is 0.0
If it is less than 8 wt%, the volume fraction of the second phase is insufficient, and in order to obtain a tensile strength of 50 kg / mm ² or more, it is necessary to add a large amount of solid solution strengthening or precipitation strengthening elements. Bring about a decline. On the other hand, when C exceeds 0.14 wt%, the second phase volume ratio increases, the ductility decreases, and the spot weldability also decreases. Therefore, C is defined as 0.08 to 0.14 wt%.

Si: Si is an element that reduces the solid solution C in the ferrite, stabilizes austenite, and strengthens the ferrite without deteriorating the ductility, but has an adverse effect on the plating property and alloying processability. Is known to affect. However, by optimizing the production conditions as described later (hot rolling slab heating temperature, hot rolling coiling temperature, induction heating type alloying furnace, etc.), it was found that a small amount can be added. The addition of Si is one of the features of the present invention that the strength-ductility balance is improved. Si is 0.15
If it is less than wt%, the above-mentioned effect of improving ductility cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.35 wt%, the alloying processability is affected even if the above manufacturing conditions are optimized, and the surface appearance is deteriorated. Therefore, Si is 0.15
It is specified as 0.35 wt%.

Mn: Mn stabilizes austenite, suppresses transformation to pearlite in the CGL cooling process, and strengthens steel by forming a solid solution in ferrite. If Mn is less than 1.50 wt%, such an effect cannot be sufficiently obtained, while if Mn exceeds 2.00 wt%, CG is added together with Si.
When L is heated, it concentrates on the surface of the steel sheet and the alloying processability is affected. Therefore, Mn is defined as 1.50 to 2.00 wt%.

P: P is one of the solid solution strengthening elements that strengthens steel without impairing ductility, but excessive addition affects alloying processability and causes uneven alloying. Therefore, P is added with an upper limit of 0.05 wt%. S: If S exceeds 0.02 wt%, cracks are likely to occur during hot rolling and ductility in cold is deteriorated, so 0.02 wt% is the upper limit.

Sol. Al: Al is added as a deoxidizing agent during steel making, but if added excessively, it has a bad influence on the plating property due to selective oxidation. Al is Sol. 0.0 for Al
If it is less than 3 wt%, the deoxidizing effect is insufficient, while 0.0
If it exceeds 6 wt%, the above-mentioned selective oxidation deteriorates the plating property. Therefore, Sol. Al is 0.03 to 0.0
It is specified as 6 wt%. N: N, if contained in a large amount, deteriorates ductility.
The upper limit is 0070 wt%.

Cr: Cr increases the stability of austenite when added in an amount of 0.15 wt% or more, but excessive addition adversely affects the plating property due to selective oxidation. Therefore, Cr is defined as 0.15 to 0.25 wt%. V: V is deposited as carbonitride in the steel, resulting in 2
Effectively refines the crystal grain size of ferrite and austenite during heating in the phase region. Such effect is 0.050
If it is less than wt%, it cannot be obtained, while 0.100w
If it exceeds t%, the amount of precipitates increases and the recrystallization temperature rises. Therefore, V is 0.050 to 0.100.
Defined as wt%.

The steel slab having the above-described composition is a hot rolling slab heating temperature: 1170 ° C. or lower, a hot rolling coiling temperature: 60.
It is hot-rolled under the condition of 0 ° C or less. The hot rolling slab heating temperature is one of the important manufacturing conditions of the present invention together with the hot rolling coiling temperature. When Si is added to steel, austenite is stabilized without adding a large amount of Mn, and the strength-ductility balance is further improved. However, as described above, the addition of Si adversely affects the alloying processability.
As a result of detailed investigations by the present inventors,
It became clear that the alloying abnormality of Si steel consists of the following two types of phenomena. One is the non-uniformity of the alloying reaction as shown in the photograph of Fig. 1, and the other is the selective Fe-Zn reaction at the ferrite grain boundaries as shown in the photograph of Fig. 2. It is an abnormal alloying. As a result of investigating the influence of hot rolling conditions on these, as shown in FIG. 3, the alloying anomaly of the former type (indicated as “type” in the figure) is caused by the hot rolling slab heating temperature and the alloy of the latter type. It has been found that the abnormal appearance (shown as "type" in the figure) changes its appearance tendency depending on the hot rolling coiling temperature. Although the reasons for these are not clear, the former is the formation of a composite oxide of iron and Si formed during heating of the hot rolling slab, and the latter is the Si at the grain boundary of the surface ferrite that occurs during hot rolling. It seems that the selective oxidation phenomenon of is involved. According to FIG. 3, the hot rolling slab heating temperature 117
When hot rolling is performed under the conditions of 0 ° C. or lower and the hot rolling coiling temperature of 600 ° C. or lower, neither of the above-mentioned types of alloying abnormality occurs. From the above results, in the present invention, the hot rolling slab heating temperature is defined as 1170 ° C. or lower and the hot rolling coiling temperature is defined as 600 ° C. or lower.

The hot-rolled steel sheet is pickled, cold-rolled if necessary, and then passed through CGL. The annealing heating temperature in this CGL is in the two-phase temperature range from the Ac ₁ transformation point to the Ac ₃ transformation point. In the annealing in this two-phase temperature range, the two-phase volume ratio changes according to the annealing temperature, and therefore,
The strength level can be arbitrarily changed by the annealing temperature. The annealed steel sheet is immediately cooled according to the usual method.
In the present invention, the cooling rate at this time is not particularly specified, but the component system of the present invention has a two-phase structure due to the cooling rate achieved by ordinary CGL.

Next, the steel sheet is hot-dipped, and after the amount of adhesion is adjusted, an alloying heat treatment is performed. This alloying heat treatment is carried out in an induction heating (high frequency induction heating) type alloying furnace. It is one of the features of the present invention that the alloying treatment is performed in the induction heating type alloying furnace as described above.
i: 0.15 to 0.35 wt%, Mn: 1.50 to 2.
Even in steel sheets with an additive element range such as 00 wt%, alloying abnormalities are suppressed, and further reheating of the steel sheet contents during the cooling process after heating in the two-phase region is suppressed to the utmost. Metamorphosis can be suppressed.

As described above, when the steel of the composition system of the present invention is hot-rolled under the above-mentioned manufacturing conditions, the alloying anomaly caused by the nonuniformity of the surface of the original plate caused in the hot-rolling process including slab heating is improved. be able to. However, since the selective oxidation occurs according to the amount of the additional element even during the annealing of CGL, the complex oxide such as Si / Mn system exists in the form of islands on the surface of the steel sheet immediately before the immersion in the plating bath. It is known that such oxides also cause alloying abnormalities and, in extreme cases, non-plating. When an induction heating furnace is used for the alloying treatment, the surface layer of the steel sheet is preferentially heated, unlike the normally used gas heating method, and such heating forces the steel sheet surface to be non-uniform regardless of its non-uniformity. It is considered that the reaction between the surface iron and molten zinc occurs and the abnormal alloying is suppressed.
Furthermore, since the alloying reaction efficiently occurs due to such heating, alloying is completed in a short time, the transformation from austenite to pearlite is also suppressed, and in particular, the steel sheet surface layer is preferentially heated as described above. Therefore, the transformation from austenite to pearlite inside the steel sheet is more effectively suppressed.

In the alloying treatment as described above, the temperature of the steel plate on the furnace outlet side is regulated within the range of 450 to 550 ° C. If the temperature at the furnace outlet side is less than 450 ° C, it takes a long time for alloying, while if it exceeds 550 ° C, the powdering resistance is deteriorated.
After the molten zinc layer on the surface layer disappeared in the above alloying treatment, 3
It is cooled to a temperature of 00 ° C. or lower at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or higher. In order to improve the powdering resistance, prevention of overalloying after the alloying treatment is particularly important, and for this purpose, the temperature region where alloying does not proceed after the molten zinc layer on the surface layer disappears by alloying heating ( Up to 300 ° C) up to 10 ° C /
It is necessary to cool at a cooling rate of sec or more to prevent overalloying.

[0023]

【Example】

[Example 1] Steel having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted in a converter,
Slab heating temperature: 1150 ° C, hot rolling coiling temperature: 580 ° C
It hot-rolled to 3.6 mm on condition of. This hot-rolled sheet was pickled by a usual method, cold-rolled to 1.8 mm, then annealed at 800 ° C. in a direct-fired furnace type CGL, and then plated with an adhesion amount of 60 g / m ^{2 on} one side. Then, alloying treatment was performed subsequently. In this alloying treatment, in the induction heating type alloying furnace, the steel plate temperature on the exit side of the furnace is 500
It carried out so that it might become (degreeC). In addition, when alloying is completed and the molten zinc layer disappears, the average cooling rate is 25 ° C immediately.
/ Sec to 250 ° C., and then water cooling. Table 2 shows the surface appearance and various characteristics of the galvannealed steel sheet thus obtained. According to Table 2, strength-
From the viewpoint of ductility balance and film characteristics (surface appearance),
It can be seen that the steels a to d, which are the component steels of the present invention, exhibit excellent properties.

[0024]

[Table 1]

[0025]

[Table 2]

Example 2 Using the steels a to d in Table 1, the effect of hot rolling conditions on the occurrence of alloying unevenness was investigated. Each of the above steels was hot-rolled to 1.8 mm by variously changing the slab heating temperature and the hot rolling coiling temperature, and then a direct-fired furnace type C was used.
Annealed at 850 ° C in GL, then 45 g / side
After the plating of m ² was performed, the alloying treatment was performed in the induction heating type alloying treatment furnace. In this alloying process, the furnace outlet plate temperature was set to 500 ° C., and when the alloying was completed and the molten zinc layer disappeared, the average cooling rate was 25 ° C./s immediately.
It was cooled to 250 ° C. by ec and then water-cooled. FIG. 4 shows the alloying nonuniformity of the plated steel sheet thus obtained, arranged by the slab heating temperature and the winding temperature. From FIG. 4, it can be seen that by performing hot rolling under the conditions specified by the present invention, alloying abnormalities caused by nonuniformity of the surface of the original plate in the hot rolling process can be effectively suppressed. The types shown in FIG. 4 and the types of alloying abnormalities are distinguished from each other in the same manner as described with reference to FIG.

Example 3 Using the steels a to d in Table 1, the effect of the CGL annealing temperature on the strength of the steel sheet was examined. Slab heating temperature of each of the above steels: 1150 ° C., hot rolling coiling temperature: 58
It hot-rolled to 3.6 mm on condition of 0 degreeC. This hot-rolled sheet was pickled by a usual method, then cold-rolled to 1.2 mm, and then 780 in a direct-fired furnace type CGL.
Annealed in the range of up to 900 ° C, then one side 45g / m ²
After plating with the amount of deposit of, the alloying treatment was performed in the induction heating type alloying furnace. In this alloying treatment, the temperature on the outlet side of the furnace was set to 500 ° C., and when the alloying was completed and the molten zinc layer disappeared, the average cooling rate was 25 ° C. /
It was cooled to 250 ° C. in sec and then cooled with water. Figure 5
Shows the tensile strength of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet thus obtained, arranged by annealing temperature.
It is understood that the strength level can be arbitrarily changed by changing the annealing temperature in the phase temperature range.

Example 4 Using the steel b in Table 1, the effect of alloying conditions on the powdering resistance was examined. Slab heating temperature of the above b steel: 1150 ° C., hot rolling coiling temperature: 580
It was hot-rolled to 3.2 mm under the condition of ° C. After pickling this hot-rolled sheet by a usual method, cold-rolling to 0.8 mm,
Then, it was annealed at 850 ° C. in a direct-fired furnace type CGL, followed by plating with an adhesion amount of 60 g / m ² per side, and then an alloying treatment was performed in an induction heating type alloying furnace. In this alloying process, the temperature at the outlet side of the furnace and the average cooling rate were variously changed, and the effects of these on the powdering resistance were investigated. Table 3 shows the powdering resistance and surface appearance of the obtained galvannealed steel sheet together with alloying conditions. According to this, it is understood that excellent powdering resistance and a good surface appearance can be obtained only when the temperature at the exit side of the furnace and the cooling rate after completion of alloying satisfy the conditions of the present invention.

[0029]

[Table 3]

Example 5 Using the steel c in Table 1, the difference in the heating state in the steel sheet thickness direction due to the difference in the alloying heating method was examined by the steel sheet thickness direction hardness distribution. The above c steel was hot-rolled to 1.6 mm under the conditions of slab heating temperature: 1150 ° C. and hot rolling coiling temperature: 580 ° C., and this was annealed at 870 ° C. in a direct-fired furnace type CGL, and then 60 g on one side. / M ² of the deposited amount was applied, and then the alloying treatment was applied. In this alloying process, induction heating method and gas heating method are used.
Heat treatment was performed so that the outlet plate temperature was 505 ° C., respectively. In each alloying treatment, immediately after the alloying was completed and the molten zinc layer disappeared, the alloy was immediately cooled to 250 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 25 ° C./sec, and then water-cooled. FIG. 6 shows the hardness distribution in the thickness direction of the obtained galvannealed steel sheet. According to this, the gas heating method heats the entire thickness direction, whereas the induction heating method. It can be seen that, only the surface layer of the steel sheet is heated preferentially and the heating inside the steel sheet is suppressed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged photomicrograph showing a metal structure of a cross section of an alloyed plating layer in which an alloying abnormality of the type shown in FIG. 3 has occurred.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged micrograph showing a metal structure of a cross section of an alloyed plating layer in which an alloying abnormality of the type shown in FIG. 3 has occurred.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effects of hot rolling slab heating temperature and hot rolling coiling temperature on alloying anomalies.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effects of hot rolling slab heating temperature and hot rolling coiling temperature on alloying anomalies in Example 2.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of CGL annealing temperature on the strength level of the plated steel sheet in Example 3.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the influence of the heating method of alloying treatment on the hardness distribution of the steel sheet in the plate thickness direction in Example 5.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C22C 38/00 301 C22C 38/00 301T 38/24 38/24 C23C 2/40 C23C 2/40 ( 72) Inventor Masaru Sagiyama 1-2-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Within Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-56-51532 (JP, A) JP-A-56-163219 (JP, A) Special Kaisho 58-58264 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. C: 0.08 to 0.14 wt%, Si:
0.15-0.35 wt%, Mn: 1.50-2.00
wt%, P: 0.05 wt% or less, S: 0.02 wt%
Below, Sol. Al: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, N:
0.0070 wt% or less, Cr: 0.15-0.25w
steel containing t%, V: 0.050 to 0.100 wt% and having a composition consisting of balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, hot rolled slab heating temperature: 1170 ° C. or lower, hot rolled coiling temperature: 600 ° C. or lower In the continuous hot-dip galvanizing line, after hot rolling under the conditions
After annealing at a temperature of not less than c ₁ transformation point and not more than Ac ₃ transformation point, plating is performed, and then alloying heat treatment is performed in an induction heating type alloying furnace so that the furnace exit side plate temperature is 450 to 550 ° C. Of a high-strength galvannealed steel sheet excellent in strength-ductility balance and coating characteristics, characterized by cooling to a temperature of 300 ° C. or lower at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more after disappearance of the molten zinc layer of Production method.