JP2585210B2 - Fuel cell power plant - Google Patents
Fuel cell power plantInfo
- Publication number
- JP2585210B2 JP2585210B2 JP60219051A JP21905185A JP2585210B2 JP 2585210 B2 JP2585210 B2 JP 2585210B2 JP 60219051 A JP60219051 A JP 60219051A JP 21905185 A JP21905185 A JP 21905185A JP 2585210 B2 JP2585210 B2 JP 2585210B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- anode
- exhaust gas
- gas
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/244—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes with matrix-supported molten electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は内部改質型溶融炭酸塩燃料電池を用いた燃料
電池発電プラントに係り、特に、起動時の昇温，昇圧を
容易にする燃料電池発電プラントに関する。Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fuel cell power plant using an internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell which facilitates temperature rise and pressure rise at startup. It relates to a power plant.
溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池は、電池電圧が高く、発電効率
も高く、しかも高温作動型電池である事からタービン発
電機と組み合わせた複合発電機にすることにより更に高
い発電効率が得られることから、最近、注目されだして
いる。特に内部改質型の燃料電池は、その発電効率が高
い事から特に注目されている。内部改質型溶融炭酸塩燃
料電池を用いた発電システムについては、「6500BTU/kw
hの熱効率をもつ発電機の評価」（“Assesment of a 65
00−Btu/kwh Heat Rate Dispersed Generator"EPR/レポ
ートEM3307 1983年11月 Energy Research Corporatio
n,Flouv Engineers and Constractions Inc.）と題する
文献に詳細に論じられている。Since the molten carbonate fuel cell has a high cell voltage, high power generation efficiency, and a high temperature operation type battery, a higher power generation efficiency can be obtained by using a combined generator combined with a turbine generator. Recently, it has been noticed. In particular, internal reforming type fuel cells have been receiving particular attention because of their high power generation efficiency. For a power generation system using an internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell, see “6500 BTU / kw
Evaluation of a Generator with Thermal Efficiency of h ”(“ Assesment of a 65
00-Btu / kwh Heat Rate Dispersed Generator "EPR / Report EM3307 November 1983 Energy Research Corporatio
n, Flouv Engineers and Constractions Inc.).
これによると、溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池は、反応温度が
約600℃〜800℃と高く、特にプラント起動時の燃料電池
の昇温に時間がかかり、起動損失の低減を図る事が技術
的課題の一つであるとされた。According to this, the molten carbonate fuel cell has a high reaction temperature of about 600 ° C to 800 ° C, and it takes a long time to raise the temperature of the fuel cell, especially at the time of plant startup, and it is a technical problem to reduce the startup loss. It was one of the.
この問題点を解決する方法として、第２図に示す燃料
電池発電プラントが開示されている。As a method for solving this problem, a fuel cell power plant shown in FIG. 2 is disclosed.
即ち、燃料電池４のアノード６に圧縮機44により燃料
が流路1,2を通つて供給されるが、この流路１に起動用
ボイラ100を設け燃料を加熱し昇温する方法である。一
方、燃料電池４のカソードに供給される燃料はタービン
34に連結された圧縮機32によつて圧縮され触媒バーナ18
で所定温度に加熱される。That is, the fuel is supplied to the anode 6 of the fuel cell 4 by the compressor 44 through the flow paths 1 and 2. In this method, a starting boiler 100 is provided in the flow path 1 to heat the fuel and increase the temperature. On the other hand, the fuel supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 4 is a turbine.
The catalyst burner 18 is compressed by a compressor 32 connected to
Is heated to a predetermined temperature.
しかし、この開示された発電プラントは需要地分散配
置（オンサイト）用の比較的小規模の発電プラントに対
する電気と熱とを併給する熱電併給システム（コジエネ
レーシヨンシステム）用としての常圧の燃料電池発電シ
ステムの検討例であり、発電を目的とした比較的大規模
な加圧システムに対する問題に関しては認識されていな
い。即ち、作動温度の高い溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池は、特
に起動時の昇温，昇圧に問題あり、更に高価な起動用ボ
イラの設置等経済性の面でも問題があつた。However, the disclosed power plant does not operate at normal pressure as a cogeneration system for supplying electricity and heat to a relatively small power plant for distributed distribution on demand (on-site). This is a study example of a fuel cell power generation system, and no problem has been recognized with respect to a relatively large-scale pressurization system for power generation. That is, the molten carbonate type fuel cell having a high operating temperature has a problem particularly in temperature rise and pressure increase at the time of start-up, and also has a problem in terms of economy such as installation of an expensive start-up boiler.
本発明の目的は、特に起動時の昇温，昇圧を容易に、
しかもじん速に行える内部改質型溶融炭酸塩燃料電池発
電プラントを提供することにある。It is an object of the present invention to easily increase the temperature and pressure during startup,
Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide an internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell power generation plant that can be operated quickly.
上記目的は、アノード及びカソードを有する内部改質
型溶融炭酸塩燃料電池と、前記アノードに燃料を供給す
る装置と、ガスタービン及び該ガスタービンにより駆動
される空気圧縮機と、前記アノードからの排ガスの一部
を該アノードの入口に戻すリサイクル系統と、前記ガス
タービンの入口に設けられ前記アノードからの排ガスの
一部を前記カソードからの排ガスで燃焼して該ガスター
ビンに供給する燃焼器と、前記アノードからの排ガスの
残りを前記空気圧縮機からの空気で燃料して前記カソー
ドに供給する燃焼バーナとを備える燃料電池発電プラン
トにおいて、 前記燃料の一部を前記燃焼器（29:符号は第１図参
照）に直接供給する燃料バイパス流路と（15）と、プラ
ント起動時には前記燃料バイパス流路（15）を通し所定
量の燃料を前記燃焼器（29）に供給してガスタービン
（34）を単独運動させ該単独運転後の昇圧運転時には該
燃料を徐々に減量する第１燃料調整手段（46）と、前記
昇圧運転時に前記アノード（６）に供給する燃料を徐々
に増量する第２燃料調整手段（45）と、前記昇圧運転時
に前記空気圧縮機（32）からの空気を前記カソード
（７）に徐々に増量して供給する空気調整手段（50）
と、前記昇圧運転時に前記アノード（６）からの排ガス
を前記燃焼器（29）にバイパスするバイパス量の調整手
段（11）と、前記昇圧運転後の昇温運転時に前記アノー
ド（６）からの排ガスの一部を徐々に増量しながら前記
燃焼バーナ（18）に供給する第３燃料調整手段（16）と
を設けることで、達成される。The object is to provide an internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell having an anode and a cathode, a device for supplying fuel to the anode, a gas turbine and an air compressor driven by the gas turbine, and exhaust gas from the anode. A recirculation system that returns a part of the exhaust gas to the inlet of the anode, a combustor that is provided at the inlet of the gas turbine and burns a part of the exhaust gas from the anode with the exhaust gas from the cathode to supply the gas turbine. A combustion burner that supplies the remainder of the exhaust gas from the anode with the air from the air compressor and supplies the fuel to the cathode, wherein a part of the fuel is supplied to the combustor (29: (15) and a predetermined amount of fuel through the fuel bypass passage (15) when the plant is started. A first fuel adjusting means (46) for supplying the gas to the combustor (29) to independently operate the gas turbine (34) to gradually reduce the fuel during the boost operation after the independent operation, and the anode ( Second fuel adjusting means (45) for gradually increasing the amount of fuel supplied to 6), and air for gradually increasing the amount of air supplied from the air compressor (32) to the cathode (7) during the pressure increasing operation; Adjusting means (50)
A bypass amount adjusting means (11) for bypassing the exhaust gas from the anode (6) to the combustor (29) during the boosting operation; and a bypass amount adjusting means (11) from the anode (6) during the temperature increasing operation after the boosting operation. This is achieved by providing third fuel adjusting means (16) for supplying a portion of the exhaust gas to the combustion burner (18) while gradually increasing the amount.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づき更に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described based on examples.
第１図は本発明に係わる燃料電池発電プラントであ
る。FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell power plant according to the present invention.
燃料電池４への燃料ガス（流路２通路、以下同様）
は、燃料電池アノード６での燃料ガス（流路１）の改質
に必要な水分を供給するために、アノード６からの排ガ
ス（流路３）の一部をリサイクルした混合ガスとして供
給される。Fuel gas to fuel cell 4 (two flow paths, the same applies hereinafter)
Is supplied as a mixed gas in which a part of the exhaust gas (flow path 3) from the anode 6 is recycled in order to supply water necessary for reforming the fuel gas (flow path 1) in the fuel cell anode 6. .
燃料電池４は、燃料電池の積層体で構成され、各燃料
電池は、正極と負極とこれらの両極の間に配置された電
解質５と、正極の非電解質側に設けられたガス通路（正
極及び正極ガス通路をカソード７と呼ぶ。）と負極の非
電解質側に設けられたガス通路（負極及び負極ガス通路
をアノード６と呼ぶ。）とを含む。The fuel cell 4 is composed of a stack of fuel cells. Each fuel cell has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte 5 disposed between these two electrodes, and a gas passage (positive electrode and positive electrode) provided on the non-electrolyte side of the positive electrode. The cathode gas passage is referred to as a cathode 7) and a gas passage provided on the non-electrolyte side of the anode (the anode and the anode gas passage are referred to as an anode 6).
本発明では、電解質に炭酸リチウム，炭酸カリウムな
どの炭酸塩を用い、それが溶融状態になる温度約600℃
〜700℃で運転する溶融炭酸塩を用いている。本燃料電
池は、メタン等の天然ガスをアノード電極の触媒作用に
より、あるいは、アノードに設置された改質触媒の触媒
作用により水素及び一酸化炭素に改質する機能をアノー
ドに持つ内部改質型燃料電池を用いる。In the present invention, a carbonate such as lithium carbonate or potassium carbonate is used as the electrolyte, and the temperature at which it is in a molten state is about 600 ° C.
A molten carbonate operating at ~ 700 ° C is used. This fuel cell has an internal reforming type with the function of reforming natural gas such as methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide by the catalytic action of the anode electrode or by the catalytic action of the reforming catalyst installed on the anode. Use a fuel cell.
アノード６へ供給される燃料ガス（流路２）は、カソ
ード７へ供給される空気と炭酸ガスの混合ガス（流路2
4）と反応する。カソード７では、混合ガスが電子を受
取つて炭酸イオンになり電解質の中に入る。アノード６
では、アノードの触媒作用により燃料ガス（流路２）が
改質され生成する水素と炭酸イオンが反応して炭酸ガス
および水を生成し、電子を放出する。この結果、アノー
ドからカソードへ電子が移動し電流が発生する。The fuel gas (flow path 2) supplied to the anode 6 is a mixed gas of air and carbon dioxide supplied to the cathode 7 (flow path 2).
Reacts with 4). At the cathode 7, the mixed gas receives electrons and becomes carbonate ions, and enters the electrolyte. Anode 6
In this case, the fuel gas (flow path 2) is reformed by the catalytic action of the anode, and the generated hydrogen reacts with the carbonate ions to generate carbon dioxide gas and water, thereby emitting electrons. As a result, electrons move from the anode to the cathode, and a current is generated.
アノードからの排ガス（流路３）の一部は、アノード
６での燃料ガス（流路１）の改質反応に必要な水分を供
給するためにアノード６入口リサイクルされ、流路12を
通つて一部は、触媒バーナ18へ供給される。Part of the exhaust gas (flow path 3) from the anode is recycled to the inlet of the anode 6 to supply water necessary for the reforming reaction of the fuel gas (flow path 1) at the anode 6, and is passed through the flow path 12. A part is supplied to the catalyst burner 18.
カソード７へ供給される酸素は、圧縮機32にで大気を
７〜10kg/cm2に圧縮して形成され、流路22を介して触媒
バーナ18へ供給され、その一部をアノード排ガス17の燃
焼用空気として使用される。Oxygen supplied to the cathode 7 is formed by compressing the atmosphere to 7 to 10 kg / cm 2 by a compressor 32, supplied to the catalyst burner 18 through the flow path 22, and partially converting the anode exhaust gas 17 Used as combustion air.
この際、触媒バーナ18では、 2H2＋O2→2H2O 2CO＋O2→2CO2 の反応が起り、触媒バーナ18からはH2O,CO2及び未燃焼
の酸素，空気中の窒素等が流路19に排出され、カソード
に供給される。カソードへ供給された混合ガスはアノー
ドの燃料ガスと反応する。At this time, a reaction of 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 occurs in the catalyst burner 18, and H 2 O, CO 2, unburned oxygen, air nitrogen, etc. flow from the catalyst burner 18. It is discharged to the passage 19 and supplied to the cathode. The mixed gas supplied to the cathode reacts with the fuel gas of the anode.
カソードからの排ガス（流路26）は、一部をリサイク
ル圧縮機25で昇圧し，カソード７入口へリサイクルす
る。残りのカソードからの排ガス（流路28）は、燃料電
池４の反応温度が約600℃〜800℃反応圧力が６〜10kg/c
m2と高温高圧のため、ガスタービン34にて熱回収され
る。Part of the exhaust gas (flow path 26) from the cathode is pressurized by the recycle compressor 25 and recycled to the cathode 7 inlet. The remaining exhaust gas from the cathode (flow path 28) has a reaction temperature of the fuel cell 4 of about 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. and a reaction pressure of 6 to 10 kg / c.
Due to the high temperature and high pressure of m 2 , heat is recovered by the gas turbine 34.
ガスタービン34での仕事は、一部を圧縮機32駆動動力
として使用され、残りは発電機36にて電気出力を発生さ
せる。A part of the work in the gas turbine 34 is used as driving power for the compressor 32, and the rest generates electric power in the generator 36.
本発明では、ガスタービン34入口に設置の燃焼器29及
び触媒バーナ18及び、触媒バーナ出口ガス43とアノード
出口ガス（流路３）を用いる事により、燃料電池発電シ
ステムの起動を行つている。In the present invention, the fuel cell power generation system is started by using the combustor 29 and the catalyst burner 18 installed at the inlet of the gas turbine 34, the catalyst burner outlet gas 43, and the anode outlet gas (flow path 3).
燃料圧縮機44にて昇圧された燃料は、ガスタービン34
入口に設置される燃焼器29へ、起動用燃料供給流路47,
起動用燃料調整弁46を通り供給される。一方燃料用空気
は、起動用空気供給流路49,起動用空気供給弁48を通
り、燃焼器29へ供給される。The fuel pressurized by the fuel compressor 44 is supplied to the gas turbine 34
To the combustor 29 installed at the inlet, the fuel supply flow path 47 for starting,
The fuel is supplied through the starting fuel regulating valve 46. On the other hand, the fuel air is supplied to the combustor 29 through the starting air supply passage 49 and the starting air supply valve 48.
ガスタービン34が起動し、ガスタービンは無負荷運転
となる。The gas turbine 34 is started, and the gas turbine enters the no-load operation.
燃料電池は、アノード6,カソード７の間に、差圧があ
るとアノード側に供給される燃料ガスとカソード側に供
給される空気と二酸化炭素の混合ガスが直接反応し、燃
料電池としての機能を果さなくなるため、アノードとカ
ソード間の差圧を常に微差圧に保つ事が必要である。こ
の差圧の許容値は典型的には約0.1kg/cm2以下である。In the fuel cell, when there is a pressure difference between the anode 6 and the cathode 7, the fuel gas supplied to the anode side and the mixed gas of air and carbon dioxide supplied to the cathode side directly react, and the fuel cell functions as a fuel cell. Therefore, it is necessary to always keep the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode at a slight pressure difference. The tolerance for this differential pressure is typically less than about 0.1 kg / cm 2 .
アノード6,カソード７間の微差圧を保ちつつ燃料電池
を昇圧する方法として、本発明では、空気調整弁50及び
燃料調整弁45を徐開し、起動用空気調整弁48,起動用燃
料調整弁46を徐閉していく事により行われる。As a method of increasing the pressure of the fuel cell while maintaining a slight differential pressure between the anode 6 and the cathode 7, in the present invention, the air adjusting valve 50 and the fuel adjusting valve 45 are gradually opened, and the starting air adjusting valve 48, the starting fuel adjusting This is performed by gradually closing the valve 46.
発電プラントの昇圧状態では、燃料は、1,2の燃料流
路、アノード6,3,51のアノード出口流路、アノードリサ
イクル圧縮機８、燃料バイパス流路10,15を通り、燃焼
器29へ供給される。In the pressurized state of the power plant, fuel passes through the fuel passages 1 and 2, the anode outlet passages of the anodes 6, 3, and 51, the anode recycle compressor 8, and the fuel bypass passages 10 and 15 to the combustor 29. Supplied.
一方空気は、33,22の空気供給流路、触媒バーナ18、
空気流路24,26,28を通つて燃焼器29へ供給される。On the other hand, air is supplied to 33,22 air supply passages, catalyst burner 18,
The air is supplied to the combustor 29 through the air passages 24, 26, and 28.
燃料電池４の昇温は、ガスタービン34の運転での昇圧
条件が確立したのち行う。触媒バーナ燃料供給弁16を徐
開し触媒バーナ18へ燃料を供給する。触媒バーナ18の燃
料供給量は流路10を介してバイパス流路15を通過する流
量と、流路17の流量との配分をバイパス調整弁11,燃料
調整弁16を制御することにより行う。触媒バーナ出口の
混合ガス出口ガス温度は、触媒バーナをバイパスする流
路20の空気の流量と、触媒バーナへ供給する流路22の空
気流量を制御する事により行う。昇温された混合ガス
は、燃料電池４のカソード７へ送られ、電池の昇温に用
いられる。The temperature rise of the fuel cell 4 is performed after a pressure increasing condition in the operation of the gas turbine 34 is established. The catalyst burner fuel supply valve 16 is gradually opened to supply fuel to the catalyst burner 18. The fuel supply amount of the catalyst burner 18 is distributed between the flow rate passing through the bypass flow path 15 via the flow path 10 and the flow rate of the flow path 17 by controlling the bypass adjustment valve 11 and the fuel adjustment valve 16. The mixed gas outlet gas temperature at the catalyst burner outlet is controlled by controlling the air flow rate in the flow path 20 bypassing the catalyst burner and the air flow rate in the flow path 22 supplied to the catalyst burner. The heated mixed gas is sent to the cathode 7 of the fuel cell 4 and used for raising the temperature of the cell.
アノード６の通過ガス量に比べカソード７の通過ガス
量は、５〜10倍と大きいため、第３図に示す本発明の他
の実施例のように、カソード側を加熱し、熱伝導により
アノードガスを加熱する事も可能であるが、第１図に示
す実施例では、アノードガスの加熱用に、別に起動系統
Ａを設置している。触媒バーナ18の出口の加熱ガスは、
一部をバイパス流路43を通り、バイパス弁42を経て、熱
交換器39へ送られる。一方アノード出口ガスは、バイパ
ス流路33,バイパス弁37を通り、熱交換器39にて、触媒
バーナ18の出口ガス（流路19）と熱交換し昇温する。昇
温されたアノード出口ガス（流路40）は、リサイクル圧
縮機８を通り、アノードリサイクル系統（流路13）を経
てアノード入口へリサイクルされ、アノード入口ガス
（流路２）を昇温する。Since the amount of gas passing through the cathode 7 is 5 to 10 times larger than the amount of gas passing through the anode 6, the cathode side is heated by heat conduction as in the other embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Although it is possible to heat the gas, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a separate starting system A is provided for heating the anode gas. The heating gas at the outlet of the catalyst burner 18 is
A part passes through the bypass flow path 43 and is sent to the heat exchanger 39 via the bypass valve. On the other hand, the anode outlet gas passes through the bypass passage 33 and the bypass valve 37 and exchanges heat with the outlet gas (flow passage 19) of the catalyst burner 18 in the heat exchanger 39 to increase the temperature. The heated anode outlet gas (flow path 40) passes through the recycle compressor 8, is recycled to the anode inlet via the anode recycling system (flow path 13), and raises the temperature of the anode inlet gas (flow path 2).
触媒バーナ入口燃料調整弁16を徐開し、燃料バイパス
弁11を徐閉し、触媒バーナ18の負荷を上昇させる事によ
り昇温が行われる。昇温過程においてアノードリサイク
ル調整弁52を徐開し、バイパス弁37,42を徐閉して熱交
換器39のバイパス運転を切り換える。この切り換え時期
は、本実施例では、燃料電池４の電極５の材料である溶
融炭酸塩が溶融し、電池反応が起こり、電池での発熱作
用により、昇温が進みだす約500℃で切り換えている。The temperature is increased by gradually opening the catalyst burner inlet fuel adjustment valve 16, gradually closing the fuel bypass valve 11, and increasing the load on the catalyst burner 18. During the temperature rise process, the anode recycle adjusting valve 52 is gradually opened, and the bypass valves 37 and 42 are gradually closed to switch the bypass operation of the heat exchanger 39. In this embodiment, the switching time is switched at about 500 ° C. where the molten carbonate, which is the material of the electrode 5 of the fuel cell 4, melts, a cell reaction occurs, and the temperature rises due to the heat generation in the battery. I have.
電池４が定格時の反応温度、本実施例では、平均反応
温度650℃まで昇温が進むと、徐々に燃料圧縮機の負荷
を上昇させ燃料供給弁45を徐開し、燃料調整弁46を徐閉
して、電池への通過ガス量を増やし燃料電池４の負荷を
増加させる。ガスタービン34の通過ガス量は、燃料電池
４のアノード６への燃料供給量に応じて増加し、負荷上
昇，昇圧し定格運転に至る。When the temperature of the battery 4 rises to the rated reaction temperature, in this embodiment, the average reaction temperature 650 ° C., the load on the fuel compressor is gradually increased, the fuel supply valve 45 is gradually opened, and the fuel adjustment valve 46 is opened. The valve is gradually closed to increase the amount of gas passing through the cell and increase the load on the fuel cell 4. The amount of gas passing through the gas turbine 34 increases in accordance with the amount of fuel supplied to the anode 6 of the fuel cell 4, and the load increases and the pressure increases to reach rated operation.
尚、本実施例では、起動方法の一例として、電池が昇
温したのちガスタービン34の負荷を上昇させ昇圧してい
るが、昇温時、触媒バーナへの通過ガス量を増やし、昇
温，昇圧を同時に行う事もできる。In this embodiment, as an example of a start-up method, the load of the gas turbine 34 is increased after the temperature of the battery is increased to increase the pressure. However, when the temperature is increased, the amount of gas passing through the catalyst burner is increased to increase the temperature. The boosting can be performed simultaneously.
本発明によると、燃料電池の昇温，昇圧を、触媒バー
ナの燃焼熱及び、電池の反応熱により行う事ができるた
め、従来の起動方法に比べて、起動用ボイラを削除する
事ができ、例えば25MW級のプラントでは約100M円の建設
費を低減できる。According to the present invention, the temperature rise and pressure rise of the fuel cell can be performed by the combustion heat of the catalyst burner and the reaction heat of the battery, so that the startup boiler can be eliminated as compared with the conventional startup method, For example, a 25MW-class plant can reduce construction costs by about 100M yen.
また、補助ボイラ等の起動装置を用いる場合は、起動
時の燃料の流量のアンバランスは、ボイラで吸収する事
になり、余分にボイラに燃料を供給する分だけ起動損失
が増える事、又燃焼ガス，ボイラ，燃料と間接的に加熱
するため熱ロスが発生する。本発明では、補助燃料使用
量を１回の起動につき約0.5t節約でき、一年に１ケ月定
検として、日々起動停止を行うとすると年に330回の起
動として年間10M円の燃料費節約となる。In addition, when a starting device such as an auxiliary boiler is used, the unbalance of the flow rate of the fuel at the time of starting is absorbed by the boiler, and the starting loss is increased by the amount of fuel supplied to the extra boiler, and the combustion is increased. Heat loss occurs due to indirect heating with gas, boiler and fuel. According to the present invention, the amount of auxiliary fuel used can be reduced by about 0.5 tons per start, and if the start and stop are performed every day as a regular inspection once a year, the fuel cost can be saved by 10M yen per year as 330 starts per year. Becomes
第３図は、本発明の他の実施例を示す。本実施例で
は、燃料電池４の加熱は、カソード７へ供給する混合ガ
スによつて行われ、アノードガスの加熱は電池を通じて
の熱伝導により行うという点に特徴がある。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is characterized in that heating of the fuel cell 4 is performed by a mixed gas supplied to the cathode 7, and heating of the anode gas is performed by heat conduction through the cell.
第１図の実施例に比べて、熱交換器が必要でないた
め、建設コストは小さくなるが、アノードガスは、電池
の熱伝導により加熱する事になり、起動時間は多少長く
なる。Compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, since a heat exchanger is not required, the construction cost is reduced, but the anode gas is heated by the heat conduction of the battery, and the startup time is slightly longer.
本発明によれば、燃料電池の昇温，昇圧を、簡単な燃
焼器と燃料バイパス流路及び燃料電池の燃料ガスを用い
て行う事ができるため、特別の起動装置を設置する必要
がなくなるため、建設コストの低減がはかれる。さらに
は、起動装置を駆動するための補助燃料が削減でき、起
動損失の低減がはかれる。According to the present invention, it is possible to raise and lower the temperature of the fuel cell by using a simple combustor, a fuel bypass passage, and the fuel gas of the fuel cell, so that it is not necessary to install a special starting device. In addition, construction costs can be reduced. Further, auxiliary fuel for driving the starting device can be reduced, and starting loss can be reduced.
第１図は本発明の実施例を説明する図で燃料電池発電プ
ラントの起動系統の構成を示す図、第２図は従来の燃料
電池発電プラントの起動系統の構成を示す図、第３図は
本発明の他の実施例を説明する図で燃料電池発電プラン
トの起動系統を示す図である。 ４……燃料電池、５……電解質、６……アノード、７…
…カソード、８……リサイクル圧縮機、18……触媒バー
ナ、29……燃焼器、34……タービン、39……熱交換器。FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an embodiment of the present invention and shows a configuration of a starting system of a fuel cell power plant, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a starting system of a conventional fuel cell power plant, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention and is a diagram illustrating a starting system of a fuel cell power plant. 4 ... Fuel cell, 5 ... Electrolyte, 6 ... Anode, 7 ...
... Cathode, 8 ... Recycle compressor, 18 ... Catalyst burner, 29 ... Combustor, 34 ... Turbine, 39 ... Heat exchanger.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 工藤 文彦 東京都千代田区神田駿河台４丁目６番地 株式会社日立製作所内 (72)発明者 服部 洋市 日立市幸町３丁目２番１号 日立エンジ ニアリング株式会社内 (72)発明者 杉田 成久 土浦市神立町502番地 株式会社日立製 作所機械研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−165063（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−37673（ＪＰ，Ａ) 「燃料電池と電力貯蔵システム」昭和 60年３月１日発行講談社サイエンティフ ィック編Continued on the front page (72) Fumihiko Kudo 4-6-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoichi Hattori 3-2-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi-shi Hitachi Engineering Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Naruhisa Sugita 502, Kandachi-cho, Tsuchiura City Inside Machinery Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-60-165063 (JP, A) JP-A-60-37673 (JP, A) "Fuel Cell and Electricity Storage System" Published March 1, 1985, Kodansha Scientific
Claims (2)
溶融炭酸塩燃料電池と、前記アノードに燃料を供給する
装置と、ガスタービン及び該ガスタービンにより駆動さ
れる空気圧縮機と、前記アノードからの排ガスの一部を
該アノードの入口に戻すリサイクル系統と、前記ガスタ
ービンの入口に設けられ前記アノードからの排ガスの一
部を前記カソードからの排ガスで燃焼して該ガスタービ
ンに供給する燃焼器と、前記アノードからの排ガスの残
りを前記空気圧縮機からの空気で燃料して前記カソード
に供給する燃焼バーナとを備える燃料電池発電プラント
において、前記燃料の一部を前記燃焼器に直接供給する
燃料バイパス流路と、プラント起動時には前記燃料バイ
パス流路を通し所定量の燃料を前記燃焼器に供給してガ
スタービンを単独運動させ該単独運転後の昇圧運転時に
は該燃料を徐々に減量する第１燃料調整手段と、前記昇
圧運転時に前記アノードに供給する燃料を徐々に増量す
る第２燃料調整手段と、前記昇圧運転時に前記空気圧縮
機からの空気を前記カソードに徐々に増量して供給する
空気調整手段と、前記昇圧運転時に前記アノードからの
排ガスを前記燃焼器にバイパスするバイパス量の調整手
段と、前記昇圧運転後の昇温運転時に前記アノードから
の排ガスの一部を徐々に増量しながら前記燃焼バーナに
供給する第３燃料調整手段とを備えることを特徴とする
燃料電池発電プラント。An internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell having an anode and a cathode, a device for supplying fuel to the anode, a gas turbine and an air compressor driven by the gas turbine, A recycling system for returning a part of the exhaust gas to the inlet of the anode, and a combustor provided at the inlet of the gas turbine and burning a part of the exhaust gas from the anode with the exhaust gas from the cathode to supply the gas turbine. A combustion burner that supplies the remainder of the exhaust gas from the anode with the air from the air compressor and supplies the fuel to the cathode, wherein a part of the fuel is directly supplied to the combustor. When the plant is started, a predetermined amount of fuel is supplied to the combustor through the fuel bypass flow passage at the time of plant startup, and the gas turbine is independently operated. A first fuel adjusting means for gradually decreasing the fuel during the pressure increasing operation after the single operation, a second fuel adjusting means for gradually increasing the fuel supplied to the anode during the pressure increasing operation, Air adjusting means for gradually increasing the amount of air supplied from the air compressor to the cathode, supplying air to the cathode, adjusting the amount of bypass for bypassing exhaust gas from the anode to the combustor during the pressure increasing operation; And a third fuel adjusting means for supplying a portion of the exhaust gas from the anode to the combustion burner while gradually increasing the amount of the exhaust gas during the temperature raising operation.
バーナの高温の排ガスで前記アノードからの排ガスを昇
温させる熱交換器を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池発
電プラント。2. The fuel cell power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger for raising the temperature of the exhaust gas from the anode with the high-temperature exhaust gas of the combustion burner.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60219051A JP2585210B2 (en) | 1985-10-03 | 1985-10-03 | Fuel cell power plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60219051A JP2585210B2 (en) | 1985-10-03 | 1985-10-03 | Fuel cell power plant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6280968A JPS6280968A (en) | 1987-04-14 |
| JP2585210B2 true JP2585210B2 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
Family
ID=16729491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60219051A Expired - Fee Related JP2585210B2 (en) | 1985-10-03 | 1985-10-03 | Fuel cell power plant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2585210B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011012942A1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63298975A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1988-12-06 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Temperature rising device for air cooled fuel cell |
| JPH01225065A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1989-09-07 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Catalytic combustor protection device for fuel cell power generation equipment |
| JP2819598B2 (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1998-10-30 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Multi-stage combustion catalytic combustor |
| JP2665547B2 (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1997-10-22 | 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池発電システム技術研究組合 | Molten carbonate fuel cell system and its control method |
| US5449568A (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-09-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Indirect-fired gas turbine bottomed with fuel cell |
| US5541014A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1996-07-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Indirect-fired gas turbine dual fuel cell power cycle |
| DE102010011559A1 (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell system |
| JP5762068B2 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2015-08-12 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Fuel cell / gas turbine combined power generation system and method for starting the fuel cell |
| JP5836044B2 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2015-12-24 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Gas turbine combined power generation system having high temperature fuel cell and operation method of gas turbine combined power generation system having high temperature fuel cell |
| JP5536165B2 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-07-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Combined power generation system |
| EP4567939A1 (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2025-06-11 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Methods for operating fuel cell systems in connection with start-up of the systems |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58165977U (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-05 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Waste energy recovery equipment |
| JPS60165063A (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1985-08-28 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Fuel cell power generation system |
-
1985
- 1985-10-03 JP JP60219051A patent/JP2585210B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 「燃料電池と電力貯蔵システム」昭和６０年３月１日発行講談社サイエンティフィック編 |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011012942A1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN102473948A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2012-05-23 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN102473948B (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2014-08-13 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| US9406949B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2016-08-02 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6280968A (en) | 1987-04-14 |
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