JP2593794B2 - Formula feed for fish farming - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fish feed for administration at the stage of raising cultured fry, and more particularly to a compound feed for raising fish to which laver powder is added.

[0002] In the terms of feed and feed, the general term of feed is not used, and hereinafter, the case consisting only of natural products is referred to as feed (natural feed), and the other cases are referred to as feed.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fish breeding feed is one of the indispensable components in the process of rearing and growing fish, and fish meal has been used as a protein source in the feed administered at the stage of fry.

[0004] Under these circumstances, it has been clarified that the physiological condition is improved by administering a mixed feed obtained by adding algae such as Aosa and Ascofilm from Northern Europe to a fish feed.

[0005] For this reason, there is a tendency to increase the compound feed obtained by adding seaweed powder to fish meal, but most seaweed raw materials are foreign natural products, and at present, they rely on imports in terms of procurement costs. is there.

[0006]

However, the algae-added feed using Aosa, Kombu, Ascofilm, Chlorella extract and the like has limitations in practical use such as economic efficiency and use amount. In addition, there is a concern that environmental destruction will progress when the use of natural seaweed raw materials is generalized. By the way, it is a popular seaweed in Japan
There is nori (edible paste), and both production and consumption are industrial
It has a solid scale. Most of the raw material paste is nourished
It is a breeding, shipped to a glue processing factory and commercialized,
In the process of processing, we can not recognize many wastes and commercial value
Unnecessary glue of low quality is produced as a by-product and incinerated.
It has been done. And the use destination of these Kuzunori etc.
There was no such thing.

[0006] By the way, seaweed is a popular seaweed in Japan, and its production and consumption have a firm industrial scale. Most of the raw glue is aquaculture, which is shipped to a glue processing plant and commercialized, but in the process of processing, many scraps and unnecessary low-quality glue that has not been recognized as a commercial product are produced as by-products and incinerated. And so on. And there was no such thing in the use destination of these Kuzunori. Of course, no examples have been found in which glue is used as the algae additive in the fish feed described above.

[0007] Under these circumstances, the present inventor has paid attention to the use of Kuzunori or the like as a raw material for fish culture feed (feed additive), and has conducted research on its effectiveness including comparison with conventional algae-added feed. Has been repeated. The inventors have completed and disclosed an invention having extremely beneficial effects on the growth of fish farming and the improvement of physiological conditions.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and solves the above-mentioned problems, by adding and preparing glue powder to feed as an effective use destination of Kuzunori, which is an unused resource, to grow fish culture, It is an object of the present invention to provide a compound feed for raising fish that is effective in improving physiological conditions and has a high economic effect.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a compound feed for breeding fish to be administered at the stage of cultivating fry, wherein a glue powder is added to a mixture of a natural feed and an artificial feed. And prepared. Here, the addition ratio of the glue powder in the feed composition is at least 1% by weight or more.

The glue powder is obtained by crushing low-quality glue, such as kudzu nori, which is a by-product in the gluing process.
At present, it may be what was subject to disposal.

[0011]

The administration of the compound feed for raising fish of the present invention increases the protein assimilation rate, which is an index of fish growth,
Triglyceride, which is an accumulated lipid of muscle, liver and abdominal adipose tissue, which is an index of taste evaluation, increases.

The glue component in the feed improves dryness tolerance, hypoxia tolerance and liver function, and effectively acts to improve the soundness of fish farming.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The feed of the present invention was used as a test to examine the growth, feed effect, stress tolerance, and liver function of the 0 year old red sea bream fish as indices of effectiveness. Then, the evaluation of the effectiveness was verified by comparing the feed with no algae as a control group with the Nori group of the present invention and the Aosa section of the conventional example.

The results will be described in the following order. 1. 1. Materials and Methods [Testing of Differences in Biological Properties and Biochemical Analyzes of Test Fish Feed Breeding and Growing Fish] 2. Results and discussion Conclusion (summary)

1. Materials and methods Test fish Transferred red sea bream produced by the Hiroshima Prefectural Fisheries Association (Takehara City) to the Fisheries Laboratory attached to the Faculty of Bioproduction, Hiroshima University. After 5 days of preliminary breeding, July 26 (86 days after hatching) It was subjected to a feeding test. The breeding was divided into eight 1-ton Panlight aquariums, and 200 red sea bream red bream, averaging 2.1 g per tank, were housed in each of 200 fish and bred for 41 days. Water temperature during breeding period is 22.2 ℃ to 2
At 6.5 ° C, the water exchange rate is 0.5 t / h, and the number of feedings is 4 per day.
Times (7:00, 10:00, 14:00, 17:00).

Feed Composition of the feed is shown in Table 1. The control group feed was minced frozen frozen locust and frozen krill, and mixed feed with 2: 1:
It was prepared by adding at a ratio of 3. In the Nori group and Aosa group, 5% of the control group was replaced with algal powder.

[0017]

[Table 1]

Nori powder is available from Yamaiso Corporation (the present applicant).
Was obtained by using an ultracentrifugal crusher (Mitamura Riken Kogyo KK). As the Aosa powder, aosa collected in the Chukai port of Takehara city in April was dried and powdered with an ultracentrifugal crusher in the same manner as described above.

Rearing / Growing Indices such as growth and feed efficiency were calculated by the following methods (1) to (4). In order to examine the ability of stored lipids to mobilize energy, changes were observed after 10 days of fasting after the end of the feeding test. (1) Feed efficiency [%] = (corrected weight gain / feed amount) × 10
0 where corrected weight gain = (total weight at end + total weight of dead fish + estimated amount of unknown fish)-initial gross weight estimated amount of unknown fish = ｛(average weight at end + initial average weight) /
2｝ × number of unknown fish (2) Protein efficiency = corrected weight gain / intake protein amount (3) Protein assimilation rate [%] = ｛(correction muscle protein amount−starting muscle protein amount) / intake protein amount｝
× 100 (4) Daily growth rate [% / day] = ｛(log _e W ₂ −log _e
W ₁ ) / breeding period｝ × 100 where W ₁ : initial average weight; W ₂ : average weight at end

Biological Properties of Fish Body weight, body length, abdominal adipose tissue (hereinafter referred to as IPF) weight and muscle weight were measured for 30 fish in each section, and the following items (1) to (4) were calculated. . (1) Obesity degree = (weight / body length ³ ) × 100 (2) Specific liver weight [%] = (liver weight / body weight) × 100 (3) IPF ratio [%] = (IPF tissue weight / body weight) × 1
00 (4) Muscle ratio [%] = (muscle weight / body weight) × 100

Biochemical analysis For general analysis of fish, five fish were killed from each section, stored at -20 ° C, and thawed as needed for analysis. Water and ash were quantified by a conventional method, and crude protein was quantified by the Kjeldahl method. For extraction of lipids, a mixed solution of methanol and chloroform (2: 1, v / v) was used. Liver glycogen was measured by the Anthrone method. The lipid class composition of muscle, liver and IPF was determined using Iatroscan TH-10 manufactured by Jatron. For analysis of muscle nucleic acids, they were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ° C until analysis.

Activity test After the feeding test, fish of almost the same size are arbitrarily selected from each section.
Take out 50 fish and leave them under no feeding for 24 hours.
The test of (3) was provided. From the point in time when the fish lost equilibrium due to the following processing and entered the recumbent state, the point in time when swimming started again was regarded as a recovery state.

(1) Drying test in the air 20 fish in each section were dried in the air for 5 minutes and then returned to seawater.
The time elapsed until recovery was measured.

(2) Liver Function Test The recovery time from anesthesia with 2-Phenoxyethanol was compared as an index of liver function. Take 20 fish from each ward, 0.1% 2-
Anesthesia was performed by immersing in Phenoxyethanol solution for 30 seconds. It was returned to seawater again, and the elapsed time until recovery from the anesthesia state (ratio of starting swimming from rollover) was measured.

(3) Hypoxic tolerance test Ten fish from each plot were saturated with dissolved oxygen in a 3 l beaker (water temperature
(26 ° C, 37% salinity), and the number of overturned tails, elapsed time, and dissolved oxygen content (%) were measured.

Test for Difference The test for the difference in each test section was performed using Duncan's Multiple Range Tes.
According to t, the change due to fasting was performed by the t-test, and the limit of the significant difference was p <0.05.

2. Results and discussion The feeding condition of the algae-added section was more active than that of the control section, and in particular, the feeding of the nori section was more active.

Table 2 shows the rearing results. Algae-added plots, such as growth, survival rate, feed utilization, etc., tended to be higher than control plots in all fields. The glue group showed significantly higher values of the protein assimilation rate, weight gain and daily growth rate than the control group, indicating that the addition of glue had an effect on the effective utilization of feed protein.

[0030]

[Table 2]

Table 3 shows the biological properties. The Nori group showed significantly higher values in all items than the Control group. In the glue-added group, an increase in muscle ratio in addition to growth means an increase in edible parts. The liver and IPF are inedible parts for fish farming, but in healthy physiological conditions, an increase in these items means an increase in stored energy due to effective use of feed,
In particular, it is an indispensable condition for seedlings for release.

[0032]

[Table 3]

Table 4 shows the analysis values of muscle, liver and IPF. There was no noticeable difference between muscles in each section,
Lipids tended to increase slightly with the addition of algae. The lipid content of the liver and the IPF varied greatly between individuals, and no significant difference was observed. The liver glycogen level tended to increase with the addition of algae, and the Nori group showed a particularly significant value. Glycogen accumulation in the liver, like lipid accumulation, means an increase in energy storage.

[0034]

[Table 4]

Table 5 shows the fish weight of triglyceride (TG), which is a lipid accumulated in muscle, liver and IPF.
Shows the amount per 00g. The muscle TG amount in the algae-added group was higher than that in the control group, while the TG amount in IPF tended to be lower. The addition of glue significantly increased the amount of TG accumulated in the muscle compared to the control group. Muscle lipid content is an item that greatly affects taste, and natural fish is seasonally rich in fat. Muscle lipid increased by the application of glue
It is considered that the feed was effectively assimilated into fish.

After the fasting test, muscle TG was higher in the Nori and Aosa sections, and no difference was observed in the TG levels of liver and IPF in each section. During the 10-day fast, TG of IPF was hardly consumed, and TG mainly in muscle tended to be used preferentially. The decrease in muscle lipids due to fasting was particularly remarkable in the Nori group where the amount of TG in the muscle was large.

[0037]

[Table 5]

Table 6 shows the biological properties when the animals were kept fasted for 10 days after the feeding test. No significant difference in body weight was observed after a 10-day fast, but the fasting caused significant differences in body length and body weight between the control group and the algae-added group. After fasting, the muscle ratio and the specific liver weight were significantly higher in the Aosa group and the IPF ratio was significantly higher in the Nori group and the Aosa group than in the control group. Ten
The fasting for a day resulted in a large decrease in specific liver weight.

Table 7 shows the chemical components of muscle, liver and IPF after the fasting test. There was no significant interval difference between muscle proteins and lipids, but a slightly higher tendency was observed in the algae-added group. The water content was significantly lower in the glue group than in the control group, and the liver lipid showed a higher value in the glue group. Although there was no interval difference in glycogen content, it was almost consumed by fasting, and the marked difference before fasting disappeared. Especially,
Liver glycogen in the Nori group decreased significantly. The IPF lipid in the algae-added group after fasting showed a significantly lower value than the control group.

[0040]

[Table 6]

[0041]

[Table 7]

Table 8 shows the amounts of muscle proteins and nucleic acids.
No interval difference was observed between the protein amount and the DNA amount, but the RNA amount in the Nori group was significantly higher than that in the control group.
The significant increase in the RNA / DNA ratio, an indicator of protein synthesis ability, with the addition of glue is consistent with improved growth. Protein / D is an indicator of cell size
The NA ratio indicates that the glue group tends to be high and the size of the muscle fiber is large.

[0043]

[Table 8]

FIG. 1 shows the results of an aerial drying test in which the effect of glue administration on the recovery of red sea bream from drying was examined. Here, the time required for recovery after returning to seawater after drying out for 5 minutes is shown.

After 5 minutes of drying, all fish roll over,
After returning to the oxygen-saturated seawater, it gradually recovered from the recumbent state. In 1 minute, almost half of the fish started swimming in the Nori section, but the recovery in the control section and Aosa section was slow. The recovery time from lying down was shortened by the addition of glue. Test fish
Among the 20 fish, 11 fish died in the control plot and 8 fish died in the Aosa plot, but no fat fish in the Nori plot.

FIG. 2 shows the results of a liver function test in which the effect of glue administration on the improvement of liver function in red sea bream was examined. The liver function test was a test of recovery from anesthesia with 0.1% 2-Phenoxyethanol solution.
Anesthesia with noxyethanol solution for 30 seconds, the fish returned to seawater, and the time when swimming was resumed is shown.

Anesthetized state was entered by immersing the red sea bream in the anesthetic solution for 30 seconds, but when it was returned to fresh seawater, it recovered linearly. The administration of Nori and Aosa tended to slightly accelerate the recovery time compared to the control group. After the treatment, 100% of the 20 test fish recovered in Nori, but 4 died in the control and 1 died in Aosa.

Table 9 shows the results of air drying and 0.1% 2-Phenoxyethano.
Shows the rate of recovery from anesthesia with liquid l. The algae-added plot showed higher recovery rates in both tests than the control plot, especially in the Nori plot.
It showed a 100% recovery rate.

[0049]

[Table 9]

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the results of the low oxygen tolerance test for red sea bream. Here, FIG. 3 shows the effect of the application of glue on hypoxia tolerance, and shows the time until the fish placed in a sealed state rolls over. FIG. 4 shows the effect of glue administration on oxygen deficiency tolerance. This is a study and shows the dissolved oxygen amount when the fish rolls over in a closed state.

The fish placed in a closed state consumed dissolved oxygen and gradually rolled over due to lack of oxygen. In the control group, the number of fish that rolled over rapidly increased after 22 minutes, and all the fish rolled over within 25 minutes, whereas in the algae-administered group, all the fish were lying down after 28 minutes. In the control group, even though there was relatively high dissolved oxygen, rollover due to lack of oxygen was observed, whereas in the algae-added group, it was considered that less dissolved oxygen was effectively used,
Improvement of hypoxia tolerance by the administration of algae was confirmed.

Loads such as aerial drying and low oxygen are inevitable during the aquaculture process, and their resistance to stress is deeply involved in production. Drying tolerance, hypoxia tolerance and liver function, which are indicators of stress tolerance, were improved by the administration of glue.

Regarding the amount of glue added to the compound feed, the above-mentioned 5% by weight is considered as a suitable addition ratio.
At least 1% by weight from previous Aosa tests
It is thought that up to about 10% is possible. In practical use, the price may be determined in consideration of the price of the raw material and fish meal and the like.

From the fact that the glue obtained better results than the effect obtained with Aosa, the addition of discarded Kuzunori to the feed reduces the feeding cost by saving the feed protein during the intermediate growing. In addition, the effect can be expected for the improvement of the yield.

The glue targeted in the present invention is a glutinous by-product or a low-grade glue by-produced in the process of processing, and is currently incinerated. If it is used for fish farming feed, it can effectively use unused resources. Will be used.

The active ingredients of glue found in one embodiment of the present invention have not been examined until the active ingredient is specified (they can be analyzed in detail in the future. The ingredient analysis of the glue used has already been completed). However, the description of the test report is omitted.) It is considered that this is due to the synergistic action of a plurality of components common to algae. Therefore, the same effect as that obtained in the embodiment of the present invention can be expected even in the paste after the harvest time.

[0057]

The present invention has the above-described structure, and has the following advantageous effects. (1) Protein assimilation is improved and growth is improved, lipid metabolism is improved, and the ability to store energy and mobilize stored lipids is enhanced. Furthermore, resistance to stressors and liver function are increased.

(2) The effect of the addition of glue is more effective than that of conventional AOSA, and can be applied to a compound feed for breeding all fish species. In addition, since the Kuzunori that has been discarded can be used, the economic effect is high, and it can be expected to contribute to industrial development such as developing new markets as an effective destination of Kuznori, which is an unused resource.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a data plot of a recovery rate VS a recovery time in an air drying test according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a data plot of the recovery rate vs. recovery time in the liver function test.

FIG. 3 is a data plot of the rollover rate VS elapsed time in the low oxygen tolerance test.

FIG. 4 is a data plot of dissolved oxygen VS rollover fish count in the hypoxia tolerance test.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] The present invention relates to a fish feed that is administered during the rearing stage of cultured fry, which is related to growth, lipid metabolism, stress tolerance and liver function of the fry.
Glue powder is used as a feed additive to improve physiological conditions
A mixed feed for raising fish, which is prepared by adding glue powder to a mixture of natural feed and artificial feed.
In the composition, the ratio of the glue powder added is 1% by weight
A formula feed for raising fish farms, which is prepared at 0% by weight or less . Wherein laver powder is obtained by pulverizing a low quality grade laver Kuzunori like by-produced in glue machining process claims
The combined feed for fish farming according to 1 above .