JP2597451B2 - Information recording and playback method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to recording information on a write-once information recording medium such as an optical card, it relates to an information recording and reproducing how <br/> to play.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, as write-once type information recording carriers, optical disks and optical cards for optically recording information have been known. When recording and reproducing data on such a record carrier, the data is generally managed for each file. To manage the file data, auxiliary data, that is, a directory is used. The directory information is usually file information such as a file name, a file length, and a first track, and is written on a part of the record carrier.
By the way, when a defect occurs in a part of the record carrier and an area in which recording and reproduction are impossible occurs, the same information is again written to an area instead of the defective area (hereinafter referred to as a replacement area) in order to rescue the area. A replacement process for recording is being performed. As this information recording method, there is a method of recording defect information included in directory information as proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-243994.

However, in the above information recording method, 1
When there are many tracks in which a recording error has occurred in one file, not all error track numbers can be recorded in one directory, which causes a problem in management of file data.

The inventor of the present invention has previously filed an application for an information recording / reproducing method which solves the above problems as Japanese Patent Application No. 4-83055. Hereinafter, this information recording / reproducing method will be described. First, FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of an information recording / reproducing device used in the information recording / reproducing method . In FIG. 10, reference numeral 31 denotes a recording / reproducing apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as a drive) that records and reproduces information on the write-once optical card 1 as an information recording medium. The drive 31 is connected to a host computer 32 which is a higher-level control device.
Recording information based on instructions from the host computer 32,
Perform playback. Reference numeral 37 denotes a motor for introducing the optical card 1 into the drive 31 by a transport mechanism (not shown), causing the optical card 1 to reciprocate in the R direction by a predetermined drive, and further ejecting the optical card 1 out of the apparatus. Reference numeral 38 denotes a light beam irradiating optical system including a light source, which scans a light beam spot on the optical card 1 at the time of information recording and information reproduction. Reference numeral 39 denotes a photodetector which receives reflected light from a light beam spot on the optical card 1.

Reference numeral 40 denotes a part of the light beam irradiation optical system 38, which moves the focus position of the light beam spot on the surface of the optical card 1 in the Z direction, that is, the direction perpendicular to the optical card surface, to thereby perform auto-focusing (AF). An AF actuator 41 performs a part of the light beam irradiation optical system 38 to move the light beam spot on the optical card surface in the Y direction, that is, the direction orthogonal to both the R direction and the Z direction. This is an AT actuator for performing auto tracking (AT). The light beam irradiation optical system 38, the light detector 39,
The optical head 50 is configured by integrating the AF actuator 40 and the AT actuator 41 and the like. Reference numeral 36 denotes a drive motor for moving the optical head 50 in the Y direction to access the light beam spot to a desired track on the optical card 1.

Reference numeral 33 denotes an MPU having a built-in ROM and RAM, which controls a card feed motor 37 and a head feed motor 36, and performs data communication and control with the host computer 32 under the control of the host computer 32.
The AT / AF control circuit 34 receives the signal of the photodetector 39, and controls the AF actuator 40, the AT actuator 41
To control focusing and tracking.
In this case, the output of the photodetector 39 is output to the AT / AF control circuit 3
4, and the control circuit 34 controls the AF actuator 40 and the AT actuator 41 based on the input to control the AF and the AT. The output of the photodetector 39 is also output to the modulation / demodulation circuit 35, where the read information is demodulated and the demodulated signal is sent to the MPU 33. The modulation / demodulation circuit 35 modulates the information signal sent from the MPU 33, drives the light beam irradiation optical system 38 in accordance with the modulation signal, executes information recording, and at the time of reproduction, data based on the signal of the photodetector 39. Demodulate. Host computer 3
2 transmits / receives data to / from the drive 31 and the optical card 1
To instruct recording and reproduction of information for each data track.
Generally, the optical card 1 has a high error rate due to the nature of the medium, and requires error correction means when high reliability information is required.

Next, an information recording / reproducing method of the above-mentioned prior application will be described. FIG. 11 shows a recording surface of an optical card used in the information recording / reproducing method , where 1 is an optical card, 2 is a data area, and 3 is a directory area. S-1 ~
S-18 is a sector, a hatched sector is a sector in which an error has occurred in verification after recording, F1 and F2 are files composed of a plurality of sectors, and D1 to D3 are directories. Further, here, an address indicating a sector position of a data area divided into a plurality of sectors is referred to as a physical address for convenience. The physical addresses are counted in order from the top. In FIG. 11, S-1, S-2, and S-3 are 1, 2, and 3 of the physical addresses, respectively. On the other hand, as a result of verification after recording, only a sector that can be normally recorded is referred to as a logical address for convenience. This logical address is counted sequentially from the top, and in FIG.
1 is a logical address of 1, S-2 is 2, and S-5 is 3, and the logical addresses are determined in the same manner.

[0008] The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-243994 is disclosed.
In Japanese Patent Application No. 4-83055, the information on defective sectors generated during data recording is recorded in a directory. FIG. 12 is a diagram conceptually showing defect information in the directory information of the information (files F1 and F2) on the optical card 1 shown in FIG. D1 is directory information corresponding to the file F1, in which physical addresses 3 and 4 are recorded as defective sectors as indicated by oblique lines. D2 and D3 are directory information of the file F2, and have physical addresses 9, 11, 12, 14, 1
6 and 17 are indicated by oblique lines, and these addresses are all defective sectors. FIG. 12 also shows the correspondence between physical addresses and logical addresses.

FIG. 13A shows a format of a user directory used in the information recording / reproducing method .
(B) is a diagram showing a format of a system directory. Hereinafter, these directory formats will be described. The header is used to identify a user directory or a system directory, and DIRU or DIRS is written in ASCII code. The system directory number is a serial number common to the system directory and the user directory, and the user directory number is a serial number applied only to the user directory. The start logical sector address and the number of management logical sectors indicate the head logical address of the logical area managed by the directory and the size of the area. The start physical sector address and the number of management physical sectors indicate the start physical address of the physical area managed by the directory and the size of the area.

The defect list is a list for representing defect information composed of a defect start address, which is the head physical address of the defective sector, and the number of consecutive defective sectors. This recording method is very effective because it requires only a small number of bytes for burst defects. In the user directory, three defect lists 1 to 3 can be recorded, and in the system directory, defect lists 1 to 11 can be recorded. The user directory data is recorded only in the user directory, and includes information such as a file name and a file size.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of a file data recording process in the information recording / reproducing method . Here, as an example, 4 shown in FIG.
It is assumed that data of a file F2 having a capacity for a sector is recorded. In FIG. 14, it is assumed that a recording request is issued from the host computer 32 to the drive 31 and the data of the file F2 is transmitted. This data is sent to the MPU 33 of the drive 31, and the MPU 33
Then, before recording data, a physical address and a logical address at which recording is started are stored in its internal memory (S1).
And S2). In this example, as apparent from FIG. 11, the start physical address is address 9 and the start logical address is address 7. Next, the MPU 33 controls each unit to record data in the sector at the address 9 (S-9) of the target physical address,
Immediately thereafter, the recorded data is reproduced to perform verification (S
3).

When the verification is completed, the MPU 33 determines whether or not the data has been normally recorded (S
4) In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, since the address 9 of the physical address is a defective sector, a verify error is naturally detected. Therefore, when a verify error is detected, the MPU 33 stores the address of the defective sector in which the error occurred in the memory (S5), then increments the target physical address by one (S6), and returns to S3.
Return to Then, in S3, the data is re-recorded at the next physical address, address 10, and the data is verified. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, since the address 10 of the physical address is a normal sector, no verify error is detected. The MPU 33 assigns a logical address to the normally written sector, and increments the logical address by one for the next data recording (S7),
Also, the physical address is incremented by one in preparation for the next data recording (S8). The MPU 33 determines whether all the data of the requested file F2 has been recorded (S
9) If the recording has not been completed, the process returns to S3 and the same processing is repeated. When it is confirmed that the data of all the files F2 has been recorded, the host computer 32 is notified of the end of the recording, and the recording process is terminated.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a directory recording method in the information recording / reproducing method .
Recording of this directory is executed after recording all data of the file F2. Further, FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the contents of a directory when recording the directory in accordance with Figure 15. First, in FIG. 15, the MPU 33 creates a defect list and sector management information based on the defective sector address, the start recording physical address, the last recording physical address, the start recording logical address, and the last recording logical address stored in the memory ( S1). The information such as the defective sector address stored in the memory is the information stored when the information was recorded as described above. The defect list is created prior to the user directory record and can be up to 3
Are created. FIG. 16B shows the defect list and sector management information created at this time. In FIG. 16C, for example, the start logical sector address is 7, and the start physical sector address is 9. The defect list 1 has a defect start address of 9, the number of continuous defect sectors is 1, the defect list 2 has a defect start address of 11, the number of continuous defect sectors is 2, the defect list 3 has a defect start address of 14, and the number of continuous defect sectors. Is 1
It is. Since the maximum number of defect lists that can be recorded in the user directory is three, the defect list of the defect start address 16 shown in FIG. 16 has not been created.

Thus, the MPU 33 records the user directory including the defect list and the sector management information shown in FIG. 16B on the optical card 1 (S2). Here, if all of the defect information and the sector management information for the file F2 can be recorded in the user directory, the directory recording process ends. That is, it is determined whether or not a defect list remains (S3), and if not, the process ends. Here, as described above, since the defect list that has not been recorded remains, an unrecorded defect list and sector management information are created (S4), and the system directory is recorded based on the defect list and the sector management information (S5). The MPU 33 repeats the processing of S3 to S5 until there is no more defect information in the file F2, and ends the processing when all the information is recorded. FIG. 16C shows the system directory recorded in this manner, and it can be seen that a defect list and sector management information relating to the remaining defective sector addresses 16 are recorded. Here, since the number of remaining defective sectors is one, FIG.
As shown in (c), only the defect list 1 (defect start address 16 and the number of consecutive defective sectors 1) relating thereto is recorded. However, as described above, up to 11 defect lists can be recorded in the system directory. FIG.
FIG. 12A shows the contents of the system directory when the data of the file F1 shown in FIG. 11 is recorded. Since there are two defective sectors in the file F1, which are continuous, only the defect list 1 (defect start address 3, continuous defective sector number 2) is recorded as shown in FIG. . Therefore, since the number of defect lists is three or less, only the user directory is recorded, and the system directory is not recorded. Information recording and playback above
According to the method, when the defect information of the file data cannot be recorded in the first directory, all the defect information of the file data can be recorded by writing the remaining defect information in the second directory, and the management of the file data can be performed. There is an effect that it can be performed without any trouble.

In the information recording / reproducing method as described above, when the host computer accesses the information recording / reproducing apparatus by designating a logical address, first, the entire directory is read and the defect list is read. Must be stored in memory. Therefore, a process for reading data by converting a logical address to a physical address in response to the access from the host computer will be described with reference to FIG. Here, as an example, a process when reproducing the data at the logical address 6 shown in FIG. 11 will be described. In FIG. 17, first, a defect counter Cnt for counting defective sectors is initialized to 0, and a defect list number Ptr is initialized to 1 (S1). Next, it is checked whether or not the number of consecutive defects in the defect list number Ptr is 0 (S2). If it is 0, it is determined that there is no defect list, and the process proceeds to S6. On the other hand, if the number of consecutive defects is not 0, it is determined that a defect list exists, and the defect counter Cnt (= 0) starts from the defect start address (= 3) of the defect list.
Is compared with the given logical sector address 6 (S3). In this case, Bad_A (Pt) on the right side of S3
r) -Cnt is a logical address corresponding to the physical address next to the defective sector shown in the defect list 1. This is physical sector 5 and corresponds to logical address 3.
Accordingly, in S3, since the given logical address 6 is larger, the number of consecutive defects 2 in the defect list 1 is added to Cnt (S4), and the defect list number Ptr is incremented (S5). The above processing is processing for determining to which area a physical address to be obtained belongs among physical areas divided by the defect list. When the processing of S5 ends,
Returning to S2, the same processing is executed. In this case, S
In step 2, since the next defect list 2 exists, the processing in step S3 is executed again.
The defect start address in the defect list 2 is 9. Accordingly, since the right side of S3 is 7, the process proceeds to S6 to calculate the physical address. The physical address is Cnt =
2. Since the given logical address is 6, it becomes 8.

[0016]

As described above, when reproducing data by converting a logical address into a physical address in response to access from the host computer, it is necessary to sequentially inspect the defect list. Requires that the entire defect list be stored in the memory as described above. For example, if the number of optical card tracks is 2500 and 1
If the maximum number of sectors in a track is 16, the maximum number of sectors of the entire optical card is 40,000. Therefore, if the defect list is expressed by a total of 4 bytes, ie, the starting defect sector address of 2 bytes and the number of consecutive defective sectors of 2 bytes, the maximum number of defect lists is 20,000 (16 sectors × 2500) assuming that there is a defect in each sector. Track # 2) becomes a list. Therefore, the memory capacity that must be ensured by the MPU is 80000 bytes (80 kbytes) of 20000 lists × 4 bytes. As described above, conventionally, when the defect list is stored in the memory, there is a problem that the memory has a large capacity.

[0017] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and aims to significantly reduce the memory capacity, to provide an information recording reproducing how you like reduce the size and cost of the apparatus It was done.

[0018]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to
Sectors are arranged regularly, and their position is assigned to each sector.
The physical address shown is the address counted from the top in the order of arrangement.
Write-once information record carrier provided with the
Record data and read data from the record carrier
A recording / reproducing device, a host computer, and a memory
The recording / reproducing device based on an instruction from the host computer.
A microprocessor for controlling the location,
While recording file data on the body, the record carrier
Record directory data including information on defective sectors
A method for managing the recording and playback of file data.
The plurality of sectors based on the directory data.
Of the sectors, only sectors excluding defective sectors are
Logical sector represented as an address counted as a physical sector
In the information recording and reproducing method for conversion,
The processor stores the directory data read from the record carrier.
Data of the record carrier in the memory based on the data
The physical address corresponds to one bit, and
Whether the sector at the physical address is a defective sector by value
And bits corresponding to n physical addresses are
Defect bitmap consisting of m blocks each containing
And the block for each block of the defective bitmap.
Index table that shows the number of defective sectors in the disk
And a logical address from the host computer.
Is specified, the microprocessor causes the defect
The specified logical address is based on the index table.
The bit of the physical address corresponding to the
Search for which block on the
The logical address specified from the lock bit string is
This is achieved by an information recording / reproducing method characterized by converting into a dress .

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the information recording / reproducing apparatus used in this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 10, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. Also, essentially the information recording and reproducing method, the prior application of the information recording re described in FIGS. 11 to 16
Since this is the same as the production method , a detailed description thereof will be omitted here. FIG. 2 is a diagram collectively showing all the defect lists in the directory shown in FIG. 16 as an example. There are five defect lists in total, and the defect start address and the number of continuous defects are shown for each defect list. The total number of defects is 8 which is the sum of the number of continuous defects. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a defect bit map and a defect index table used for converting a logical address into a physical address. here,
FIG. 17 shows a defect bitmap and a defect index table when the directory shown in FIG. 16 is expanded in a memory. One piece of defect information of the defect bit map is composed of one byte (8 bits), and one bit of one byte of the memory corresponds to one physical sector. That is, it is configured to record defect information for 8 sectors with 1-byte information.

The number of physical sectors managed by the defective bit map is recorded as the number of expanded physical sectors. Further, in the defect bitmap, the number of physical sectors of the sector management information recorded on the optical card as a directory is recorded as the number of management information recorded physical sectors. Information on the physical sectors obtained by subtracting the number of management information recorded physical sectors from the number of expanded physical sectors is recorded as sector management information at the next directory recording. The number of expanded logical sectors is a number obtained by subtracting the number of defective sectors from the number of expanded physical sectors. Further, the number of logical sectors of the sector management information recorded on the optical card as a directory is recorded as the number of management information recorded logical sectors in the defect bitmap.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing bytes 0 to 3 of the defective bit map shown in FIG. 3 in detail. In this example, “0” indicates a normal physical sector, and “1” indicates a defect.
Bits 0 to 7 of byte 0 indicate whether or not physical sectors 0 to 7 are defective. Here, bits 3 and 4 are “1”, so physical sectors 3 and 4 are defective sectors. Bits 0 to 7 of byte 1 indicate whether 8 to 15 of the physical sector are defective, and bits 0 to 7 of byte 2 indicate 16 to 2 of the physical sector.
3 indicates whether it is a defect or not. Each "1" sector is a defective sector. The correspondence between the physical sector and the defect bitmap is obtained by the following equation. First, the byte position can be calculated by the following equation. However, the calculation is performed in the integer range.

[0022]

(Physical address) ア ド レ ス 8 (1) The bit position is calculated by the following equation. The calculation is performed in the integer range, and% is an operator for calculating the remainder of the quotient.

[0023]

(Physical address)% 8 (2) For example, in the defect list 5 shown in FIG.
And the physical sector 17 are defective, and the position in the corresponding defective bit map is obtained by the formulas (1) and (2) as follows. First, in the case of the physical sector 16, 16 ÷ 8
= 2, 16% 8 = 0, so the position to be found is byte 2, bit 0. In the case of the physical sector 17,
Since 17 ÷ 8 = 2 and 17% 8 = 1, the position to be obtained is byte 2 and bit 1.

Here, the defect index table shown in FIG. 3 will be described. First, the defect index byte IDX (i) in the figure indicates the number of defects from the physical address (i × 128) to the physical address (i × 128 + 127). Here, i represents the position of the defect index byte in the defect index table. In other words, the defect index table divides the defect bitmap into 16-byte blocks, and stores the number of bits "1" in one block, that is, the number of defective sectors in 128 sectors, in bytes. For example, IDX
(0) indicates the number of defects at physical addresses 0 to 127. The correspondence between the physical address and the defect index byte is obtained by the following equation. That is, the defect index byte position i is

[0025]

I = (physical address) ÷ 128 (3) The calculation is performed in the integer range.

In this embodiment, the number of sectors of the entire optical card is set to 16384, and the maximum number of physical sectors n in the horizontal direction of the defect bit map shown in FIG.
There are eight (8 bits × 16). That is, by doing so, the unit search time Ti of the defect index table (the processing time of S2 to S4 in FIG. 1 described later) and the unit search time Tb of the defect bitmap (the processing time of S6 to S9 in FIG. 1) are the same. 16384 of the last sector
The maximum number of physical sectors is determined as described above so that the search time up to the second physical sector (the physical address is 16383) is the shortest. Therefore, in order to shorten the search time of the defect information, the maximum number n of the physical sectors in the horizontal direction in the defect bitmap and the number m in the vertical direction in the defect index table are determined by the following equations (4) and (5). It is desirable.

[0027]

Tb × n = Ti × m (4)

[0028]

N × m = total number of sectors (5) Next, when the host computer 32 instructs the drive 31 to read data, a logical address is specified as position information to be reproduced as described above. Is done. At this time, the drive 31 reads all the directories of the optical card before reading the data, develops the sector management information into the defect bit map and the defect index table shown in FIG. 3, and then converts the logical address into a physical address. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing when a logical address is converted into a physical address using the defect bit map and the defect index table and data is read.

In FIG. 1, first, when a logical address is specified by the host computer 32, the MPU 33 converts variables i,
The temp is initialized (S1). The variable i indicates the position in the defect index table, that is, the vertical order of the defect index table, as described above.
Represents the sum of defective sectors in the defect index table. When the initialization is completed, a process is performed to find out which block of the defective bitmap has the specified logical sector (S2 to S4). First, the number of defective sectors in the first block is searched for in the defect index table to determine the number of temps in the first block (S2). Then, based on this, block i in the defect bitmap is
The number of logical sectors existing up to block i is calculated by subtracting the previously obtained temp from the number of physical sectors existing up to (128 × (i + 1)) (S
3). That is, the number of logical sectors excluding the defective sector from the physical sectors up to the block i is obtained by the arithmetic processing of 128 × (i + 1) -temp.

When the number of logical sectors is obtained, the number of logical sectors is compared with the logical address La given by the host computer 32 (S3). If the logical address La is small, it is determined that the target logical address La exists in the block i, and the process proceeds to the next S5, where processing for searching for a physical sector corresponding to the target logical sector in the block i is performed. Done. On the other hand, if the logical address La is large or equal, it is determined that the target address does not exist in the block i, and i is incremented (i = i + 1) to check the next block in the defect index table.
(S4). Also, as shown as Bad = temp, the number of temps is copied to Bad so that when proceeding to S5 and subsequent steps, the number of defective sectors up to the block immediately before the block in which the target logical address exists is known. . Then, the process returns to S2, and the same processing as described above is performed. Thereafter, the processing of S2 to S4 is repeatedly performed until a block in which the target logical address La exists is found.

When a block in which the specified logical address La exists is found, a process of searching for a physical sector corresponding to a target logical sector in the block is performed (S5 to S9). Specifically, first, the physical address of the first sector in the block is assigned to P (S5),
It is checked whether the sector at this address P is defective (S6). If the sector is a defective sector, the number Bad of defects copied in S4 is incremented (S7), and the physical address P to be checked is incremented (S9). Then
The process returns to S6 to check whether the sector at the physical address P is defective. That is, it is checked in order from the start address of the block where the target logical address of the defective bit map shown in FIG. When a non-defective sector is found, the number of defective sectors B is determined from the target logical address La and its physical address P.
It is determined whether the value obtained by subtracting ad (P-Bad) matches (S8). If they do not match, P is incremented in S9 and the process returns to S6 again to perform the same processing. That is, the number of defects Bad is calculated from the obtained physical address P.
Since the value obtained by subtracting is a logical address,
If this matches the specified logical address La, the physical address P becomes the desired physical address. In this way, the processing of S6 to S9 is repeated, and when the target physical address P is found, the data of the physical sector of the address P is read (S10). Then, it is determined whether or not the data has been correctly read (S11). If the data can be read normally, the data is transferred to the host computer 32, and the process is terminated. on the other hand,
If the data cannot be read normally, the processing is terminated after performing read retry processing or performing error processing such as notifying the host computer 32 of an error.

Next, a method for storing defect information generated during data recording in a defect bit map and a method for recording the information as a directory on an optical card will be described. Here, as shown in FIG.
An example of developing defect information generated when 3 is recorded into a defect bitmap will be described. FIG.
The file F3 is additionally recorded on the files F1 and F2 of the optical card shown in (1). S-1 to S-23 are sectors, of which sectors indicated by diagonal lines are sectors (errors) in which an error has occurred in verification after recording. Sector). The definitions of the physical address and the logical address are as described with reference to FIG. 11. The physical address is counted in order from the head of the sector, and the logical address is counted only in the normal sector from the head.

When the host computer 32 instructs the drive 31 to record data, the drive 31 stores the logical address to be recorded next, so that it is not necessary to specify the logical address. The recording command and the recording data are transmitted to the drive 31. When the drive 31 receives the recording command and the recording data, the recording of the data is started. At this time, the drive 31 refers to the defect bit map shown in FIG. decide. Here, FIG.
Since the number of expanded physical sectors is 19 in the defective bit map of No. 1, the recording start physical address is 19 (S-1).
9), and since the number of expanded logical sectors is 11, the logical address to be recorded next is address 11.
Thus, the recording head position is determined, and the host computer 3
Recording of the data of the file F3 transferred from Step 2 is started.

In recording the data of the file F3, first, as shown in FIG. 5, the physical address 19 (S-
The data is recorded in 19), but since this sector is a defective sector, a recording error naturally occurs. Therefore, at this time, processing for recording the defect information in the defect bit map is performed. More specifically, first, the byte position and the bit position on the defective bit map corresponding to the physical address 19 are obtained by the above-described equations (1) and (2). Here, the byte position is byte 2, the bit position is bit 3, and the byte 2, obtained as shown in FIG.
The bit at the position of bit 3 is set to “1” and the physical address 1
Record that address 9 is a defect. Next, IDX (0) on the defect index table corresponding to the physical address 19 is incremented by using the expression (3) to make the total number of defective sectors 9 and further, the number of developed physical sectors of the defect bitmap is incremented by 20. Rewrite to

The update of the defect bit map and the defect index table is completed as described above, and the drive 31 records the same data again at the next physical address 20 (S-20). However, since the physical address 20 is also a defective sector, an error occurs again, and the defect bitmap and the defect index table are updated as described above. Here, the position on the defect bit map corresponding to the physical address 20 is byte 2 and bit 4, and the defect information of the physical address 20 is recorded by setting the bit at that position to "1" as shown in FIG. Further, IDX (0) in the defect index table is incremented to 10 and the number of developed physical sectors of the defect bitmap is incremented to 21. In the drive 31, since the physical address 20 is a defective sector, the same data is recorded in the next physical address 21. At this time, since the physical address is a normal sector, no defect information is recorded, and Are incremented and updated to 22 and 12, respectively.

When the recording of data to the physical address 21 is completed, the drive 31 proceeds to the next physical address 22 (S-2
In 2), the remaining data of the file F3 is recorded. Since the physical address 22 is a defective sector as shown in FIG. 5, defect information is recorded in the defect bit map and the defect index table. In this case, since the position corresponding to the physical address 22 on the defective bit map is byte 2 and bit 6, the bit at that position is set to "1" as shown in FIG.
To record that the physical address 22 is a defective sector. Also, IDX (0) of the defect index table
Is updated to 11 and the number of expanded physical sectors of the defective bitmap is updated to 23. Further, the same data is recorded again in the next physical address 23 (S-23). At this time, since the physical address 23 is a normal sector, no defect information is recorded, and the number of developed physical sectors on the defect bit map is not counted. , The number of expanded logical sectors is incremented. As a result, as shown in FIG.
Is recorded, the expanded physical number on the defect bitmap is 2
4. The number of developed logical sectors is updated to 13, and the defect information is also developed on the defect bit map corresponding to each defective physical address as shown in FIG. Thus, the recording process of the defect bitmap and the defect index table accompanying the recording of the file F3 is completed. File F
3 is completed, the host computer 32
Instructs the drive 31 to record the directory information of the file F3 on the optical card. This directory information is information recorded as a user directory in the directory.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing when recording the directory information in the directory section of the optical card. In FIG. 8, to record directory information, the MPU 33 of the drive 31 first substitutes the number of physical sectors for which management information has been recorded into a variable P with reference to the defect bitmap (S1). The physical sector in which the management information is recorded is the same as the start address of the physical sector in which the management information is not recorded.
It becomes 19 from -1 to S-19 (see FIGS. 5 and 7). Next, the number of developed sectors is extracted with reference to the defective bitmap, and it is determined whether or not the extracted sector number matches the value of P previously substituted (S2). The number of expanded physical sectors is equal to the head address outside the management of the defect bitmap.
The number of expanded physical sectors at the stage of recording 3 is 24 as shown in FIG. Here, since the two values do not match, it is determined whether or not the physical address (19) indicated by the preceding P is defective with reference to the defective bit map (S3). If it is not a defect, P is incremented (S4), and the process returns to S2 again to execute the same processing. That is, physical addresses are added one by one, and it is checked each time whether the physical address is a defect. When a defect is found, the process proceeds to S5.

In this example, since the physical address 19 is a defect, the value of P is substituted for the start address Ps, and 0 is substituted for the number n of consecutive defects to initialize (S5). The physical address P at this time is the defect start address of the defect list. Next, the physical address P and the number n of consecutive defects are incremented respectively (S6), and it is determined again whether or not the physical address at this time is a defect (S7). If it is not a defect, it means that the defect is not continuous, so the process proceeds to S8. Here, the physical address of the defect determination target is 20, but since this physical address 20 is defective, the S
Returning to 6, increment n and P. In this way, the number of consecutive defects is checked, and if a physical address that is not a defect
The previous defect start address Ps and the number of consecutive defects are stored in the internal RAM as a defect list (S8). Here, the defect start address is 19, the number of consecutive defects is 2, and such information is created as the defect list 1. Then again S
Returning to step 2, a process for searching for a defect at the physical address and the number of consecutive defects as described above is performed. In the case of the file F3, the defect start address of the next physical address is 22 and the number of consecutive defects is 1, and this is created as the defect list 2. FIG. 9 shows the directory information D4 created in this way. In addition to the defect lists 1 and 2 described above, the file F3
Management information is also created at the same time. For example, the management information is information such as a start logical sector address and the number of management logical sectors. The directory information D4 is recorded in the directory area 3 of the optical card as shown in FIG. Also, by additionally recording the file F3,
As shown in FIG. 7, the number of physical sectors in which management information is recorded in the defect bitmap is updated to 24, and the number of logical sectors in which management information is recorded is updated to 13, and the recording of the file F3 is completed.

In this embodiment, if the number of tracks of the optical card is 2500 and the number of sectors per track is 16 at the maximum, the memory capacity required for the defect bit map is 16
(Sector / track) × 2500 = 40 k bits (5 k
Bytes). The memory capacity required for the defect index table is 16 (sectors / track) × 250.
0 ÷ 128 = 313 bytes, about 5.3k in total
It becomes bytes. Therefore, when compared with the conventional method of storing all of the defect list in the memory under the same condition, the memory capacity is about 1/15 or less of the conventional method, and the memory capacity can be greatly reduced.

[0040]

As described above, according to the present invention, the memory
Next, each physical address of the record carrier is represented by one bit.
Address sector is a defective sector and n
Defective bits of m blocks including bits of physical address
Block and defect bitmap for each block
Forming a defect index table indicating the number of sectors,
When a logical address is specified by the host computer,
The logical address specified based on the defect index table
The bit of the physical address corresponding to the address
Search for which block on the
Logical address to physical address from bit string of block
Since the conversion is made to , the memory capacity required for recording the defect information can be significantly reduced as compared with the related art, and there is an effect that it is possible to greatly contribute to downsizing and cost reduction of the device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for converting a logical address into a physical address using a defect bit map and a defect index table and reading data according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram collectively showing a defect list in a directory shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific example of a defect bit map and a defect index table used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing in detail bytes 0 to 3 of the defect bit map of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a recording surface of an optical card used as an information recording carrier, file data and directory information recorded on the recording surface, and a physical address of each sector.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing defect information of a defect bitmap updated when recording a file F3 of the optical card of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a defect bit map and a defect index table when the file F3 of FIG. 5 is recorded.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a method for creating directory information of a file F3 in FIG. 5 based on a defect bitmap.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the contents of directory information created by the method of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an information recording / reproducing apparatus used in the information recording / reproducing method of the prior application example.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a recording surface of an optical card used in the information recording / reproducing method of the above-mentioned prior application example.

FIG. 12 is a diagram conceptually showing defect information among directory information recorded on the optical card of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the contents of a user directory and a system directory used in the above-mentioned prior application example.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an information recording method according to the above-mentioned prior application example.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a directory recording method according to the prior application example.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the contents of a directory recorded by the directory recording method of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a method of converting a logical address into a physical address and reading data in the information recording / reproducing method of the above-mentioned prior application.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 optical card 2 data area 3 directory area 31 information recording / reproducing device (drive) 32 host computer 33 MPU D1-D4 directory F1-F3 file

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of sectors are regularly arranged, each of which is
The physical address indicating the position in the sector
Write-once information record carrier assigned as address counted from head
Recording data on the record carrier, and the record carrier
A recording and playback device that reads data from the
Data and a memory, and can receive instructions from the host computer.
Microprocessor for controlling the recording / reproducing apparatus based on the microprocessor
When file data is recorded on the record carrier using
In both cases, a directory containing information on defective sectors is stored on the record carrier.
Record tri-data and manage recording and playback of file data
A method based on the directory data
Out of the plurality of sectors, excluding the defective sector.
Is expressed as an address counting only from the top in the order of arrangement
Information recording / reproducing method for converting a physical sector into a physical sector.
The microprocessor reads from the record carrier.
Based on the extracted directory data,
Each physical address of the record carrier is 1 bit.
The value of each bit corresponding to the
Indicates whether the sector is a defective sector and n physical addresses
M blocks each containing a bit corresponding to the address
A defect bitmap, and a block of the defect bitmap.
A defect that indicates the number of defective sectors in that block for each lock.
The index table is formed with the host computer.
When a logical address is specified from the computer,
The processor is based on the defect index table.
Of the physical address corresponding to the specified logical address
Which block the bit is on in the defective bitmap
Or search and specify from the bit string of the searched block.
An information recording / reproducing method characterized by converting a logical address into a physical address . 2. The block of the defect index table.
The number of blocks m and the physical address of one block of the defective bitmap.
The number of dresses n is the shortest for the search time of the physical address.
Thus, Tb × n = Ti × m (Tb;
Unit search time, Ti; unit of defect index table
2. The search time is set to (search time).
Information recording and reproduction method. 3. The defect bitmap and defect index.
The defect information in the work table is detected when data is recorded.
2. The information recording / reproducing method according to claim 1, wherein the information is updated every time the information is recorded.