JP2612782B2 - Crushing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crushing device for crushing a concrete structure or the like by opening and closing a crushing arm provided with a crushing blade in a scissor shape.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A crushing apparatus of this kind (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-2146)
No. 69, JP-A-63-156168 and JP-A-62-63768).
As shown schematically in FIG. 7, shafts 3 are attached to the side plates 2 and 2 on both sides.
A pair of crushing arms 4 and 4 rotatably supported by 3
It has a structure that can be opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder 5 fixed to the side plates 2 and 2, and is attached to a turning plate 7 of a bracket 6 at the end of a boom such as a power shovel. Crush arm 4,4
Has crushing blades 8 and 8 facing each other, and the rotating plate 7 is driven and rotated by a hydraulic motor 9 fixed to the boom side.

[0003] In the crushing operation, an operator moves a power shovel or the like to bring the crushing mechanism 1 at the end of the boom close to the crushed portion of the structure, and operates the operating lever 1 for the hydraulic cylinder.
Operate 0 manually. Then, hydraulic oil is supplied from the pump to the hydraulic cylinder 5 by the switching valve 11 (usually a closed center type having four ports and three positions) corresponding to the lever 10, shut off and released to the tank, and the crushing arms 4 and 4 are opened and closed. Then, when closed, the crushable portions are pinched and crushed by the crushing blades 8,8.

At this time, the angle formed by the open / close surfaces of the crushing arms 4 and 4 with respect to a reference plane (horizontal plane or vertical plane) is adjusted according to the condition of the crushed part. That is, when the crushed part changes from a pillar to a floor, or when it is considered that turning the open / close surfaces of the crushing arms 4 and 4 improves the work efficiency even in the same crushed part, the hydraulic motor 9 is used. Operation lever 1
The switching valve 13 (manually,
The hydraulic motor 9 is driven by a closed center type (4 ports, 3 positions) to rotate the crushing mechanism 1 with respect to the boom.

[0005] When the crushing operation is completed at one location, the crushing arms 4 and 4 are moved to the next crushing location.
Is often a space due to the crushing operation of this time, so that it is usually not necessary to wait until the crushing arms 4 and 4 are completely opened to move the crushing mechanism 1. Therefore, in order to improve efficiency, it is necessary to move the boom while operating the crushing arms 4 and 4 in the opening direction and rotating the opening and closing surfaces of the crushing arms 4 and 4 in accordance with the next crushed portion. Done.

However, in order to perform the above with the angle adjustment of the open / close surfaces of the crushing arms 4 and 4, in addition to the operation of the boom movement, the operation lever 10 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the operation lever 12 of the hydraulic motor 9 are slightly moved. You must operate without errors in time. In addition, since this operation is frequently repeated, this operation is very complicated for the operator and requires some skill.

Of course, after crushing one location, adjacent locations may be crushed sequentially without adjusting the opening / closing angle of the crushing arms 4 and 4. In this case, it is convenient that only the hydraulic cylinder 5 can be operated independently of the hydraulic motor 9.

Further, since the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the hydraulic motor 9 are driven by two independent hydraulic circuits, a total of four high-pressure pipes 14 for each system and at least each system are provided. In this case, two switching valves 11, 13 are required, one for each.

[0009] However, these high-pressure pipes 14 are expensive in nature, and reach the above-mentioned actuators via a hydraulic pump 15 and switching valves 11 and 13 (operating parts) in the mechanical part of the power shovel via a boom. Therefore, in addition to the need for a long one, and the necessity of at least two switching valves, piping of two systems and four pipes increases the piping cost.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing apparatus which can be easily operated by an operator, has a low piping cost, and has a high working efficiency.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A pair of crushing arms are connected by an automatic return type single-acting cylinder having a return means, and can be opened and closed so that the pair of crushing arms are closed when the cylinder is driven by a pressurized fluid. Crushing mechanism. It has a hydraulic motor that operates on the same pressurized fluid. 4 between the crushing mechanism and hydraulic motor and pump and tank
An open center type switching valve at port 3 is interposed. A first load port of the switching valve is connected to a flow path to the automatic reset type single-acting cylinder, and a second load port is connected to a flow path to a hydraulic motor. Further, the fluid outlet side of the hydraulic motor is connected back to the fluid inlet side of the motor via a relief valve, and also connected to a flow path to an automatic return type single-acting cylinder via a check valve. Another actuator may be connected to the second load port of the switching valve. The above-mentioned 4-port 3-position open center type switching valve may be replaced with a 4-port 3-position closed center type switching valve having the same function by adding a pilot valve.

[0012]

The self-returning single-acting cylinder closes the crush arm by the pressurized fluid and crushes the structure. After crushing, it is automatically restored by being connected to the drain, and the crush arm is opened.

In this specification, the term "drain" is used to mean a storage location of a working fluid at atmospheric pressure, such as a tank in a hydraulic circuit.

In the first position [A], the four-port three-position open center type switching valve connects the pump to an automatic return type single-acting cylinder and drives it to drain the pressurized fluid inlet of another actuator. At the second position [D], connecting the flow path of the cylinder and the inlet of the pressurized fluid of the actuator to the drain to open the crush arm without changing the angle of its open / close surface, and to the third position [B ], The flow path of the cylinder is connected to the drain to maintain the state in which the crushing arm is opening or open, and a pump is connected to the pressurized fluid inlet of another actuator to drive it. When another actuator described above is a hydraulic motor for rotating the crushing mechanism, the angle of the crush arm opening / closing surface is adjusted.

The 4-port 3-position closed center type switching valve provided with the pilot valve performs the same function as the above-described 4-port 3-position open center type switching valve.

The above-mentioned pilot valve itself is used when the closed center type switching valve having four ports and three positions is in the second position [E] and the automatic reset type single-acting cylinder and another actuator are separated from the pump and the drain. , These are connected together to the drain, and the crush arm is opened without changing the angle of its open / close surface.

[0017]

2 to 4 show a bracket 6 attached to a tip of a boom of a power shovel and a crushing mechanism 1 attached to the bracket 6 via a rotary plate 7. FIG.

In the crushing mechanism 1, a pair of crushing arms 4 and 4 are rotatably supported by shafts 3 and 3 on both side plates 2 and 2 and the base side thereof is fixed to the base of the side plates 2 and 2. A cylinder 16 of a spring-return type single-acting cylinder (hydraulic type..., Abbreviated as a single-acting cylinder) 15 as an automatic reset-type single-acting cylinder
And one end of the piston 17 so that it can be opened and closed. The single-acting cylinder 15 has a return spring 18 inside, and the hydraulic oil enters and exits from a single entrance 19. The return spring 18 always urges the piston 17 to return to the original position (the contracted position of the single-acting cylinder 15), and FIG. 2 is in an extended state, and the piston 17 is returned to the original position. I have. Reference numeral 8 denotes a crushing blade, which is provided on a front-side facing surface of the crushing arms 4 and 4.

The bracket 6 includes a rotating plate 7 that rotates around an axis a in the front-rear direction and a hydraulic motor 9 fixed to the bracket 6. The rotating plate 7 is substantially a ring-shaped internal gear as shown in FIG.
The hydraulic gear 9 is rotatably supported by a small gear 21 fixed to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 9. The bases of the side plates 2 and 2 of the crushing mechanism 1 are attached to the rotating plate 7 with bolts 22. Reference numeral 23 denotes a valve unit of a relief and a check valve (described later) attached to the hydraulic motor 9 and is fixed adjacent to the hydraulic motor 9.

FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic circuit for controlling the single-acting cylinder 15 and the hydraulic motor 9 and constitutes a crushing device in combination with the crushing mechanism 1. In this hydraulic circuit, an open-center type switching valve 26 (hereinafter simply referred to as a switching valve) having four ports and three positions is arranged between the single-acting cylinder 15 and the hydraulic motor 9 and the pump 24 and the tank 25 (drain). First load port P1 of switching valve 26
To the line 27 to the single-acting cylinder 15, the second load port P2 to the line 28 to the hydraulic motor 9, and
The fluid outlet 29 side of the hydraulic motor 9 is connected to the fluid inlet 31 side of the motor 9 via a relief valve 30, and the pipeline 2 to the single-acting cylinder 15 via a check valve 32.
7 (there may be a channel that does not constitute a tube).

Reference numeral 33 denotes an operation lever for switching the switching valve 26 to a first position [A], a second position [D], and a third position [B].
For switching to the three positions. Further, the relief valve 30 and the check valve 32 are formed in the integral valve unit 23 as described above.

When the switching valve 26 is set to the first position [A] by the operating lever 33, the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the pump 25 enters the single-acting cylinder 15 via the pipe line 27, compresses the return spring 18 and pushes the piston Extrude 16. This allows
The crush arms 4, 4 are closed and the structure is crushed. On the other hand, since high-pressure hydraulic oil is not supplied to the hydraulic motor 9,
The rotating plate 7 is not rotated, and the angle of the open / close surface formed by the crushing arms 4 and 4 is not changed.

However, when the crushing mechanism 1 is passively rotated by the reaction received from the crushed portion when the crushing arms 4 and 4 are closed, and the hydraulic motor 9 is rotated leftward (positively) in FIG. The circuit on the motor fluid outlet 29 side may be at a high pressure, but this circuit is connected to the tank 24 via a relief valve 30 to relieve excessive pressure.

When the switching valve 26 is set to the second position [ D ], the hydraulic oil of the single-acting cylinder 15 returns to the tank 25, and the piston 16 is returned to the original position by the return spring 18. Therefore, the crushing arms 4 and 4 of the crushing mechanism 1 open. Further, since the switching valve 26 is a center open type, the inlet 31 side of the hydraulic motor 9 is also connected to the tank 25 and the hydraulic motor 9 does not rotate in the same manner as described above. The opening / closing surface angle does not change.

Therefore, when crushing is continued without adjusting the opening / closing surface angles of the crushing arms 4 and 4, the switching valve 26 is returned by the operation lever 33 to repeat the first state [A]. To adjust the opening / closing surface angle, the switching valve 26 is advanced to the third state [B].

After the crushing by the crushing arms 4 and 4, there is a space around the crushing arms 4 and 4 as described above, so that the switching valve 26 is set to the second position [D] and the crushing arms 4 and 4 are opened. That is, the boom can be moved and the crushing mechanism 1 can be moved to the next crushed portion without waiting for the opening to be completely opened, as in the related art.

When the switching valve 26 is set to the third position [B], the single-acting cylinder 15 is connected to the tank 25, and high-pressure hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 9, so that the crushing arms 4, 4 remain open. Until the angle of the opening and closing surface is changed.
The outlet 29 of the hydraulic motor 9 is connected to the tank 25 through the check valve 32 and the pipe 27 of the single-acting cylinder 15.

That is, the operator can open and close the crushing arms 4 and 4 and adjust the angle of the opening and closing surfaces thereof by the two operation levers 10 and 12 (FIG. 7) and the two switching valves 11 and 13 in the related art. This can be performed by one switching valve 26. A high-pressure pipe (line 2) from the switching valve 26 to the single-acting cylinder 15 and the hydraulic motor 9
7,28 ... longer along the boom).

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment relating to the above hydraulic circuit, wherein the switching valve 26 is of a center open type having four ports and three positions. The difference from the above embodiment is that the outlet 29 of the hydraulic motor 9 is returned directly to the tank 25 via the return line (flow path) 34. In this case, the pipe 34 is connected to the pipes 27 and 28.
Although it becomes a long one that travels along the boom, the internal hydraulic pressure is small because it is a return pipe, so-called rubber hose may be used, and it is inexpensive and does not increase the piping cost particularly. In other respects, the operation is the same, and the opening and closing of the crushing arms 4 and 4 and the driving of the hydraulic motor 9 can be controlled by one operating lever 33.

FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment relating to the above hydraulic circuit. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the part of the open center type switching valve 26 at the 4-port 3-position is replaced by the closed center type switching valve 35 at the 4-port 3-position. And a pilot valve 36 driven by a pilot pressure related to the operation thereof.

This replacement is also possible in the embodiment of FIG.

The pilot valve 36 has first to third load-side three ports (P1 to P3), a first position in which all of the three load-side ports are directly connected to the tank 25, and a first load port P.
1 is connected to the pump port P of the pilot valve 36, the second load port P2 is connected to the tank port R, and the second load port P3 is closed. The first position is a return position, This is a five-port two-position automatic return type pilot valve in which the second position is a movement position based on pilot pressure.

The switching valve 35 and the pilot valve 36 are
The first load-side port P1 of the switching valve 35 is connected to the pump port P of the pilot valve 36 by the first flow path 37, and the other port P2 is connected to the tank port R by the second flow path 3
Connect with 8. Further, the pilot flow paths 40 and 39 are taken out from the first and second flow paths 37 and 38, respectively, and are provided with check valves 42 and 43 , respectively.
9 is connected to the valve operating port 41 of the pilot valve,
Further, the first load port P1 of the pilot valve 36 is connected to the pipe 27 to the single-acting cylinder 15, and the second load port P2 is connected to the pipe 28 to the hydraulic motor 9. Reference numeral 33 denotes an operation lever of the switching valve 35.

When the switching valve 35 is set to the first state [A] by the operating lever 33, the pressure in the first flow path 37 increases, so that the pilot valve 36 passes through the pilot flow path 40.
Switches to the second movement position. Therefore, the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the pump 24 flows to the single-acting cylinder 15, and the crushing arms 4 and 4 are closed to crush. On the other hand, the hydraulic motor 9
Is connected to the tank 25, and the angles of the open / close surfaces of the crushing arms 4, 4 do not change.

However, when the crushing arms 4 and 4 bite,
When the crushing mechanism 1 is passively rotated in relation to the angle of the opening and closing surface and the crushing point, the hydraulic oil inlet 3 of the hydraulic motor 9 is turned on.
1 and the outlet 29 are directly connected to the tank 25, so that the rotation is smoothly performed without exerting an excessive force on the hydraulic motor 9, the rotation plate 7, and the like.

When the operating lever 33 is moved to the second position [E], the single-acting cylinder 15 and the hydraulic motor 9 are connected to the switching valve 35.
As a result, the pump 24 and the tank 25 are separated from each other, but since the pressure in the first flow path 37 is maintained at a high level, the pilot valve 36 does not return and the above state is maintained. However, since the crushing arms 4 and 4 cannot be opened in this state, the operation arm 33 is largely operated to instantaneously set the switching valve 35 to the third position [B] and immediately return to the second position. Then, the first flow path 37 once communicates with the tank 25 and the pressure in the pilot flow path 40 decreases, so that the pilot valve 36 returns to the return position, and the single-acting cylinder 1
5. Both the hydraulic motors 9 are connected to the tank 25. Thereby, the crushing arms 4 and 4 are opened, and the angle of the open / close surface does not change.

In FIG. 6, the response delay on the pump 24 side (automatic output control of the pump 24 with respect to load fluctuation) when the switching valve 35 is set to the third position [B] is not shown. When the position 35 is at the third position [B], even if the pressure drops due to the single-acting cylinder 15 side being connected to the tank 25, the second flow path 38 at the hydraulic motor 9 side is at the same time.
Is connected to the pump 24 to increase the pressure.
Although the pilot valve 36 still appears to be in the moving position due to the pressure of the pilot flow path 39 even when the position 5 is set to this position [B], the first flow path 37 has high pressure caused by the return spring 18 of the single-acting cylinder 15 and the pump 24
Before the pressure in the second flow path 38 rises sufficiently, the pressure in the first flow path 37 decreases to a response pressure of the pilot valve 36 for a short time before the pressure in the second flow path 38 sufficiently rises. , The pilot valve 36 moves to the return position.

This state is a state in which one crushing operation by the crushing arms 4 and 4 has been completed. Therefore, when crushing is performed continuously without changing the opening / closing angle of the crushing arms 4 and 4, the crushing mechanism 1 is simply provided by the boom. Move the position of
Only the operation of returning the switching valve 35 to the first position [A] by the operation lever 33 is repeated.

On the other hand, the crushing arms 4 and 4
When it is desired to change the opening / closing angle, the switching valve 35 is set to the third position [B], and the angle of the opening / closing surface is changed while the crushing arms 4 and 4 are open.

As described above, also in the third embodiment,
The single-acting cylinder 15 and the hydraulic motor 9 are each driven by substantially one switching valve 35 including one operating lever 33 and pilot valve 36, and the two actuators can be controlled to be inoperative simultaneously at the same time. Further, two expensive high-pressure pipes (the pipes 27 and 28) can be used.

Further, the 4-port 3 in the third embodiment
The closed center type switching valve 35 of the position is normally used for controlling the attitude of a working machine (bucket) attached to the end of the boom by a power shovel or the like. Therefore, the third embodiment can be easily implemented only by connecting the pilot valve 36 to the conventional switching valve 35 provided in the construction machine.

Although the embodiment has been described above, these hydraulic motors 9 are provided with actuators operated by another hydraulic pressure, for example, a breaker for applying a blow to a portion pinched by the crushing arms 4 and 4 to make crushing easier. It may be an actuator. Further, in the above-described embodiment, a spring-return type single-acting cylinder using a spring is used as the returning means in the automatic return-type single-acting cylinder. However, the same operation as that of the spring is performed by using a compressed gas instead of the spring. It may be an eggplant. Further, in the embodiment, the hydraulic pressure is used as an example of the driving source. However, a fluid pressure such as an air pressure or a water pressure can be generally used for the mechanism.

[0043]

As described above, the operability of the crusher is improved, and the working efficiency is improved. The number of long high-pressure pipes and the number of required switching valves are halved, and piping costs can be reduced. While opening the crush arm with one operating lever, it is possible to drive another actuator (hydraulic motor) having a common switching valve.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of a hydraulic circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a bracket and a crushing mechanism (in an open state) shown partially broken.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a location of a rotating plate.

FIG. 4 is a front view of a crushing mechanism (in a closed state) shown with a part broken away.

FIG. 5 is a second embodiment of the hydraulic circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the hydraulic circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing mechanism 4 Crush arm 7 Rotating plate 9 Hydraulic motor 11 Closed center type switching valve at 4 port 3 position 14 High pressure piping 15 Spring return type single acting cylinder 26 Open center type switching valve at 4 port 3 position 33 Operating lever

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A crushing mechanism in which a pair of crushing arms are connected by an automatic return type single-acting cylinder having a return means, and the pair of crushing arms can be opened and closed so as to be closed when driven by a pressurized fluid. And a hydraulic motor that operates with the pressurized fluid. An open-center type switching valve having four ports and three positions is interposed between the pump and the tank, and the first load port of the switching valve is automatically reset. The second load port is connected to the flow path to the hydraulic motor, and the fluid outlet side of the hydraulic motor is connected back to the fluid inlet side of the motor via a relief valve. A crushing device characterized in that the crushing device is connected to a flow path to an automatic reset type single-acting cylinder via a check valve. 2. A crushing mechanism in which a pair of crushing arms are connected by an automatic return type single-acting cylinder having a return means, and which can be opened and closed so that the pair of crushing arms are closed when driven by a pressurized fluid. , Another actuator operated by the pressurized fluid, an open center type switching valve of 4 ports and 3 positions interposed between these and the pump and the drain, and the first load port of the switching valve is automatically returned to the above. A crushing device characterized in that a second load port is connected to a flow path to another actuator in a flow path to the single-acting type cylinder. 3. A crushing mechanism in which a self-returnable single-acting cylinder having a return means on a pair of crushable arms that can be opened and closed is connected in a direction in which the cylinder is closed when the cylinder is driven by a pressurized fluid. A further actuator which is operated by pressurized fluid, and between the pump and the drain, there is provided a 4-port 3-position closed center type switching valve and first to third load-side three ports driven thereby. A first position where all three ports on the load side are directly connected to the drain, a first load port connected to the pump port of the pilot valve, a second load port connected to the tank port, and a third load port closed. And a second position to
A 5-port 2-position automatic return pilot valve having a first position as a return position and a second position as a movement position by pilot pressure is interposed, and the switching valve and the pilot valve are connected to two load-side ports of the switching valve. One is connected to a pump port of the pilot valve by a first flow path, the other is connected to a tank port by a second flow path, and a check valve is taken out from each of the first and second flow paths, A pilot flow path for transmitting the pressure of these flow paths is connected to a valve operation port of the pilot valve,
Further, a crushing apparatus characterized in that a first load port of the pilot valve is connected to a flow path to the automatic return type single-acting cylinder, and a second load port is connected to a flow path to another actuator. 4. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said automatic return type single-acting cylinder comprises a spring as a return means, and is a spring return type single-acting cylinder.