JP2628451B2 - Slideway guide unit - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tool or mechanical structure comprising a guide unit, a sliding member fixed to the guide unit and abutting on the guide path, and a lubricating device for lubricating the guide path. The present invention relates to a slideway guide unit for guiding a cylindrical object .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Known guide units for longitudinal guidance are provided with sliding members as wear members, which can be made of bronze, steel or gray cast iron and slide on guideways. In the case of a column guide, the sliding member is formed as a bush and is fixed inside the guide unit for receiving and guiding the column . Guideway or
To reduce the friction between the cylinder and the sliding member, a liquid lubricant or oil is generally supplied by a pump or an oil press through a lubricating nipple. In this case, it is difficult to accurately supply the lubricant, and further, a loss of the lubricant must be taken into consideration during the assembly or disassembly process.

[0003] Another possibility is the use of solid lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide,
It can be introduced into the pores of the sliding member or into additional holes distributed on the inner surface thereof. This is, of course, only possible before the sliding member is assembled. When these members move relative to each other, the graphite particles are peeled off from the pores or holes and dispersed on the guide path. The continuously achievable lubrication has a limitation because the pores can be easily closed by wear. Renewal of the solid lubricant is only possible by removal and / or replacement of the sliding members and is therefore wasteful and expensive. Furthermore, the use of holes requires high manufacturing costs because the solid lubricant is accommodated by a number of necessary holes. Furthermore, a reduction in the resistance of the guide unit to side collisions occurs during column guidance.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to achieve an improved lubrication of the guideways by means of a lubricating device which is simple to manufacture and to monitor (especially easy to assemble), as well as to the assembly and dismantling process. It is an object of the present invention to provide a slideway guide unit for cylindrical or surface guides in a tool or mechanical structure, in which lubricant loss is reliably avoided.

[0005]

Starting from the type of opening according SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The slideways <br/> guide unit, the problem underlying the present invention, form a sliding member by interposing a sealing member A lubricating device fixedly and removably connected to the guide unit in a fixed manner, the lubricating device comprising at least one ring-shaped lubricant chamber in the region of the outer wall of the sliding member, wherein at least one of the lubricant chambers The problem is solved by providing an inlet and at least one self-closable lubricant outlet in each of the lubricant chambers, and further opening the outlet into the guideway through the sliding member. The lubricating device is particularly simple to manufacture or monitor, and allows for a good and durable lubrication, especially in the case of a uniform distribution of lubricant to the guideway. Therefore, a particularly long service life is noted in this lubricating device. Furthermore, lubricant loss and thus environmental pollution during the assembly and dismantling process are reliably prevented. Another advantage of the invention is that the device has a high mechanical load capacity.

A further improvement of the present invention is achieved by providing a plurality of lubricant chambers to surround and connect the sliding members axially spaced apart from one another. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that three uniformly distributed outlets are provided in each of the lubricant chambers and the outlets of the adjacent lubricant chambers are respectively arranged with a displacement of 60 °. This achieves a particularly good and uniform distribution of the lubricant with as few outlets as possible. By connecting the inlets to the uppermost lubricant chamber during assembly, the lubricant chamber can be filled particularly easily and without pressure when using extremely fluid lubricants.
In order to be able to constantly control the state of the lubricant in the lubricant chamber, it is advantageous if each of the uppermost lubricant chambers is provided with a viewing opening which is closed to the outside via a viewing glass.

In another aspect of the invention, the outlet has a lid and opens when pressure is applied to the outlet. Therefore reasonably exit has a thin circle cylindrical cross-section conically in the direction of the guide path, displacement freely sealed elongated areas Maru outlet conically
A member is positioned and protrudes from the sliding member in an unloaded state to ensure that the lubricant is retained in the lubricant chamber.
It is advantageous if the sealing member is formed as a spring-loaded ball and this is pressed against the narrowed outlet region by means of a compression spring. The sealing element can thus be produced very simply and has a particularly good sealing effect. In this sealing member , when the guide path contacts the sliding member, a part of the ball jumps out of the sliding member and is pushed back to open the outlet and release the supply of the lubricant. To greatly facilitate the assembly of the guide unit, the outlet is closed by a cap at its end facing the ball.

In one embodiment of the invention, the outlet is provided with a magnetic valve. This embodiment allows remote opening and closing of the exit. According to another embodiment of the invention, the guideway is circular.
It is formed as a column , which is displaceably surrounded by a guide unit and a sliding member fixed thereto. Here, the sliding element can advantageously be in the form of a bushing, which can be produced as a rotating element which can be produced particularly inexpensively. Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it incorporates two sealing rings, which are arranged axially spaced apart from one another outside the bushing and surround the lubricant chamber. Thus, it is not necessary to fix the bush to the guide unit with a frictional connection as is generally the case, and it is sufficient to formally close the seal, since the outflow of lubricant is reliably prevented by the sealing ring. This fixation need only be such that the forces occurring between the bush and the guide unit are reliably transmitted.

[0009] The lubricant chamber can be incorporated into either the inner wall of the guide unit or the outer wall of the bush. Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that the closing of each outlet releases lubricant in response to radial pressure upon insertion of the cylinder . According to the present invention, the lubricant chamber can be filled with the lubricant without causing any loss in the assembled state of the guide unit or in the disassembled state (that is, the state in which the cylindrical object is removed). This is achieved by automatic closing of the outlet, which functions directly when the guide unit is separated from the guideway or when the cylinder is withdrawn from the bush.
In order to prevent the lubricant from being dragged by the movement inside the guide unit, it is preferable to fit a zimmer ring which concentrically surrounds the cylinder at at least one end of the bush into the guide unit.

[0010]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. As can be seen from Figure 1, sliding
The path guide unit comprises a symmetrical guide unit 1 with a centrally located through-bore 2 and a cylindrical extension 3 extending over most of the elongate bore 2 with a bushing 4.
To store. The dimensions of the extension 3 and the bush 4 should be selected such that when the bush 4 is inserted, it is fixedly held in the extension 3. The inner surface 5 of the bush 4 serves to guide a column 6 which can be inserted into the bush 4. This expansion
The upholstery 3 is further provided with a lubricant chamber 7 which concentrically surrounds the outer surface of the bush 4, from which lubricant (preferably lubricating liquid) is supplied via an inlet 8 which extends outwardly through the guide unit 1. Can be filled. Of course, the lubricant chamber 7 can be formed on the outer surface of the bush 4. Further, the lubricant chamber 7 can be formed on the outer surface of the bush 4 so as to spirally surround the bush 4.

At this time, a conventional lubricant, a threaded joint or a valve can be provided at the inlet 8 to prevent the lubricant from flowing out after the lubricant chamber 7 is filled. The supply of the lubricating liquid between the inner surface 5 of the bush 4 and the outer surface of the cylinder 6 is performed by the bush 4
Through at least one outlet 9.
Of course, the lubricant chamber 7 can also be machined on the inner surface of the guide unit 1, in which case the arrangement of the inlet 8 and the outlet 9 is performed similarly. The outlet 9 has a cylindrical cross-section and tapers conically in the direction of the guideway 10 formed by the outer surface of the cylinder 6 (FIG. 3). Sealed inside exit 9
The member (preferably the ball 11) is
Is pressed against the conically tapering end of the outlet, where an opening 13 is present, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the ball 10. Thus, the ball 10 slightly protrudes from the inner surface 5 of the bush 4 in the disassembled state of the guide unit 1 to securely close the outlet 9.

When the cylinder 6 is inserted into the bush 4, the ball 11 is pushed back and the supply of the lubricant is performed through the outlet 9. On the other hand, when the column 6 is withdrawn, the outlet 9 is immediately closed. Thus, loss of lubricant is reliably prevented. In order to achieve a quick and uniform distribution of the lubricating liquid, it is preferred that the six outlets 9 are evenly distributed in one plane as shown in FIG. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the two lubricant chambers 7 are spaced apart from each other, and only three outlets 9 are provided in each of the lubricant chambers 7 so that the outlet 9 in one plane is connected to the outlet 9 in the other plane. Against 6
It is also shown that a particularly good distribution of the lubricant between the cylinder 6 and the bush 4 is achieved if it is arranged to be displaced by 0 °. If three or more lubricant chambers 7 are required by a longer guide unit 1 or a guide unit 1 having a larger diameter, the corresponding outlet 9 in one plane is displaced relative to the next plane and arranged accordingly. I do. Thus, in this embodiment, only a relatively small number of outlets 9 are required, the bearing surface of the bush 4 is considerably reduced, and the guide unit 1 is mechanically and particularly heavily loaded without limiting its service life. Can be. However, different numbers of outlets 9 can of course be selected. If a spiral arrangement of the lubricant chamber 7 is selected, the outlet 9 must also be distributed spirally.

Below the bush 4, there is a zimmer ring 14 fixed to the guide unit 1 (FIGS. 1 and 4).
The column 6 is concentrically surrounded. This prevents the lubricating liquid from being dragged when the columnar object 6 moves in the longitudinal direction inside the guide unit 1. The zimmer ring 14 can be provided above the guide unit 1 (FIG. 5) or disposed on both sides to close the guide unit 1 on both sides.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG .
This embodiment is based on the slideway guide unit described above
Although having excellent improvements than this, significantly improves the function and handling properties. Here, the lubricant chamber 7 is installed on the outer surface of the bush 4. The extension 3 in the guide unit 1 is thus formed as a simple smooth surface hole, which makes the manufacture of the bush 4 and the extension 3 particularly simple. Furthermore, in the area of both ends of the bushing 4, grooves for accommodating the sealing ring 17 are machined, and the lubricant chamber 7 is formed by these grooves and the sealing ring therein.
Once enclosed, once insert bush 4 into extension 3
And the lubricant chamber 7 is tightly sealed. As a result,
Altitude required when not using a sealed configuration such as
It does not require a high fitting accuracy and does not adversely affect the function of the guide unit 1. Thus, production costs can be further reduced. Further, in this embodiment, the bush 4 is temporarily
Easy to use bush 4 when worn or broken
Can be replaced. Feel free to change bush 4
On one of the end faces of the workable bush 4 , two opposite screw holes are machined so that a drawing tool can be attached.
It is enough if you leave it .

An outlet 9 is also provided which extends radially through the bush 4 and connects the lubricant chamber 7 to the inner surface 5. For better lubrication of the lubricant supply, the outlet 9 is not directly connected to the lubricant chamber 7
Are opened at a small interval below the outer side surface of the. In order to supply the lubricant, it can be inserted directly into the separating surface between the extension 3 and the outer surface of the bush 4 or a connecting channel or bush between the lubricant chamber 7 and the outlet 9. A concave portion can be formed on the outer surface of 4. By appropriately selecting the cross section of the connecting channel, the amount of lubricant to be supplied to the outlet 9 can be fixed.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, two lubricant chambers 7 are machined up and down on the outer surface of the bush 4, spaced apart from each other, especially in the case of a long guide unit 1 or when it is particularly necessary. It is also possible to provide more than two lubricant chambers 7. These lubricants chambers 7 are connected to each other, which expand the bushing 4 in the form closed and frictionally
It can be accomplished by inserting Zhang portion 3 has a smaller diameter than the respective support section of the bush 4 located above and below the central region of the bushing 4 between the lubricant chamber 7. Another possibility of connecting the lubricant chambers 7 to one another consists in machining the connecting channels or grooves between the lubricant chambers 7 on the outer surface of the bush 4. Thus, it is sufficient to provide an inlet 8 in only one of the lubricant chambers 7, preferably in the uppermost lubricant chamber. Exit 9 and its fu
Arrangement of may be carried out as described above in the manner seen from FIGS.

The sealing of the bushing 4 with respect to the guide unit 1 is again effected by means of a sealing ring 17, which is inserted into corresponding grooves above and below the lubricant chamber 7, respectively. Thus, it is not necessary to select the dimensions of the extension 3 and the bush 4 such that a very accurate fit is achieved when the bush 4 is inserted. However, the force generated when the guide unit 1 moves
Sufficiently free Senebanara fitting ensure that or the cylindrical object 6 to a cylindrical object 6 may be transmitted to the guide unit 1 upon moving.

In order to be able to constantly control the state of filling of the lubricant chamber 7, each of the uppermost lubricant chambers 7 is further provided with a sight opening 16 which is closed to the outside via a sight glass 15 (FIG. 4). 5). Another advantage of the present invention is that its structural configuration allows the use of any material pair. For example, instead of bronze for the bushing 4, suitable plastics or steel can be used. Exit 9 to further facilitate assembly of the guide unit
Is closed by a cap 18 at the end facing the ball 11, which is provided with a hole for the entry of lubricant and acts as a support for the compression spring 12 located at the exit. The cap 18 is fixed to the outlet 9 so as not to be lost, for example, by pushing, but it is needless to say that other fixing possibilities can be considered, and the cap 18 can be selected according to the material used for the bush. The cap can also be fixed with solder or an adhesive.

The invention can also be used with surface guides of any desired shape, wherein the guide unit 1 is formed as a surface guide unit, on which a sliding element is fixed, for example with a sealing element. . In this case, the lubricant chamber 7 is arranged between the sliding member and the surface guide unit. Thus, the invention can be used for any cylindrical or surface guide in a tool or mechanical structure while retaining its advantages.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a slideway guide unit having a lubricant chamber,

2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 with the outlet closed;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view according to FIG. 1 with an outlet opened;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a slideway guide unit provided with a detachable bush;

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a slideway guide unit including a plurality of lubricant chambers and a detachable bush.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Guide unit 2 Long hole 3 Expansion part 4 Bush 5 Inner surface 6 Cylinder 7 Lubricant chamber 8 Inlet 9 Outlet 10 Guideway 11 Ball 12 Compression spring 13 Opening 14 Zimmer ring 15 Viewing glass 16 Viewing opening 17 Sealing ring 18 caps

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-254018 (JP, A) JP-A-3-66536 (JP, A) JP-A-4-254018 (JP, A) 7442 (JP, U)

Claims (18)

(57) [Claims] 1. A guide unit (1), come into contact with the guide path is fixed to the guide unit, and
A sliding path plan for guiding a cylindrical object in a tool structure or a mechanical structure, comprising a sliding member (4) formed of a bush and a lubricating device for lubricating the guide path.
An inner unit, wherein a sliding member is tightly and detachably connected to a guide unit (1) in a form-fixed manner with a sealing member interposed therebetween, and at least one lubricating device is provided in a region of an outer wall portion of the sliding member. A plurality of ring-shaped lubricant chambers (7), wherein at least one of the lubricant chambers (7) is provided with an inlet (8) and at least one self-closure is provided in each of the lubricant chambers (7). The sliding path guide unit according to claim 1, further comprising an outlet (9) for a lubricant capable of being provided, and an outlet (9) penetrating through the sliding member and opening to the guide path (10). 2. A slideway plan according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of lubricant chambers (7) are provided, the sliding members are axially spaced apart from each other and surround and are connected to each other. /> Inside unit. 3. Each of the lubricant chambers (7) is provided with three uniformly distributed outlets (9), and the outlets (9) of the adjacent lubricant chambers (7) are respectively displaced by 60 °. The slideway guide unit according to claim 2, wherein: 4. The slideway guide unit according to claim 1, wherein the inlet (8) is connected to the uppermost lubricant chamber (7) at the mounting position. . 5. Each of the uppermost lubricant chambers (7) is provided with an externally closed viewing opening (1) through a viewing glass (15).
The slideway guide unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising (6). 6. The outlet (9) is provided with a lid, slideway guide unit according to claim 1 when the applied pressure, characterized in that the opening of the outlet (9). 7. A outlet (9), according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a thin circle cylindrical cross-section conically in the direction of the guideway (10) slideways Information unit. 8. A displaceable sealing member is arranged in the conically tapered area of the outlet (9), the member partially projecting from the sliding member in an unloaded state. 6
Or the slideway guide unit according to 7. 9. A ball (1) having a spring-loaded sealing member.
The slideway guide unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the slideway guide unit is configured as (1). 10. The slideway guide unit according to claim 1, wherein the ball (11) is pressed by a compression spring (12) against the narrowing area of the outlet (9). 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet is closed by a cap at its end facing the ball.
Slideway guide unit. 12. The slideway guide unit according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic valve is provided at the outlet (9). 13. A guideway (10) is formed on the outer surface of the cylinder by a circle.
13. The guide according to claim 1, wherein the guide is configured as a pillar path and the cylinder is displaceably surrounded by a guide unit and a sliding member fixed to the guide unit. 14.
Slideway guide unit. 14. A bush (4) fitted with a sealing ring (17), which is arranged axially spaced apart from one another and surrounds the lubricant chamber (7). The slideway guide unit according to claim 13. 15. The lubricating chamber (7) is fitted on the inner wall of the guide unit (1).
15. The slideway guide unit according to any one of claims 14 to 14. 16. Lubricant chamber (7) with bush (4)
The slideway guide unit according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the slideway guide unit is incorporated in an outer wall portion of the slideway . 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lid of each outlet discharges a lubricant in response to a radial pressure upon introduction of the cylinder. of
Slideway guide unit. 18. A zimmer ring (1) surrounding at least one end of the bush (4) concentrically surrounding the column (6).
The slideway guide unit according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein 4) is fitted into the guide unit.