JP2632840B2 - New Math Caisson - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a pneumatic caisson that is used as a base member of a concrete structure buried underground or the like and that performs excavation work using compressed air.

(Prior art and its problems) Conventionally, this type of pneumatic caisson is configured as shown in FIG. That is, in the figure, 1 'is a caisson, S is a work room for excavation work and the like, 16 is an air lock for adjusting the air pressure, and the air lock 16 is an upper hatch.
16g and a lower hatch 16g '. Reference numeral 17 denotes a shaft for communicating the airlock 16 with the work room S, reference numeral 18 denotes a sediment bucket for transporting excavated sediment, reference numeral 19 denotes a crane,
1 'is a supply pipe and an exhaust pipe. G is the ground,
W is a load water for increasing the load of the caisson 1 '.

In the pneumatic caisson having the above structure, first, the work chamber S, the inside of the shaft 17 and the air lock 16
After pressurizing the inside, excavation of the ground G is started, and the excavated earth and sand generated thereby is loaded into the earth and sand bucket 18 and the shaft 17 is excavated.
Into the airlock 16. Next, lower hatch 16
After closing g ′ and depressurizing the inside of the air lock 16 through the exhaust pipe 11 ′, open the upper hatch 16g and
Take out 8 and carry out the earth and sand. The earth and sand bucket 18 is put into the airlock 16 again, the upper hatch 16g is closed, and the inside of the airlock 16 is pressurized. And these things are repeated to carry out the earth and sand.

However, the problem here is that there is a pressure difference between the space pressurized by the compressed air and the atmospheric pressure, so to enter and exit between them, provide an air lock 16 and put the earth and sand bucket 18 in and out. Each time the air pressure must be adjusted, it takes extra time and the operation is difficult, so it is not possible to carry out a large amount of earth and sand continuously, and the deeper the In addition, it takes a long time for the earth and sand bucket 18 to reciprocate between the ground and the work chamber, and the efficiency of earth and sand discharge is low. Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 59-45056 describes an excavator for a circular caisson, the outline of which is as follows.

That is, an airtight discharging device constituted by a rotary feeder is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the partition wall in an airtight manner,
The receiving side is communicated with a passage projecting from the partition wall, and the upper end of the inclined belt conveyor is inserted into the passage. The partition wall is formed in a substantially short cylindrical shape between the slabs provided on the upper and lower sides, the inner side is a pressure chamber communicating with the working chamber, and the space between the outer peripheral surface and the inner surface of the caisson is the aforementioned. It is an atmospheric pressure chamber located near the pneumatic chamber.

In the excavating and discharging apparatus configured as described above, the excavated earth and sand is transported to the inclined belt conveyor, transferred onto the belt conveyor and dropped into the hermetic discharging apparatus, and then, from the hermetic discharging apparatus, The bucket is dropped into the entrance of a bucket elevator provided in the atmosphere chamber, and the dropped earth and sand is transported to a sediment storage site.

However, in the above-described excavator, since the hermetic earth removal device is constituted by a rotary feeder, there is no problem in the case where the earth and sand consists only of relatively small ones,
If the gravel is relatively large, there is a problem that it cannot pass through the rotary feeder.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has been proposed in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently carrying out earth and sand even in a place having a pressure difference, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a pneumatic caisson that can surely carry out earth and sand even if it contains large gravel.

That is, in the present invention, a pneumatic chamber (A) communicating with the working chamber (S) is provided above the working chamber (S), and a sediment chamber (B) under atmospheric pressure is provided near the pneumatic chamber (A). A plurality of gates (6g, 6g, 6g, 6g) that are provided and that can be opened and closed by jacks (6j, 6j ') between the pneumatic chamber (A) and the sediment chamber (B).
g ′) are provided at intervals above and below, and an earth and sand hopper (6) is provided on the upper side as an input portion of the earth and sand (g). g), a grab bucket (8) for charging the same, and a sediment transport device (C) including a sediment transporter for transporting the excavated sediment (g) from the sediment hopper (6) to the sediment chamber (B). The earth and sand transporter is constituted by a screw conveyor, and achieves the above object.

Further, a pneumatic chamber (A) communicating with the working chamber (S) is provided above the working chamber (S), and a sediment chamber (B) under atmospheric pressure is provided near the pneumatic chamber (A). A grab bucket (8) is provided which is movable up and down and transports excavated earth (g), and is provided between the pneumatic chamber (A) and the earth and sand chamber (B), and is excavated by the grab bucket (8). And a soil transport device (C ′) for transporting the excavated soil (g) to the earth and sand chamber (B) is provided. The soil and sand transport device (C ′) is composed of a screw conveyor and has an end on the compressed air side. The part is provided with a first gate (7g ') and a sediment carrying-in port (7d') having a jack (7j ') capable of opening and closing the first gate (7g). Sediment transport having a gate (7g ") and a jack (7j") that can open and close the second gate (7g ") A configuration in which the mouth (7c ') are provided, have achieved the above objects.

(Function) In the present invention, a plurality of gates for preventing air leakage that can be opened and closed by jacks are provided at intervals above and below, and an earth and sand hopper whose upper side is used as a portion for inputting excavated earth and sand is provided. , The earth and sand can be carried out continuously from the compressed air to the atmospheric pressure in a large amount and in a short time without the need for managing the pressure in the compressed air chamber or the working chamber.

Further, in the present invention, the excavated earth and sand can be transported to the earth and sand transport device by a simple operation of putting the excavated earth and sand into the earth and sand hopper by the grab bucket.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since the jack is opened by the jack to form the opening of the earth and sand input portion on the upper side of the earth and sand hopper, even if the size of the opening of the gate is appropriately adjusted, even the gravel can be conveyed. It can be supplied to the equipment and transported to the sediment chamber.

(Embodiment) FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a pneumatic caisson according to the present invention, wherein 1 is a caisson, 2 is a side wall thereof, and a blade port 2a is formed at a lower portion thereof. Reference numeral 3 denotes a partition provided inside the side wall 2 and defines several chambers. Reference numeral 4 denotes a first slab which is a lower portion in the caisson and provided between the side walls 2, and performs excavation work and the like. The work room S is sectioned.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a second slab provided above the first slab 4 and between the partition walls 3 which define a chamber in the central portion. A pneumatic chamber A is formed between the second slab 5 and the first slab 4. Have been.

Further, a sediment chamber B for storing sediment and transporting it to the ground is provided near the pneumatic chamber A with a partition 3 interposed therebetween, and the sediment chamber B is kept under atmospheric pressure.

Thus, the first slab 4 is provided with a sediment discharge port 4h through which the working chamber S and the pressure chamber A provided above the work chamber S can communicate with each other. A sediment discharging machine such as a grab bucket 8 that can be raised and lowered is configured to be able to discharge the excavated sediment g in the working chamber S to the compressed air chamber A side. An openable and closable gate 13g operated by a jack 13j may be provided at the earth and sand discharge port 4h as needed.

The grab bucket 8 is movable via a rail 9 provided on the ceiling surface of the first slab 5, and the earth and sand in the grab bucket 8 is put into the earth and sand conveying device C and is conveyed to the earth and sand room B side. Is done.

In the present embodiment, the earth and sand transporting device C includes a sand and sand hopper 6 into which earth and sand are charged, and a casing 7a connected to the earth and sand hopper 6 and having a substantially cylindrical cross section. There is provided a sediment transporter such as a screw conveyor 7 which is hermetically penetrated through the partition wall 3 and which conveys dirt and sand to the earth and sand chamber B side by a rotatable screw 7b provided in a casing 7a. And earth and sand hopper 6
The upper part of FIG. 1 is an excavated earth and sand input section, and has a sediment storage chamber 6r inside which has a capacity not less than the capacity of the grab bucket 8, and the upper and lower sides of the sediment storage chamber 6r for storing the earth and sand, respectively. First and second gates 6g, 6g 'for preventing air leakage, which can be opened and closed by jacks 6j, 6j', are provided.

In this case, the first and second gates 6g, 6g 'and the jacks 6j, 6j' for opening and closing them are connected to the screw conveyor 7.
Or the earth and sand hopper 6 and the screw conveyor 7 may be provided one by one. Further, the earth and sand conveyor is not limited to the screw conveyor, but may be a sealed casing having a conveyor such as a belt conveyor or a plate feeder inside.

Further, in the above, the earth and sand transport device C may be provided with the earth and sand storage chamber 6r on the earth discharging port side of the earth and sand transport machine 7 without providing the earth and sand hopper 6.

Although only one set of the above apparatus is shown, an appropriate number of sets may be provided in the pneumatic chamber A and the screw conveyor 7 may be communicated with the separate earth and sand chamber B. A pair may be provided.

In the figures, reference numerals 11 and 11 'denote air supply and exhaust air supply pipes and exhaust pipes penetrating through the first slab 5, and 12 denotes a shaft connected to the first slab 5. An air lock (not shown) is provided as necessary.

Next, a method for carrying out earth and sand according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The ground G is excavated in the work room S, and the sediment g is excavated by the grab bucket 8 through the sediment discharge port 4h.
To At this time, the first gate 6g is open, but the second gate 6g 'is closed, so that the compressed air in the pressurized working chamber S and the pressurized chamber A does not leak outside through the screw conveyor 7. .

Next, when the first gate 6g is closed, the inside of the earth and sand hopper 6 is shut off from the compressed air chamber A. Therefore, even if the second gate 6g 'is opened, the compressed air in the working chamber S and the compressed air chamber A does not leak. Instead, the earth and sand is conveyed to the earth and sand chamber B through the earth and sand discharge port 7c of the screw conveyor 7, and then carried out to the ground by the grab bucket 10, so that the earth and sand can be carried out from the pressurized side to the atmospheric pressure. In this case, since the sediment storage room 6r provided in the sediment hopper 6 has a capacity equal to or greater than the capacity of the grab bucket 8, while the grab bucket 8 reciprocates between the work chamber S and the sediment hopper 6, What is necessary is just to carry out earth and sand to the earth and sand room B.

If such a method is performed, it is possible to carry out the earth and sand from the compressed air to the atmospheric pressure without adjusting the air pressure through the air lock as in the related art, and the screw conveyor 7 or the like may be used instead of the earth and sand bucket. By using a clamshell or the like, a large amount of earth and sand can be carried out continuously and in a short time. In the embodiment, the grab bucket 8 is used.
Although the soil is transported to the soil hopper 6 by a hopper, a bucket type vertical transport device such as a new versatile lifter or a pressure pump may be used.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. A pneumatic chamber A communicating with the working chamber S is provided above the working chamber S of the pneumatic caisson. B
Is provided. Further, as in the first embodiment described above, a grab bucket 8 which is movable in the pneumatic chamber A is provided in the pneumatic chamber A, and the sediment carried out of the working chamber S by the grab bucket 8 is sediment. It is thrown into the transport device C 'and transported to the earth and sand room B side.

In this embodiment, a casing 7a 'having a substantially cylindrical cross section is provided in the casing 7a' in an airtight manner in a partition wall 3 which separates a pressurized chamber A from a sediment chamber B under atmospheric pressure. An earth and sand transporter such as a screw conveyor 7 'for transporting earth and sand to the earth and sand chamber B side by a provided rotatable screw 7b' is provided. The inside of the casing 7a 'is larger than the capacity of the grab bucket 8, and the first and second gates for preventing air leakage which can be opened and closed by jacks 7j' and 7j "at both ends thereof. 7g 'and 7g "are provided. At the end of the screw conveyor 7 'on the compressed side, there is a sediment inlet 7d' having a first gate 7g 'and a jack 7j', and at the end on the atmospheric pressure side, a second gate 7g "and a jack 7j". And a sediment discharge port 7c '.

Next, a method for carrying out earth and sand according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The excavated earth and sand is put into the screw conveyor 7 'through the earth and sand entrance 7d' by the grab bucket 8. At this time, the first gate 7g 'is kept open, but the second gate 7g' is kept closed, so that the compressed air in the pressurized work chamber S and the pressurized chamber A leaks outside through the screw conveyor 7 '. If the screw is rotated while the earth and sand are charged, the earth and sand that has been injected are conveyed to the earth and sand chamber B side inside the screw conveyor 7 '.

Next, when the first gate 7g 'is closed, the inside of the screw conveyor 7' is shut off from the compressed air chamber A, so that the compressed air in the working chamber S and the compressed air chamber A leaks even when the second gate 7g "is opened. No, the earth and sand exit 7 of the screw conveyor 7 '
Since the earth and sand is conveyed to the earth and sand room B via c 'and thereafter carried out to the ground by the grab bucket 10 (not shown), the earth and sand can be carried out from the pressurized side to the atmospheric pressure.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, a pneumatic chamber communicating with the working chamber is provided at the upper part of the working chamber, a sediment chamber under atmospheric pressure is provided near the pneumatic chamber, and A plurality of gates for preventing air leakage that can be opened and closed by jacks between the earth and sand chambers are provided at intervals above and below, and an earth and sand hopper is provided on the upper side as a portion for inputting excavated earth and sand. Install a grab bucket into the hopper to put excavated earth and sand,
A sediment transport device consisting of a sediment transport device that transports excavated sediment from the sediment hopper to the sediment chamber side was provided.The sediment transport device was made up of a screw conveyor. There is an effect that a large amount of earth and sand can be continuously carried out from under pressure to under atmospheric pressure in a short period of time without the need for managing the pressure in the room.

Further, since the earth and sand can be accumulated in the earth and sand room, there is an effect that the excavation operation and the unloading operation can be performed separately.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the excavated earth and sand can be transported to the earth and sand transport device by a simple operation of putting the excavated earth and sand into the earth and sand hopper by the grab bucket.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since the jack is opened by the jack to form the opening of the earth and sand input portion on the upper side of the earth and sand hopper, even if the size of the opening of the gate is appropriately adjusted, even the gravel can be conveyed. It can be supplied to the equipment and transported to the sediment chamber.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an embodiment according to the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 3 shows a conventional example. S: Working room, A: Pneumatic chamber, B: Earth and sand room, C, C '...
… Soil transport equipment, 6g, 6g ′, 7g ′, 7g ″… Gate

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hideo Imamura 1-24-4 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Daitoyo Construction Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-63-206524 (JP, A) JP-A-7 JP-A-7-119155 (JP, A) JP-A-55-136844 (JP, U) JP-A-51-70032 (JP, U) JP-B-59-45056 (JP, B2) )

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A pressure chamber (A) communicating with the work chamber (S) is provided above the work chamber (S), and a sediment chamber (B) under atmospheric pressure is provided near the pressure chamber (A). And a plurality of gates (6g, 6g ') for preventing air leaks which can be opened and closed by jacks (6j, 6j') between the compressed air chamber (A) and the earth and sand chamber (B), which are vertically spaced from each other, An earth and sand hopper (6) whose upper side is used as an excavation earth and sand (g) charging section is provided, and a grab bucket (8) which is freely movable up and down and in which the earth and sand (g) is injected into the earth and sand hopper (6) is provided. This earth and sand hopper (6)
A pneumatic caisson, comprising: a soil transport device (C) comprising a soil transport device for transporting excavated earth (g) from the soil to the soil chamber (B) side, wherein the soil transport device comprises a screw conveyor. 2. A pneumatic chamber (A) communicating with the working chamber (S) is provided above the working chamber (S), and a sediment chamber (B) under atmospheric pressure is provided near the pneumatic chamber (A). A grab bucket (8) which is movable up and down to transfer excavated earth (g), and is provided between the compressed air chamber (A) and the earth and sand chamber (B);
And the earth (g) excavated by the grab bucket (8).
And a soil transport device (C ′) for transporting the excavated soil (g) to the earth and sand chamber (B) is provided. The soil and sand transport device (C ′) is composed of a screw conveyor and has an end on the compressed air side. There is provided a first gate (7g ') and a sediment inlet (7d') having a jack (7j ') capable of opening and closing the first gate (7g'), and an end on the atmospheric pressure side has a first gate (7g '). A pneumatic caisson characterized by being provided with a sediment discharge port (7c ') having two gates (7g ") and a jack (7j") capable of opening and closing the second gate (7g ").