JP2670146B2 - Fuel cell source gas humidity control system - Google Patents
Fuel cell source gas humidity control systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP2670146B2 JP2670146B2 JP1152139A JP15213989A JP2670146B2 JP 2670146 B2 JP2670146 B2 JP 2670146B2 JP 1152139 A JP1152139 A JP 1152139A JP 15213989 A JP15213989 A JP 15213989A JP 2670146 B2 JP2670146 B2 JP 2670146B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- raw material
- gas
- diffusion film
- material gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の電解質膜に
最適な含水率を保持するために、燃料電池に供給する直
前の原料ガスに対して調湿する装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to a raw material gas immediately before being supplied to a fuel cell in order to maintain an optimum water content in an electrolyte membrane of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. For humidity control equipment.
（従来の技術） 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池では、電解質膜を常時一
定の湿潤状態に保持する必要がある。電解質膜が乾燥す
ると、イオン導電度が低下するとともに、膜と電極との
接合不良を起こして出力の急激な低下を来す。(Prior Art) In a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, it is necessary to always keep the electrolyte membrane in a constant wet state. When the electrolyte membrane is dried, the ionic conductivity is reduced, and a poor connection between the membrane and the electrode is caused to cause a sharp decrease in output.
従来、電解質膜に水分を補給する方法として、原料ガ
スの中で水素ガスに対し水蒸気を添加して燃料電池に供
給する方法があった。Conventionally, as a method of supplying water to an electrolyte membrane, there has been a method of adding water vapor to hydrogen gas in a raw material gas and supplying the hydrogen gas to a fuel cell.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 燃料電池を定常運転するときには、原料ガスの供給量
も一定であり、燃料電池の電解質膜を一定の湿潤状態に
維持するために必要な水蒸気供給量も一定であるところ
から、原料ガスに対して経験的に一定の水蒸気を添加す
ればよい。しかし、燃料電池に負荷変動が生ずるときに
は、これに対応するように原料ガスの供給量を変化させ
る必要があり、また、燃料電池の発熱量も変動するの
で、両者を考慮して原料ガスへの水蒸気の添加量を制御
する必要があるが、この制御は大変難しい。また、燃料
電池の負荷変動に対する応答速度も要求される。さら
に、この制御には、種々のセンサーや制御手段を必要と
するため、装置が複雑になる。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) During steady operation of a fuel cell, the supply amount of the raw material gas is also constant, and the steam supply amount required to maintain the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell in a constant wet state is also constant. From a certain point, it is sufficient to empirically add a constant amount of water vapor to the raw material gas. However, when a load fluctuation occurs in the fuel cell, it is necessary to change the supply amount of the raw material gas to correspond to this, and the calorific value of the fuel cell also changes. It is necessary to control the amount of water vapor added, but this control is very difficult. Further, the response speed to the load fluctuation of the fuel cell is also required. Further, this control requires various sensors and control means, which complicates the apparatus.
本発明は、上記の問題点を解消し、負荷変動に対して
も特別な調湿制御手段を用いることなく、電解質膜の含
水率を高い応答速度で一定に保持することを可能にし
た、原料ガスの調湿装置を提供しようとするものであ
る。The present invention has solved the above problems and has made it possible to keep the water content of the electrolyte membrane constant at a high response speed without using a special humidity control means even for a load change. It is intended to provide a gas humidity control device.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明は、（１）固体高分子電極質型燃料電池に供給
する原料ガスを調湿する装置において、燃料電池に流入
する直前の上記原料ガスの流路と、燃料電池から流出し
た直後の冷却水の流路とを、水蒸気を透過するガス拡散
膜で分離したことを特徴とする燃料電池の原料ガスの調
湿装置、（２）上記ガス拡散膜として円筒状のガス拡散
膜を用い、上記原料ガス流路と上記冷却水流路とを該ガ
ス拡散膜で分離したことを特徴とする上記（１）記載の
燃料電池の原料ガスの調湿装置、及び（３）上記ガス拡
散膜として板状のガス拡散膜を用い、該板状のガス拡散
膜の一方側に上記冷却水流路を形成し、他方側に上記燃
料電池の原料ガス流路を形成し、上記の２つの流路を上
記のガス拡散膜により分離したことを特徴とする上記
（１）又は（２）記載の燃料電池の原料ガスの調湿装置
である。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention relates to (1) an apparatus for controlling the humidity of a raw material gas to be supplied to a solid polymer electrode type fuel cell, and a flow path of the raw material gas immediately before flowing into the fuel cell. A humidity control device for a raw material gas of a fuel cell, characterized in that a flow path of cooling water immediately after flowing out from the fuel cell is separated by a gas diffusion film permeable to water vapor, (2) a cylinder as the gas diffusion film (1) the fuel gas raw material gas humidity control apparatus according to (1), wherein the raw material gas flow path and the cooling water flow path are separated by the gas diffusion film using 3) using a plate-shaped gas diffusion film as the gas diffusion film, forming the cooling water flow path on one side of the plate-shaped gas diffusion film, and forming the raw material gas flow path of the fuel cell on the other side; The above two flow paths are separated by the above gas diffusion film, A humidifier for controlling a raw material gas of a fuel cell according to (1) or (2) above.
（作用） 第１図は、本発明に係る原料ガス調湿装置と固体高分
子電解質型燃料電池本体との関係を示した流れ図であ
る。(Operation) FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the relationship between the raw material gas humidity control apparatus according to the present invention and the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body.
第１図では、水蒸気を透過するガス拡散膜で原料ガス
流路と冷却水流路に分離した原料ガス調湿装置１を、燃
料電池本体２の直前にを配置し、燃料電池本体を冷却し
て、それ自体は加熱された冷却水３を原料ガス調湿装置
１に導入し、水素ガス、必要に応じた酸素ガスについて
もガス拡散膜を介して接触させ、接触時の温度に対応す
る水蒸気分圧で原料ガス中に水蒸気を添加し、原料ガス
中の水蒸気分圧の方が高いときには水分を冷却水側に移
行させる。In FIG. 1, a raw material gas humidity control apparatus 1 separated into a raw material gas flow path and a cooling water flow path with a gas diffusion film that permeates water vapor is placed immediately before the fuel cell body 2 to cool the fuel cell body. Itself, the heated cooling water 3 is introduced into the raw material gas humidity control apparatus 1, and hydrogen gas and oxygen gas as needed are also contacted via a gas diffusion film, and the water vapor content corresponding to the temperature at the time of contact is reached. Water vapor is added to the raw material gas at a pressure, and when the partial pressure of water vapor in the raw material gas is higher, water is transferred to the cooling water side.
このように、燃料電池の直前に本発明の調湿装置を設
けることにより、燃料電池の負荷変動に応じて、冷却水
から原料ガスへの水蒸気の添加量が自動的に調節され、
燃料電池の固体高分子電解質膜を最適な湿潤状態に保持
することが可能になった。In this way, by providing the humidity control device of the present invention immediately before the fuel cell, the amount of water vapor added from the cooling water to the raw material gas is automatically adjusted according to the load fluctuation of the fuel cell,
It has become possible to keep the solid polymer electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell in an optimal wet state.
第２図及び第３図は、本発明の原料ガス調湿装置の具
体的な構造を示した概念図である。FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are conceptual diagrams showing a specific structure of the raw material gas humidity control apparatus of the present invention.
第２図は、円筒状ガス拡散膜を用いた原料ガス調湿装
置であって、該ガス拡散膜６を導管７の中心に配置し、
流路８及び９を形成する。これらの流路の一方には燃料
電池から流出する冷却水を、他方には燃料電池に供給す
る原料ガスを流すようにしたものである。なお、冷却水
を外側の流路９に流すときには、外気により冷却水が冷
却され、その分、原料ガスへの水蒸気の供給量が低下す
るので、冷却水の放熱を防ぐために導管を断熱材で包む
必要がある。FIG. 2 is a raw material gas humidity control apparatus using a cylindrical gas diffusion film, in which the gas diffusion film 6 is arranged at the center of the conduit 7.
The channels 8 and 9 are formed. Cooling water flowing out from the fuel cell is passed through one of these flow paths, and raw material gas supplied to the fuel cell is passed through the other. When the cooling water is allowed to flow through the outer flow passage 9, the cooling water is cooled by the outside air, and the amount of supply of water vapor to the raw material gas is reduced by that amount. Need to wrap up.
第３図は、板状ガス拡散膜を用いた原料ガス調湿装置
であって、２枚の板状ガス拡散膜10で冷却水流路11を形
成し、ガス拡散膜の背面に対して、水素ガス溝14を設け
た水素ガスセパレータ12と、酸素ガス溝15を設けた酸素
ガスセパレータ13を接合したものである。なお、水素ガ
スにのみ水蒸気を補給する場合は、酸素ガスセパレータ
側の板状ガス拡散膜の代わりにガスを透過しない板を用
いて冷却水流路を形成すればよい。FIG. 3 is a raw material gas humidity control apparatus using a plate-shaped gas diffusion film, in which a cooling water channel 11 is formed by two plate-shaped gas diffusion films, and hydrogen is provided on the back surface of the gas diffusion film. A hydrogen gas separator 12 provided with a gas groove 14 and an oxygen gas separator 13 provided with an oxygen gas groove 15 are joined together. In addition, when replenishing water vapor only to hydrogen gas, a plate that does not permeate gas may be used instead of the plate-shaped gas diffusion film on the oxygen gas separator side to form the cooling water flow path.
本発明の原料ガス調湿装置に用いるガス拡散膜は、疎
水性のガス拡散膜であればその種類を問わない。The gas diffusion film used in the raw material gas humidity control apparatus of the present invention may be of any type as long as it is a hydrophobic gas diffusion film.
（発明の効果） 本発明は、上記の構成を採用し、ガス拡散膜を介して
冷却水と原料ガスとを対峙させるという極めて簡単な構
造の調湿装置を燃料電池の直前に配置することにより、
燃料電池の負荷変動にともなう原料ガスの供給量の変化
並びに燃料電池の発熱量の変動に即応して、原料ガスに
対して最適な水蒸気の補給若しくは水分の除去を行うこ
とを可能とした。(Effects of the Invention) The present invention adopts the above configuration, and arranges a humidity control device having a very simple structure in which cooling water and a raw material gas are opposed to each other via a gas diffusion film, in front of a fuel cell. ,
In response to a change in the supply amount of the raw material gas and a change in the calorific value of the fuel cell due to a change in the load of the fuel cell, it is possible to optimally supply water vapor or remove moisture from the raw material gas.
第１図は本発明の原料ガス調湿装置と燃料電池本体との
関係を示した流れ図、第２図及び第３図は本発明の原料
ガス調湿装置の具体的な構造を示した概念図である。FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the relationship between the source gas humidity control apparatus of the present invention and the fuel cell main body, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are conceptual diagrams showing the specific structure of the source gas humidity control apparatus of the present invention. Is.
Claims (3)
料ガスを調湿する装置において、燃料電池に流入する直
前の上記原料ガスの流路と、燃料電池から流出した直後
の冷却水の流路とを、水蒸気を透過するガス拡散膜で分
離したことを特徴とする燃料電池の原料ガスの調湿装
置。An apparatus for controlling the humidity of a raw material gas supplied to a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, wherein a flow path of the raw material gas immediately before flowing into the fuel cell and a flow of cooling water immediately after flowing out of the fuel cell. A humidity control device for a raw material gas of a fuel cell, characterized in that the gas passage is separated from the passage by a gas diffusion film that transmits water vapor.
を用い、上記原料ガス流路と上記冷却水流路とを該ガス
拡散膜で分離したことを特徴とする請求項（１）記載の
燃料電池の原料ガスの調湿装置。2. The gas diffusion film according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical gas diffusion film is used as the gas diffusion film, and the raw material gas flow path and the cooling water flow path are separated by the gas diffusion film. Humidity control device for fuel cell raw material gas.
用い、該板状のガス拡散膜の一方側に上記冷却水流路を
形成し、他方側に上記燃料電池の原料ガス流路を形成
し、上記の２つの流路を上記のガス拡散膜により分離し
たことを特徴とする請求項（１）又は（２）記載の燃料
電池の原料ガスの調湿装置。3. A plate-shaped gas diffusion film is used as the gas diffusion film, the cooling water flow path is formed on one side of the plate-shaped gas diffusion film, and the raw material gas flow path of the fuel cell is formed on the other side. 3. The humidity control apparatus for a raw material gas of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fuel gas is formed and the two flow paths are separated by the gas diffusion film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1152139A JP2670146B2 (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Fuel cell source gas humidity control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1152139A JP2670146B2 (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Fuel cell source gas humidity control system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0320971A JPH0320971A (en) | 1991-01-29 |
| JP2670146B2 true JP2670146B2 (en) | 1997-10-29 |
Family
ID=15533895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1152139A Expired - Lifetime JP2670146B2 (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Fuel cell source gas humidity control system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2670146B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2761066B2 (en) | 1989-12-28 | 1998-06-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell device and power generation method |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5382478A (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1995-01-17 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with humidification section located upstream from the electrochemically active section |
| DE10103568A1 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-08-14 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Process for improving the water balance of fuel cells |
| JP5019672B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2012-09-05 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Humidifier |
| JP5019673B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2012-09-05 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Humidifier |
| US6869709B2 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2005-03-22 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Fuel cell system with improved humidification system |
| JP5346091B2 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2013-11-20 | ベレノス・クリーン・パワー・ホールディング・アーゲー | Fuel cell system including heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530886A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1985-07-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for humidifying a gaseous fuel stream |
| JPS63236519A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-03 | Ube Ind Ltd | How to treat hazardous waste gas |
-
1989
- 1989-06-16 JP JP1152139A patent/JP2670146B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2761066B2 (en) | 1989-12-28 | 1998-06-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell device and power generation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0320971A (en) | 1991-01-29 |
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