JP2692798B2 - Shearing machine - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a shearing machine, and more specifically, it is needless to say that the clearance and the rake angle can be adjusted according to the plate thickness of the material to be sheared. The present invention relates to a shearing machine capable of detecting a shear length of a material to be sheared and adjusting a stroke length of a ram according to the detected shear length. [Technical Background of the Invention and Problems of Prior Art] Originally, in order to perform high-quality shearing work with high efficiency using a shearing machine, the upper blade and the lower blade should be selected depending on the machinability and thickness of the plate to be sheared. It is necessary to adjust the clearance between the blades and the rake angle. Further, it is necessary to change the stroke range of the ram holding the upper blade according to the shear length of the plate to be sheared so as to prevent unnecessary unnecessary shearing. In other words, this is because the clearance and rake angle are increased for plate materials with low machinability and the required shearing force is suppressed to a low level. Since the shearing is completed, shortening the stroke range enables high-quality shearing work with high efficiency. Among the above-mentioned characteristics of the plate to be sheared, the material is not changed frequently and can be visually recognized, but the plate thickness and the shear length are changed for each work lot, so that they are drastically changed. On the other hand, the conventional shearing machine manually measures the thickness and shear length of the material to be sheared each time, and manually adjusts the clearance between the upper and lower blades, the rake angle, and the stroke range of the ram by the measured values. It was complicated and inefficient. [Object of the Invention and Outline thereof] The present invention has been made for the purpose of eliminating the above-mentioned inconveniences of the conventional shearing machine, and the thickness and shearing length of the plate to be sheared carried into the shearing machine are automatically and instantaneously. (EN) A shearing machine that automatically detects the clearance between the upper and lower blades, the rake angle, and the stroke range of the upper blade by detecting and calculating the numerical value. [Embodiment of the Invention] FIG. 1 shows a shearing machine 1 equipped with the device of the present invention.
In the front view of Fig. 3, a frame structure is formed between the side plates 3 and 3 standing up on both sides by a solid front plate 5, a table 7, a crown portion 9 and a lower front plate 11. A part of the front plate 5 is provided with a control device 13 for designating the dimensional position of the back gauge, starting, emergency stop, etc., and drives a ram 15 (see FIG. 2) on the upper left and right of the crown part. A large diameter fluid pressure cylinder 17 and a small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19 are provided. Further, at the lower end of the front plate, there is provided a plate pressing device 23 for pressurizing and fixing the material to be sheared 21 (see FIGS. 11 and 12) on the table 7, and the material to be sheared is provided in front of the plate pressing device 23 of the table 7. A plurality of detecting devices 25 for detecting the plate thickness T of 21 are provided so as to project from the front plate 11. Further, a light receiver housing 29 is provided at a position corresponding to the irradiation device 27 of the crown portion 9 for detecting the shearing length L of the material 21 to be sheared in a part of the table 7. Next, based on FIGS. 2, 3, 4A and 4B, the upper blade 31 attached to the lower end of the ram 15 is fixed to the rear end shoulder of the table 7 and the lower blade 33 (see FIG. 3). An example of a mechanism for automatically changing the rake angle α for First, in the hydraulic piping diagram of the hydraulically operated shearing machine 1 shown in FIG. 3, the lower end of the large diameter fluid pressure cylinder 17 is connected to the upper end of the small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19 by an oil passage 35,
The cross-sectional area of the upper chamber of the small-diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19 is set smaller than the cross-sectional area of the large-diameter fluid pressure cylinder 17 by the cross-section integral of the piston rod. Therefore, of course, when the upper limit operating valve 37 is closed,
As shown in the drawing, even when the ram 15 is at the upper limit position and the upper limit operation valve 37 is open, if the first rake angle variable valve 39 and the second rake angle variable valve 41 are closed, the shearing is performed. The rake angle α with respect to the lower blade 33 of the upper blade 31 during operation of the machine 1 is unchanged. That is, when pressure oil is sent from the pump 43 to the upper part of the large diameter hydraulic cylinder 17 via the oil passage switching valve 45, the piston of the large diameter hydraulic cylinder 17 descends, and the piston of the small diameter hydraulic cylinder 19 also descends by exactly the same distance. . Conversely, when the pressure oil from the pump 43 is sent to the lower end of the small diameter hydraulic cylinder 19, the piston of the small diameter hydraulic cylinder 19 rises and the piston of the large diameter hydraulic cylinder 17 also rises by the same distance, so there is no change in the rake angle α. There is no. FIG. 2 is a pipe line between the upper limit operating valve 37, the first rake angle variable valve 39 and the second rake angle variable valve 41 of FIG.
The selection mechanism 49 of the variable rake angle variable valve provided in 47 is shown. The selection mechanism 49 includes a pipeline 53 connected to the pipeline 47 and the pressure accumulator 51, and a drain pipeline after the second rake angle variable valve 41.
It is arranged in a pipe with 55, and like the large-diameter fluid pressure cylinder 17 and the small-diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19, is a disc-shaped member that is pivotally supported by a cross-shaped bracket 57 as shown in FIG. Face cam
Mainly 59. As is apparent from FIG. 2, a servomotor 61 is provided in the crown portion 9 of the shearing machine 1, and the lead screw 63 is rotated by the forward / reverse rotation of the servomotor 61, and the slider 65 screwed to the lead screw 63 is vertically installed on the crown portion 9. Guided by the bar 67, it is vertically positioned. Upper and lower limit switches 69 and 71 of the slider 65 are provided above and below the guide bar 67 to regulate the upper and lower limits. The slider 65 is provided with a seesaw-shaped rod 75 pivotally attached by a shaft pin 73, one end of which is a link 77 on one part of the surface cam 59 and the other end is a link 79 near the end of the ram 15. Is swingably connected to an appropriate part of the. First rake angle variable valve 39 and second rake angle variable valve
41 has almost the same size and diameter, and is provided above and below a cross-shaped bracket 57, for example, as shown in FIG. 4B, and a poppet check valve equipped with ammunition 81, 83 is formed in the center hole thereof. . The surface cam 59 described above loosely fits steel balls 89, 91 into the ball receiving holes 85, 87 made in the vertical plate of the cross-shaped bracket 57, and the poppets 93, 95 are pushed by the urging force of the ammunition 81, 83. Steel ball 8
The 9,91 is urged and pressed toward the surface cam 59. Further, in the surface cam 59, two broken lines in the center shown in FIG. 4A are slopes, the left side is a thick part and the right side is a thin part. Therefore, when the slope of the broken line is vertical as shown in FIG. 4A, both the first rake angle variable valve 39 and the second rake angle variable valve 41 are closed as shown in FIGS. 4B and 3. From this state, whichever valve the surface cam 59 is turned to, one of the valves remains open and the other valves remain closed. Therefore, the plate thickness detection device 25 described above detects the plate thickness T of the material to be sheared 21 carried on the table 7 to detect, for example, the rake angle α.
The ram 15 is naturally in the upper limit stop state at the time of issuing the command to increase. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper limit operation valve 37, the first rake angle variable valve 39, and the second rake angle variable valve 41 are in the closed state, and the seesaw-shaped rod 75 is in a substantially horizontal state as shown in FIG. Further, the sloped portion of the surface cam 59 indicated by the broken line is substantially vertical, and both the rake angle variable valves 39 and 41 described above are closed. The command to increase the rake angle α is given by the servo motor 61.
Is rotated by a desired amount to raise the slider 65 via the lead screw 63. The current rake angle α remains near the right end of the ram 15 shown in FIG. 2, and the right end of the seesaw-shaped rod 75 is immovable because it is connected to the ram 15 by the link 79.
The shaft 75 rotates around the shaft pin 73 and is inclined to the upper left. Therefore, the link 77 rotates the surface cam 59 in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 2 (clockwise direction in FIG. 4A). By such rotation of the surface cam 59, the second rake angle variable valve 41 is opened, and the first rake angle variable valve 39 remains closed. Thus, since the piston of the small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19 receives the set oil pressure of the pressure accumulator 51 on its lower surface, the pressure oil in the pipe line 35 is discharged from the drain circuit 55 of the second rake angle variable valve 41. . As a result, the piston of the small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19 rises, the right end of the ram 15 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 rises, the rake angle α increases, and the seesaw rod 75 gradually returns to the original horizontal state. The desired rake angle α is increased. When the seesaw-shaped rod 75 is returned to its original horizontal position,
15 is a new rake angle α and all valves are third
It is nothing but a return to the state shown in Figs. 4A and 4B. The rake angle α of the ram 15 is also reduced by lowering the slider 65, and the accumulator pipe 53 is connected to the pipe 35 connecting the large diameter fluid pressure cylinder 17 and the small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19.
From this, the pressure oil is caused to flow in with a pressure difference based on the difference in the area above and below the piston of the small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19. Since the other parts have the same logic, duplicate description will be omitted. Next, the clearance adjusting mechanism of the hydraulic shearing machine 1 as shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 5B. FIG. 5A shows the ram from above the small hydraulic cylinder 19 in FIG.
FIG. 15 is a plan view of one end of the table 15, and the lower blade 33 shown in the figure is attached to the rear end (lower end in FIG. 5A) shoulder portion of the table 7. Although the upper blade 31 is not shown, the lower blade 33 at the lower end of the ram 15
Side, and the upper end of the ram 15 has a small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19
Ram 15 via ball joint 97 to the lower end of the piston
The rake angle α can be adjusted to freely change the tilt angle. Further, the lower end of the ram 15 moves toward and away from the lower blade 33 so that the clearance CL (see FIG. 8) between the lower blade 33 and the upper blade 31 can be changed. That is, three give plates that guide the ends of the ram 15.
A channel block 109, in which 99 and 103 are fixed to each other by a push bolt 105 and a pull bolt 107, is provided between the front plate 5, the side plate 3 and the rear plate 111. This channel block 109 has the head of the draw bolt 107
As shown in FIG. 5B, for example, it is slidable only in the horizontal direction by being restricted by the groove of the side plate 3, and is urged toward the front plate 5 by a powerful bullet such as a disc spring 113. Further, between the front plate 5 and the channel block 109, there is provided a slide lifting / lowering body 115 which comes into contact with the channel block 109 on a mutually inclined surface, and can be lifted / lowered by being screwed with a bevel gear shaft 117. The bevel gear shaft 117 is driven in the forward / reverse direction by a corresponding horizontal bevel gear shaft 121 by a bevel gear 119 provided at the upper end. The three gib plates 99, 101, 103 are provided at a portion in contact with the ram 15 such as a slippery metal 123 such as an oil-impregnated bearing.
Are attached with a bonding material 125 such as brazing. Thus, the horizontal bevel gear shaft 121 is normally or reversely rotated to a clearance CL corresponding to the thickness T of the material to be sheared 21 by a servomotor or the like, thereby moving and positioning the channel block 109 up and down in FIG. 5A to obtain a desired clearance CL. To get. FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 are examples showing a mechanism for automatically adjusting the stroke region S according to the shear length L of the material 21 to be sheared. A connecting rod 127 provided in a part of the ram 15 shown in FIG. 8 is a rear longitudinal link 129 penetrating through the vertical slot of the front plate 5.
This link 129 is transmitted to a dog 133 which can be raised and lowered along a vertical guide bar 131. On the other hand, the upper limit setting limit switch group according to the sheared length L
135 and lower limit setting Bevel gear shafts 139 and 1 that move forward and reverse with a servo motor that moves and positions the limit switch group 137
41 and 41 are provided separately on the front plate 5. The rotations of these bevel gear shafts 139 and 141 are transmitted to the vertical lead screws 147 and 149 by the bevel gears 143 and 145 which form a pair, and nut members 151 and 153 that are screwed together.
The upper limit setting limit switch group 135 and the lower limit setting limit switch group 137 are moved and positioned on the vertical guide bar 155 with. Each limit switch group 135, 137 is equipped with three sets of limit switches for instructing deceleration, slow speed, and stop. 10A and 10B show a clearance adjusting mechanism between the upper blade and the lower blade of the swing type shearing machine as a second embodiment of the present invention. An oscillating shearing machine is, for example, provided with a side plate 3 having a relatively deep depth, a solid eccentric shaft provided substantially horizontally behind it, and oscillating arm members having a substantially triangular shape provided from the upper and lower ends of both ends of the ram 15. The ram 15 is swingably provided on the eccentric shaft portion, and the left and right ends of the ram 15 are simultaneously moved up and down to perform shearing work between the upper and lower blades. In such an oscillating shearing machine, as shown in FIG. 10A, for example, a worm gear 159 is rotated forward and backward in proportion to the plate thickness T by an electric motor 157 such as a servo motor, and a worm wheel 161 is rotated forward or backward by a small angle. Converted to
A solid rocking shaft 167 on the rear side of the side plate is rotated via a pinion gear 163 and a sector gear 165 that rotate integrally. Thus, a very small amount of forward / backward movement of the eccentric shaft 169 can be controlled and set. The eccentric shaft 169 raises and lowers at the same time as it moves forward and backward, but generally the clearance CL range is about 0.5 to 0.7 mm and does not fluctuate beyond 1 mm. Even if it is moved up and down by 1 mm, it does not affect the processing quality. Dog 171 is attached to the worm wheel 161,
An appropriate number of limit switches 173 are provided on the outer periphery of the worm wheel 161 of the side plate 3 for each desired angle to detect the clearance adjustment amount. FIG. 11 is an apparatus for automatically measuring the plate thickness T of the material to be sheared 21 by utilizing the monochromaticity of the laser beam, for example, directly above a specific point of the material to be sheared 21 sent to the table 7 of the shearing machine 1. An oscillator 175 that horizontally emits the laser oscillation lights L ₁ and L ₂ is provided at a predetermined distance. A pair of reflecting mirrors 177, 17 provided so as to sandwich the laser oscillator.
It is made incident on a point P on the upper surface of the table 7 through 7 at an equal angle of 1 / 2Q. When the material 21 to be sheared with the thickness T is arranged on the point P,
As shown in the figure, two light spots A and B are obtained. The reflected light from these light points A and B is imaged on the rotary slit drum 181 through the objective lens 179. Through a slit that scans the image plane, the reflected light in the optical-electrical signal converter 183 is guided to an element 185 that converts the reflected light into an electric signal, and a pulse from a separately provided pulse generator 187 and its converter are provided. The thickness T of the material to be sheared 21 can be measured by measuring the interval between two pulses with the obtained pulse. That is, in this case, T = d / 2tan (Q / 2) d / 2 = T × tan between the distance d between the light points A and B on the material 21 to be sheared and the thickness T of the material 21 to be sheared. The relation of (Q / 2) is established. That is, the thickness T of the material to be sheared can be measured by measuring the distance d between the light spots A and B. FIG. 12 shows an example of a device for detecting the shear length L of the material to be sheared 21. As shown in FIG. 1, a light receiver 189 whose top surface is aligned with the table 7 is provided, and the bottom of the light receiver 189 is provided. A large number of narrow photoelectric devices (not shown) are provided at intervals of 1 mm, for example. On the upper surface of the above-mentioned light receiver 189, there is a window portion 1 capable of transmitting light rays
91 is provided. A reciprocating device 193 that moves in parallel with the light receiver 189 is provided above the light receiver 189, and a base 195 thereof is provided.
A reflective housing 199 containing a prism 197 is provided therein. A narrow spot-shaped beam of light emitted from the laser light source 201 is reflected at a right angle by the prism 197, and reciprocates from one end to the other while irradiating the photoelectric element array in the light receiver. Thus, the material to be sheared 21 is reciprocated above the device.
The desired shear length L can be immediately detected if it is carried in in the direction orthogonal to the reciprocating motion of. The shearing machine 1 of the present invention described in detail above is
As shown in the block diagram of FIG. 9, in the built-in computer device 203, the dimensions between the ball joints 97 of the large diameter fluid pressure cylinder 17 and the small diameter fluid pressure cylinder 19, the height positions of the gib plates 99, 101, 103, and the ball joints are previously set. Various machine-specific data 205 such as the height position of 97 are stored. Next, various data from the sensor 207 such as the photoelectric element 185 is transmitted to the computer 203 via the amplifier 209, and is calculated including the above-mentioned various machine-specific data to the operation box 211. Instruct to change the position. Thus, the shearing machine of the present invention automatically obtains the optimum rake angle and clearance simply by loading the material to be sheared onto the table, and has the effect of obtaining the stroke upper and lower limit settings that minimize idle time. Of. [Effects of the Invention] As will be understood from the above description of the embodiments, in short, the present invention provides the lower blade (33) attached to the table (7).
A plate thickness detection for detecting the plate thickness of the material to be sheared (21) by providing a ram (15) attached with an upper blade (31) for shearing the material to be sheared (21) in cooperation with A device (25) is provided, and the clearance between the lower blade (33) and the upper blade (31) and the upper blade (31) with respect to the lower blade (33) are based on the detection value of the plate thickness detection device (25). ) Of the ram (15) is automatically adjustable, the upper limit position switch for setting the upper limit position of the ram (15) and the lower limit setting for setting the lower limit position of the ram (15). A switch is provided so that the position can be automatically adjusted in the vertical direction, and a detection device for detecting the shear length of the material to be sheared (21) on the table (7) is provided. For automatically adjusting the upper and lower positions of the upper limit setting switch and the lower limit setting switch. Of computer equipment (20
3) is provided. With the above configuration, according to the present invention, when the plate thickness of the material to be sheared 21 is detected by the plate thickness detection device 25, the lower blade 33 and the upper blade 31
The clearance between and the rake angle of the upper blade 31 relative to the lower blade 33 is automatically adjusted, of course, when the shear length of the material to be sheared 21 is detected by the detection device, The upper and lower positions of the upper limit setting switch for setting the upper limit position and the lower limit setting switch for setting the lower limit position are automatically adjusted.
Since the stroke length does not become excessive and is always automatically maintained at the stroke length corresponding to the shear length, it is possible to perform efficient shearing with little waste in the stroke length.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front view of a shearing machine as an example machine embodying the present invention, in which an upper blade is moved up and down along a guide by a hydraulic device, or the upper blade is supported on both side walls. The method of swinging by an eccentric shaft is shown. FIG. 2 is a view showing a hydraulic pipe for adjusting a rake angle of a system in which an upper blade of the shearing machine shown in FIG. 1 is moved up and down along a guide groove by a hydraulic device. FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of FIG. 4A and 4B are a plan view and a central sectional view showing the structure of the cam rotary valve in the hydraulic circuit diagram of FIG. FIGS. 5A and 5B are partial cross-sectional plan views of a gib portion which guides the ram of the hydraulic shearing machine shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a rear view for explaining a stroke adjusting mechanism of the ram provided on one side of the ram shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7 is a left side view of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a right side surface of FIG. The figure is shown. FIG. 9 is a control block diagram for adjusting the clearance between the upper and lower blades, the rake angle, and the stroke range of the ram by detecting the thickness and shear length of the plate to be sheared, and FIG. 10A is a hydraulically driven swing type shearing machine. FIG. 10B is an automatic clearance adjustment mechanism diagram in FIG. 10, and FIG. 10B is a sectional view taken along the line XB-XB in FIG. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the plate thickness detecting device, and FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the shear length detecting device. (Explanation of the symbols showing the main part of the drawing) 1 ... Shearing machine, 7 ... Table 17 ... Large diameter fluid pressure cylinder 21 ... Sheared material, 25 ... Plate thickness detection device 27 ... Irradiation device, 29 …… Receiver housing 39 …… First rake angle variable valve 49 …… Valve selection mechanism, 59 …… Surface cam 65 …… Slider 109 …… Channel block 115 …… Slide elevator 165 …… Sector gear, 169… … Eccentric shaft 193 …… Reciprocating device

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (56) Reference JP-A-57-132914 (JP, A)                 61-64920 (JP, U)                 Actual public Sho 57-19209 (JP, Y2)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A ram (15) provided with an upper blade (31) for shearing the material to be sheared (21) in cooperation with a lower blade (33) attached to the table (7) is provided so as to be vertically movable, and the material to be sheared is provided. A plate thickness detection device (25) for detecting the plate thickness of (21) is provided, and based on the detection value of the plate thickness detection device (25), the space between the lower blade (33) and the upper blade (31) is In a shearing machine configured to automatically adjust the clearance and the rake angle of the upper blade (31) with respect to the lower blade (33), an upper limit setting switch and a ram (for setting the upper limit position of the ram (15) can be set. 1
A detection device for detecting the shearing length of the material to be sheared (21) on the table (7) by providing a lower limit setting switch capable of setting the lower limit position of 5) automatically and vertically adjustable. And a computer device (203) for automatically adjusting the upper and lower positions of the upper limit setting switch and the lower limit setting switch based on the detection of the detection device.