JP2706320B2 - Water electrolysis device - Google Patents
Water electrolysis deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2706320B2 JP2706320B2 JP1174208A JP17420889A JP2706320B2 JP 2706320 B2 JP2706320 B2 JP 2706320B2 JP 1174208 A JP1174208 A JP 1174208A JP 17420889 A JP17420889 A JP 17420889A JP 2706320 B2 JP2706320 B2 JP 2706320B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- electrode
- water
- electrolyte membrane
- water electrolysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 38
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Landscapes
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、固体高分子電解質膜を用いる水電解装置に
関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a water electrolysis apparatus using a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
（従来の技術） 従来、イオン交換樹脂や液体電解質を吸蔵する電解質
膜の両面に疎水性ガス拡散電極を接合したガス燃料電池
において、該電極に通電することにより水電解を行うこ
とは、特公昭40-6127号公報などに記載され公知であ
る。(Prior Art) Conventionally, in a gas fuel cell in which a hydrophobic gas diffusion electrode is joined to both sides of an electrolyte membrane for storing an ion exchange resin or a liquid electrolyte, performing water electrolysis by energizing the electrode is known as Tokuho Tokuho It is known and described in, for example, JP-A-40-6127.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） この種の燃料電池では、電極と電解質との接触面で主
に電解反応が進行し、生成する水素と酸素はガス拡散電
極を透過して電極背面より回収するため、ガス拡散電極
は疎水性の細孔を有している。この細孔を親水性にする
と、細孔内に水が凝縮し易く、水により細孔が塞がれる
と、生成ガスの拡散を妨げて電解反応を阻害する。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In this type of fuel cell, the electrolytic reaction mainly proceeds at the contact surface between the electrode and the electrolyte, and the generated hydrogen and oxygen pass through the gas diffusion electrode and are collected from the back surface of the electrode. Therefore, the gas diffusion electrode has hydrophobic pores. When the pores are made hydrophilic, water is easily condensed in the pores, and when the pores are closed by water, the diffusion of the produced gas is hindered and the electrolytic reaction is inhibited.
ガス拡散電極を用いる燃料電池では、電極が疎水性で
あるところから、イオン交換樹脂などの電解質膜に水分
を供給すること及び水電解のために電極と電解質膜の接
触面に水を供給することが難しい。それ故、上記燃料電
池では、系外から電解質に水を供給する手段を持たず、
電解質内に保有する水で電解を行うに過ぎず、その水を
消費した後は電解反応を持続することはできない。ま
た、固体高分子電解質膜を用いるときには、該膜が乾燥
すると電極との接合面が剥離して電解反応を妨げるなど
の問題があった。In a fuel cell using a gas diffusion electrode, supplying water to an electrolyte membrane such as an ion exchange resin and supplying water to the contact surface between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane for water electrolysis because the electrode is hydrophobic. Is difficult. Therefore, the fuel cell has no means for supplying water to the electrolyte from outside the system,
The electrolysis is simply performed using water held in the electrolyte, and the electrolytic reaction cannot be continued after the consumption of the water. In addition, when a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is used, there is a problem in that when the membrane is dried, a bonding surface with an electrode is peeled off to hinder an electrolytic reaction.
本発明は、固体高分子電解質膜の両面に疎水性のガス
拡散電極を接合した電気化学セルを用いる水電解装置に
おいて、上記の問題点を解消し、電解質膜に容易に水分
を供給することができ、連続して水電解を行うことので
きる装置を提供しようとするものである。The present invention solves the above-described problems in a water electrolysis apparatus using an electrochemical cell in which a hydrophobic gas diffusion electrode is joined to both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and can easily supply moisture to the electrolyte membrane. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device capable of performing water electrolysis continuously.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明は、固体高分子電解質膜の両面にガス拡散電極
を接合した水電解装置において、ガス回収溝を設けた導
電性ガスセパレータを上記電極の背面に密着させ、該ガ
スセパレータから導線を引き出して電源と接続するとと
もに、上記電極は上記電解質膜と接する側の親水性反応
層とガスセパレータ側の疎水性ガス拡散層とを有し、か
つ上記電極はホットプレス法で上記電解質膜と融着され
ており、上記ガスセパレータにはガス回収溝の間に水又
は水蒸気の供給溝を設けたことを特徴とする水電解装置
である。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention relates to a water electrolysis apparatus in which gas diffusion electrodes are joined to both surfaces of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a conductive gas separator provided with a gas recovery groove is brought into close contact with the back surface of the electrode. A lead wire is drawn from the gas separator and connected to a power source, the electrode has a hydrophilic reaction layer on the side in contact with the electrolyte membrane, and a hydrophobic gas diffusion layer on the gas separator side, and the electrode is hot-pressed. A water or water vapor supply groove provided between the gas recovery grooves in the gas separator.
なお、固体高分子電解質膜としては、イオン交換基を
導入したパーフルオロカーボン樹脂などの膜を用いるこ
とができる。また、ガス拡散電極としては、白金族金属
又はその酸化物粉末、疎水性カーボンブラック、親水性
カーボンブラック及びポリ四フッ化エチレンよりなる親
水性反応層と、疎水性カーボンブラック及びポリ四フッ
化エチレンよりなる疎水性ガス拡散層とを有する電極な
どを用いることができる。この種の電極の製造法は、例
えば特開昭62-208553号公報に記載されている。ガスセ
パレータはカーボンや真ちゅうなどの金属で作ることが
でき、深さと幅が1mm程度の溝を有する。そして、上記
のガス拡散電極は上記固体高分子電解質膜の両面に重
ね、ホットプレスで両者を融着し、さらに、ガスセパレ
ータを重ねて密着させ、電気化学セルを形成することが
できる。As the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane such as a perfluorocarbon resin into which an ion exchange group has been introduced can be used. The gas diffusion electrode includes a platinum group metal or its oxide powder, a hydrophilic reaction layer composed of hydrophobic carbon black, hydrophilic carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene, and a hydrophobic carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene. An electrode having a hydrophobic gas diffusion layer made of such as an electrode can be used. A method for producing this type of electrode is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-208553. The gas separator can be made of metal such as carbon or brass and has a groove with a depth and width of about 1 mm. Then, the gas diffusion electrode is placed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the two are fused by hot pressing, and further, a gas separator is placed and adhered to form an electrochemical cell.
（作用） 第１図は、本発明の１具体例である固体高分子電解質
型水電解装置の概念図である。この装置は、湿潤させた
固体高分子電解質膜１を伸長状態に維持し、ガス拡散性
の陽極２と陰極３で挟み、ホットプレスで融着し、さら
に、陽極側ガスセパレータ６及び陰極側ガスセパレータ
７を密着させたものである。陽極及び陰極はともに親水
性反応層４と疎水性ガス拡散層５とを有し、陽極側ガス
セパレータ６には酸素ガス回収溝７の間に水供給溝８を
設け、陰極側ガスセパレータ９には水素ガス回収溝10及
び水供給溝11を設けたものである。そして、ガスセパレ
ータはいずれも導電性材料で作成したものであり、該ガ
スセパレータから導線を引き出して電源と接続する。(Operation) FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a solid polymer electrolyte type water electrolysis apparatus as one specific example of the present invention. In this apparatus, the wet solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is maintained in an extended state, sandwiched between a gas diffusible anode 2 and a cathode 3 and fused by a hot press. The separator 7 is closely attached. Each of the anode and the cathode has a hydrophilic reaction layer 4 and a hydrophobic gas diffusion layer 5. A water supply groove 8 is provided between an oxygen gas recovery groove 7 on an anode gas separator 6, and a cathode gas separator 9 is provided on a cathode gas separator 9. Is provided with a hydrogen gas recovery groove 10 and a water supply groove 11. Each of the gas separators is made of a conductive material, and a lead wire is drawn from the gas separator and connected to a power source.
まず、両ガスセパレータ６及び９の水供給溝８及び11
に水若しくは水蒸気を導入し、該溝内の温度に対応した
水蒸気圧により、電極の疎水性ガス拡散層を介して親水
性反応層及び固体高分子電解質膜電極に所定の水分を補
給し、次いで、両電極を電源と接続して通電することに
より、水電解を開始し、それぞれのガスセパレータのガ
ス回収溝より酸素ガス及び水素ガスを回収する。回収ガ
スの圧力が、水供給溝の水蒸気圧より高くなると、水供
給溝に回収ガスが混入するので、水供給溝の水蒸気圧は
常に回収ガス圧より高く保持すればよい。また、高い圧
力でガスを回収するためには、それに勝る水蒸気圧を水
供給溝に確保する必要がある。かかる水蒸気圧を確保す
るために、水供給溝に供給する水若しくは水蒸気の温度
や圧力を予め系外で調整するか、水電解装置自体に温度
調節装置を付設することもできる。また、本発明の水電
解装置は、固体高分子電解質膜、電極及びガスセパレー
タを積層したセル構造をしているので、該セルをさらに
積層したり適当に組み合わせることにより、容易に所望
の能力を確保することができる。First, the water supply grooves 8 and 11 of both gas separators 6 and 9
Into the hydrophilic reaction layer and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane electrode through the hydrophobic gas diffusion layer of the electrode, by a water vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature in the groove, and then supply water or water vapor. By connecting both electrodes to a power source and energizing, water electrolysis is started, and oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are recovered from the gas recovery grooves of the respective gas separators. When the pressure of the recovered gas is higher than the water vapor pressure of the water supply groove, the recovered gas is mixed into the water supply groove. Therefore, the water vapor pressure of the water supply groove may be always kept higher than the recovered gas pressure. Further, in order to recover the gas at a high pressure, it is necessary to secure a higher steam pressure in the water supply groove. In order to secure such a water vapor pressure, the temperature or pressure of water or water vapor supplied to the water supply groove may be adjusted in advance outside the system, or a temperature control device may be provided in the water electrolysis apparatus itself. Further, since the water electrolysis device of the present invention has a cell structure in which the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, the electrode, and the gas separator are stacked, a desired capacity can be easily obtained by further stacking or appropriately combining the cells. Can be secured.
なお、この水電解装置のガス回収溝に、燃料電池の原
料ガスを供給することにより、発電することが可能であ
り、その際にも、水供給溝から水蒸気を親水性反応層及
び固体高分子電解質膜に供給することができる。このよ
うに、本発明の水電解装置は、余剰の電力が存在する場
合には水電解により酸素ガスと水素ガスを発生させ、こ
れを貯蔵することができ、また、電力を必要とするとき
には貯蔵された酸素ガスと水素ガスを用いて発電するこ
とができるので、電気貯蔵装置としての機能も備えてい
る。In addition, power can be generated by supplying the raw material gas of the fuel cell to the gas recovery groove of the water electrolysis apparatus, and in this case, water vapor is also supplied from the water supply groove to the hydrophilic reaction layer and the solid polymer. It can be supplied to the electrolyte membrane. As described above, the water electrolysis apparatus of the present invention can generate oxygen gas and hydrogen gas by water electrolysis when surplus electric power is present, and can store the oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. Since power can be generated by using the generated oxygen gas and hydrogen gas, it also has a function as an electric storage device.
（発明の効果） 本発明は、上記の構成を採用することによって、固体
高分子電解質型水電解装置の電解質膜に一定の含水率を
付与することができ、定常的に水電解を継続することが
できるようになった。(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, by adopting the above configuration, a constant water content can be given to the electrolyte membrane of the solid polymer electrolyte type water electrolysis device, and the water electrolysis can be continuously continued. Is now available.
第１図は本発明の１具体例である固体高分子電解質型水
電解装置の概念図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a solid polymer electrolyte type water electrolysis apparatus as one specific example of the present invention.
Claims (1)
を接合した水電解装置において、ガス回収溝を設けた導
電性ガスセパレータを上記電極の背面に密着させ、該ガ
スセパレータから導線を引き出して電源と接続するとと
もに、上記電極は上記電解質膜と接する側の親水性反応
層とガスセパレータ側の疎水性ガス拡散層とを有し、か
つ上記電極はホットプレス法で上記電解質膜と融着され
ており、上記ガスセパレータにはガス回収溝の間に水又
は水蒸気の供給溝を設けたことを特徴とする水電解装
置。In a water electrolysis apparatus in which gas diffusion electrodes are joined to both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a conductive gas separator provided with a gas recovery groove is brought into close contact with the back of said electrode, and a lead wire is drawn from said gas separator. The electrode has a hydrophilic reaction layer on the side in contact with the electrolyte membrane and a hydrophobic gas diffusion layer on the gas separator side, and the electrode is fused with the electrolyte membrane by hot pressing. A water electrolysis apparatus, wherein a water or steam supply groove is provided between the gas recovery grooves in the gas separator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1174208A JP2706320B2 (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Water electrolysis device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1174208A JP2706320B2 (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Water electrolysis device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0339493A JPH0339493A (en) | 1991-02-20 |
| JP2706320B2 true JP2706320B2 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
Family
ID=15974616
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1174208A Expired - Fee Related JP2706320B2 (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Water electrolysis device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2706320B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2647841C2 (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-03-21 | Публичное акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" имени С.П. Королёва (ПАО "РКК "Энергия") | Water electrolyser and operation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3278909B2 (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 2002-04-30 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Hydrogen generator |
| JP2007117403A (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-17 | Iris Ohyama Inc | Chest |
| RU2623437C1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-06-26 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Завод электрохимических преобразователей" (ООО "ЗЭП") | Electrolytic cell for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water |
| WO2019008799A1 (en) | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-10 | 株式会社Ihi | Hydrogen oxygen reactor |
| JP7372060B2 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-10-31 | 旭化成株式会社 | carbon foam |
| US20230407501A1 (en) * | 2020-10-02 | 2023-12-21 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Apparatus for production of hydrogen |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59133386A (en) * | 1982-09-07 | 1984-07-31 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Manufacture of gas diffusing electrode |
| JPH0665036B2 (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1994-08-22 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Gas diffusion electrode and manufacturing method thereof |
| JPS63211573A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-09-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Solid electrolyte fuel battery |
| JPS63317689A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Electrolysis device |
-
1989
- 1989-07-07 JP JP1174208A patent/JP2706320B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2647841C2 (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-03-21 | Публичное акционерное общество "Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" имени С.П. Королёва (ПАО "РКК "Энергия") | Water electrolyser and operation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0339493A (en) | 1991-02-20 |
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