JP2707281B2 - Incinerator equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial applications]

The present invention relates to an incinerator apparatus, and more particularly, to an incinerator apparatus for radioactive contaminants.

2. Description of the Related Art Since Japan has an extremely small amount of energy resources as compared with other countries, as part of its energy policy, there is a trend toward nuclear power generation, which relies on hydropower and thermal power. Nuclear power is excellent in terms of supply stability and economic efficiency, and the economical advantage that once used nuclear fuel can be reused as nuclear fuel by reprocessing is particularly great. It is one of the useful energies for the poor country.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

As mentioned above, nuclear energy has excellent economic utility, but the operation of a nuclear power plant emits radioactive waste, in other words, waste contaminated with various types of radiation. This contaminated waste evaporates and concentrates, combustibles are incinerated, and incombustibles are compressed and packed in drums, cemented and sealed with asphalt, and stored in storage facilities, often in underground burial facilities. I have. However, the underground burial facility is a finite space, and cannot store all of the waste that increases with time. In the case of waste that can be incinerated, it is incinerated in an incinerator, but the incineration temperature is limited, and the combustion exhaust gas is released as it is. In addition, there are restrictions on the types of waste that can be incinerated and the amount of waste.
They have to be kept in reserve. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to thermally decompose contaminated waste by making the temperature in an incinerator higher than the combustion temperature of fuel, and to attenuate radiation that is not decomposed into heat in the process of emission of combustion exhaust. It is assumed that.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to an incinerator having a burner for a plasma source, an incinerator having a magnetic mirror connected to the burner, and a radioactivity connected to the incinerator. And an attenuator, which compresses the combustion gas generated in the auxiliary combustion device by a strong magnetic field of a magnetic mirror, applies a high-frequency alternating voltage, and discharges the high pressure inside the incinerator to convert the core into plasma to produce an ultra-high temperature. It is characterized in that a high-temperature environment is generated, radiation contaminants are completely incinerated in this environment, and the remaining radiation is attenuated in a radiation attenuation section.

【Example】

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The incinerator apparatus according to the present invention comprises an auxiliary burner 10 for a plasma source, an incinerator 30, a radiation attenuator 60, etc., and low-level contaminated waste such as worker's work clothes, shoes, gloves, etc. It is burned in the incinerator 30 under ultra-high temperature. First, a description will be given of the combustion assist device 10 for the plasma source. Reference numeral 11 denotes a casing 1 containing a sirocco fan 12A.
2 shows a gantry on which a wind tunnel 13 extends from the casing 12 and guides combustion air from a sirocco fan 12A driven by a motor 12B.In the wind tunnel 13, a burner 14 is provided at the center thereof. Are located. Kerosene is supplied to the burner 14 from the outside, and the burner 14 is ignited by the discharge of the ignition electrode 15 located at the tip of the burner 14 and burns the kerosene. A stationary coil 16 is wound around the wind tunnel 13, and a dielectric polarization pipe 131 formed by bundling a number of pipes is formed in a space of the wind tunnel 13 surrounded by the stationary coil 16 to generate a static magnetic field.
By flowing air in a static magnetic field, ionization can be performed to increase the oxygen concentration. The ignition electrode 15 is enclosed by an insulating pipe 15A made of ceramics or the like, and a high-voltage current is supplied to the ignition electrode 15 by an ignition operation. Further, in the wind tunnel 13, there is a dehumidifying filter 17 using a sintered material containing zeolite as a main component, on the downstream side of the wound stationary coil 16, and removes the moisture of the combustion air fed under pressure. Fixed wings 132 for turning the air flow are fixed to the combustion air discharge port of the wind tunnel 13. Around the burner 14, a dielectric polarizer 141 of air having an increased oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration bundles a large number of pipes 141 A, and applies an electric potential between the outer circumference and the inner circumference (near the center), so that the center of the burner 14 is formed. The oxygen concentration is increasing. Further, the ignition electrode 15 is retracted by the electromagnetic coil 15B after ignition so that the ignition electrode 15 is not burned by a high-temperature flame during combustion. At the tip of the burner 14, the concentration of the paramagnetic oxygen is increased by being magnetized, and the flame is turned into a swirling flow by burning the kerosene. Then, the flame is guided to a magnetic mirror section 40 forming the incinerator 30. The magnetic mirror section 40 has a heat-resistant body 41 formed of silicon nitride or the like, around which two drums 42 serving as iron cores are fitted, and a DC current is supplied to the outer periphery of the drum 42. Two stationary coils 43 and 44 are wound in parallel, and a pulse coil 45 for applying a pulse voltage is wound around the space between the stationary coils 43 and 44 and on the outer periphery. The outer circumference of these coil groups is surrounded by a water jacket 46 formed by a cooling pipe also communicating with the outer circumference of the incinerator 30 described later, the outer wall 47 is formed by surrounding a lead plate 47A with a stainless steel plate 47B, and furthermore, the outside thereof is made of an iron alloy. It is a three-layer wall surrounded by a plate 47C. The incinerator is continuously connected to the magnetic mirror section 40 via the tapered section T.
30 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a larger diameter than the magnetic mirror portion 40.
The incinerator 30 is also configured as an extension of the wall of the front and rear magnetic mirror unit 40 and the structure of the oscillating structure, in other words, as an extension of the components of the outer wall of the magnetic mirror unit 40, and includes a heat-resistant cylinder 31 formed of silicon nitride or the like from the inside. In addition, two drums 32 are fitted around the outer periphery of the drum, and two stationary coils 33 and 34 to which a direct current is supplied to each drum 32.
Are wound in parallel, and a pulse coil 35 to which a pulse voltage is applied is wound and arranged between the stationary coils 33 and 34, thereby forming a magnetic mirror unit having a larger capacity than the magnetic mirror unit 40. The outer circumference of these coils is surrounded by a water jacket 36 wound with a cooling pipe, and the outer wall 37 of the water jacket 36 is a three-layer wall composed of a lead plate 37A, a stainless plate 37B, and an iron alloy plate 37C. The discharge port side of the incinerator 30 is reduced in diameter by the tapered portion T, and is configured to be continuous with the radiation attenuation portion 50. Small diameter portions T ₁ , T _{2 of the} space surrounded by the two tapered portions T
Is provided with a pair of electrodes P ₁ and P ₂ that sufficiently withstand high temperatures, and a high voltage of several thousand volts is applied to these electrodes. The incinerator 30 is further connected to a radiation attenuating section 60 through a magnetic mirror section 50 having a smaller diameter, and the magnetic mirror section 50 includes a heat-resistant cylinder 51 formed of silicon nitride or the like and a tapered section adjacent to the outer periphery thereof. An iron core 53A adjacent to a non-magnetic material 52 made of stainless steel, which is continuous with T, is fitted, and a coil 53 to which a DC current is supplied is wound around the outer periphery of the iron core 53. A water jacket 54 formed of a cooling pipe communicating with the incinerator 30 is formed on the outer periphery of the coil 53, and cooling water supplied from a cooling water inlet 47 provided in the magnetic mirror section 40 of the incinerator 30 is provided. Are discharged from the cooling water outlet 56 of the radiation attenuator 60. The outer periphery of the water jacket 54 is surrounded by an outer wall 55 formed of three layers of a lead plate 55A, a stainless plate 55B, and an iron alloy plate 55C. Further, the space of the magnetic mirror section 50 is bent at a right angle to form a radiation attenuating section 60, and has a discharge path 61.
A radiation absorbing element group 62 is arranged at 61, and at the outer periphery of a continuous portion of the magnetic mirror section 50 and the discharge path 61, there is an inlet 63 for introducing radioactive contaminants into the incinerator 30. A deflecting coil 64 is wound around the door. The radiation attenuating element group 62 receives the radiation (α, β,
Four types of attenuation elements 621 and 62 for attenuating γ, neutrons)
3, 625, 627, and each element is attached in a zigzag arrangement in an array inclined at 30 to 45 degrees with respect to the length direction of the discharge path 61. Each of the damping elements 621, 623, 625, 627 has a large number of through-holes 62A perforated along its thickness direction, and these elements are connected to the discharge path 61.
When placed in the oblique state,
Moreover, a coil 62B is wound around an outer wall 61A forming the discharge path 61 so that a magnetic field can be applied to each of the attenuation elements 621, 623, 625, 627. Next, each attenuating element for attenuating radiation (α, β, γ, neutrons) will be described. First, the element 621 for attenuating α-rays is made of aluminum plate 621A.
It is wrapped in 21B and encapsulated entirely in silicon nitride 621C capsules (Figure 7). Beta ray attenuating element 623 converts indium 623A to ruthenium 623
Wrap it in B, cover it with Niub 623C and create lead 623D
Through a silicon nitride 623E capsule (FIG. 8). In addition, the β-ray attenuating element 625 is
A is sandwiched between rhodium 625B and hafnium 625C, and these are encapsulated in lithium 625D and accommodated in a silicon nitride 625F capsule through lead 625E (FIG. 9). The neutron attenuating element 627 is composed of selenium sulfide 627A and P
Mold silicon 627B is layered in zeolite 627C (FIG. 10). Next, the operation of the incinerator apparatus of the present invention will be described. First, in the combustion assist device 10 of the plasma source, the burner
14 ignites fuel such as kerosene to continue combustion. This fuel is energized when the air pumped from the siroc fan 12A passes through the magnetic field by the stationary coil 16 and the oxygen concentration increases because oxygen is collected at the center,
Further, the combustion flame is further heated by being dehumidified. Since oxygen (O ₂ ) is a paramagnetic substance in the auxiliary combustion device 10, it is polarized in the magnetic field and thus gathers around the burner 14, and the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration in the air increases at the center to oxidize. The action is promoted to an energy level. Inside the wind tunnel 13 is a dielectric polarization pipe in the center of the magnetic coil
Thus because is formed a static magnetic field of more than 8000G 131 number the present bundled, it is polarized the O ₂ by a medium that tube 121 the flow of intake air passing through. In addition, the dielectric polarization pipe 131
, O ₂ is leveled up to an energy level near the Curie point. Kerosene burned by the burner 14 is supplied with O ₂
The combustion temperature is further increased by the fact that the concentration of is concentrated and dielectrically polarized. By applying a high voltage (200 V to 6000 V) between the electrodes P ₁ and P ₂ , the electrodes P ₁ , Plasma is generated between P ₂ and becomes high temperature, and a pulse magnetic field is applied to this plasma by applying a pulse voltage to a coil 35 in an incinerator 30 which is a magnetic mirror, and the plasma oscillates in the incinerator 30. Then, it is compressed from the periphery of the incinerator 30 toward the center, and further becomes a high temperature environment (6000 ° C. to 10,000 ° C.). When low-level radioactive contaminants, such as work clothes, gloves, work shoes, and protective masks, placed in the incinerator 30 in such an environment, the organic substances burn. However, the radioactivity remains as it is,
At 60, the energy of the linear motion is bent by the deflection coil 62B, and the radiation attenuation element groups 621, 623, 62 of the discharge path 61 are formed.
Attenuated by passing through 5,627 in a zigzag motion under the influence of the coil 62B. It is said that the radiation levels emitted by nuclear power plants are less than 1 eV, so even gamma rays can be extinguished. If the plasma generation in the center of the incinerator 30 is stabilized, the temperature of the core does not decrease even if the potentials of the electrodes P ₁ and P ₂ are set to 0, and the function as the incinerator 30 is not lost. The radiation attenuating element groups 621, 623, 625, 627 perform material exchange by irradiation with various radioactivity. The radioactivity of this conversion material is incinerated as a contaminant. Further, the plasma generated in the incinerator 30 is formed along the discharge arc, and the plasma is generated by irradiating X-rays toward the core instead of the potentials of the electrodes P ₁ and P _2. can get. In addition, cooling water is supplied to the water jackets 46, 36, and 54 from the inlet 46A, and is supplied from the outlet 54A to cool the furnace body.

【The invention's effect】

As is clear from the above description, the incinerator apparatus of the present invention uses the O ₂ polarization at the center and the O ₂
By raising the concentration to a high temperature, this flame is turned into plasma along the arc that discharges at high pressure in the center of the magnetic mirror, and the high temperature plasma environment compressed by vibrating during electrolysis by pulse voltage is applied. In the discharge path, the radioactivity that has been left by the radioactivity attenuating element group is absorbed and the attenuating element itself converts into a substance, so that the radioactivity has a short half-life or an extremely low level. Yes, it is a gospel for exhaust treatment of various radioactive pollutants.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory view of an incinerator apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion assist device, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an incinerator using a magnetic mirror,
5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the discharge passage, and FIGS. 7 to 10 are enlarged sectional views of the radiation attenuation element. 10 …… combustion device 11 …… stand, 12A …… sirocco fan, 12B …… motor,
12 ... casing, 13 ... wind tunnel, 131 ... polarized pipe, 1
32: fixed wing, 14: havana, 5: ignition electrode, 15A
…… Insulated pipe, 15B …… Electromagnetic coil, 16 …… Standing coil, 17 …… Dehumidifying filter 30 …… Incinerator 40,50 …… Magnetic mirror section 31,32,41,51 …… Heat-resistant body, 42 …… Drum, 33,34,43,44,5
3 …… Stationary coil, 35,45 …… Pulse coil, 36,46,54…
… Water jacket T ₁ , T ₂ … Small diameter part, T… Tapered part P ₁ , P ₂ … Electrode 60… Radiation attenuation part 61… Exhaust path 62… Radiation attenuation element 63… Inlet

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] An incinerator for a plasma source, an incinerator having a magnetic mirror connected to the incinerator, and a radiation attenuator connected to the incinerator. The generated combustion gas is compressed by the strong magnetic field of the magnetic mirror,
Applying a high-frequency alternating voltage and performing high-pressure discharge inside the incinerator creates a plasma in the core and creates an ultra-high temperature environment.
An incinerator apparatus characterized in that radiation contaminants are completely incinerated in this environment and the remaining radiation is attenuated by a radiation attenuator.