JP2709838B2 - Fabric reinforced structural support and method of making same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION The present invention relates to a method of making a lining support or a long support structure unit from curable building materials and reinforcements. These parts can be made on-site as above-ground or underground structures, and the building material is liquid and combined with stiffeners only at the assembly site. The lining support made in accordance with the present invention is particularly suited to the structure of a mine or tunnel, as a stand-alone road lining (mine or tunnel lining) or as part thereof. The lining support in this case acts as a support or post for the separately supported (anchor or lining) ridge or exposed rock. The supports and struts according to the invention differ from one another basically by their elongation, ie the diameter to length ratio. To the extent that the invention is also directed to the production of long beams for aboveground and underground structures, these beams may be pillars for streetlights, mainly for strong light sources for road lighting. The invention can also be used to manufacture other beams, for example ship bulkheads.

However, the main application of the present invention is in drift mining,
Mining of coal and ore. More precisely, the present invention provides
Useful for road linings, where the support according to the invention is used in particular as a support lining at the gate end load, whose roof is fixed and anchored by a temporary lining, for example.
Accordingly, the following description of the present invention will be directed primarily to this application department.

<Prior Art> In the main applications of the present invention described above, the lining support according to the present invention may be used in a single row or multiple rows as an alternative to pillars used in the pillar and chamber method and in the long wall method. Used as support linings set in rows. These pillars are cross-directional and horizontal layers of the trimmed timber, as long as it is made of timber to date. This type of timber column exhibits a certain degree of flexibility due to its compressibility, which is advantageous as a lining technique because it avoids premature destruction of the lining due to rock pressure. Become.
Timber is usually, but not always, readily available,
Can process well, but is generally expensive. Another disadvantage of the timber lining technique is the variable strength of various cooperating timbers in one column and the lack of lateral stability of the column as the column elongates. The poor resistance of wood to moisture and fire also sometimes raises significant problems. The high labor costs underground to make the pillars and the high cost of transporting and processing the timber also reduce the economics of the timber pillars. The present invention aims at a lining support that is easy to transport and inexpensive to build by making use of hardenable building materials and reinforcements, by making them on site in the drift. In addition, the strut according to the present invention has no lateral stability problem due to its configuration, and is insensitive to moisture and flame.

Timber columns are used in longwall and pillar-and-chamber methods. It is the oldest known lining support and various proposals have been made to replace these with reinforced concrete columns.
These are mainly concrete ties with stiffeners to replace the trimmed timber. The support linings composed of these pillars have the disadvantage that they are considerably heavier than the timber linings, which considerably complicates transportation problems and increases labor costs, making expensive and sometimes difficult to obtain timber linings. No benefit is gained except for the possibility of replacing fire resistance and water resistance with readily available building materials. In addition, the transportation and construction of concrete tie columns are complicated by the difficulty of using reinforcing materials due to the fact that reinforcing bars projecting outside cause accidents. Rebar causes, on the one hand, dangerous damage and, on the other hand, appears as an unexpected obstacle.

According to another proposal, cylindrical columns are made from prefabricated steel fiber concrete plates to increase the required internal strength of the columns and mitigate the problem of reinforcement. This pillar follows the principle of concrete tie pillars because the plates are stacked. The production of these prefabricated concrete parts per se places relatively high demands on the material due to the required strength. Due to the large weight, the transportation costs are high and the projecting steel fibers increase the risk of a major accident. Since the establishment of the pillar must be done without pressure setting, a separate mating wood wedge must be provided between the top of the pillar and its contact surface. This increases labor costs. However, the columns are not always fixed vertically as desired. As a result, unbalanced loads are applied, which destroy this kind of column prematurely. The present invention is specifically directed to lining supports to avoid these previously existing hazards.

Pull-out or telescopic supports have also been proposed as alternatives to timber pillars. These supports have nested parts made of relatively inexpensive materials, which parts are fixed to one another after the supports have been withdrawn and then filled with a hardenable building material. . This lining system with supports or struts avoids the problem of the structural stability of the columns being too low in one piece, but places special requirements on the material used as filler. . Since the mixed water remains in the building material during curing of the building material, it takes a long time to manufacture the support.
The cost of the telescoping support is variable depending on the length and diameter of the post. As a result, of the advantages of the pull-out support system, the ease of transport and the use of second-class materials are at least partially lost.
Inexpensive materials lack the strength and do not provide the robust structure required for the struts.

On the other hand, the invention consists of a cloth tube, unlike a complete support lining made underground, of the type supporting at least both ends and the roof of the road, which tube is made of It extends transversely and longitudinally, but is progressively filled with curable building material in the longitudinal direction of the load. In this configuration, the pressure of the pumpable building material is used to cause the lining member to obtain a rock contact shape from the initial loose tube while it is filled with the liquid building material. This assumes that a certain proportion of water is retained in the tube. The cloth tube simply acts as an inert mold,
The water resistance significantly slows down the curing of building materials,
A lot of labor and time is required, and in fact, not enough early strength of the lining is developed. Since it is almost impossible to reinforce the lining, the pipe itself is not necessary after the hardening of the building material. On the other hand, an object of the present invention is to produce a lining member having a higher load capacity than a column made of a building material and having an early supporting force.

This type of lining member, which exhibits a high load capacity due to its double structure, has been known for a long time in column structures of the type described above, including prefabricated reinforced concrete members, but is used for building materials in cloth tubes. It could not be made. However, cloth tubes filled with curable building material are known as auxiliary elements of the road lining, and these elements are attached to each part of the road lining when the liquid building material is pumped into it. The road lining is joined to the surrounding rock by being tightened between the wood and the rock. In this way, the inflatability of the folded fabric tube inserted into the support portion is systematically exploited upwards and laterally. The tube is correspondingly oversized compared to the recess in the support portion and is elongated by pumping to form an annular body of irregular cross-section, thereby along the length of the tube The tube ensures that the support portion and the overhanging portion of the tree or rock are closed. Since the loading capacity of this lining is ultimately based on a very expensive steel lining, the proportion of inexpensive materials is very low. In particular, lining members in the form of struts or struts for loads driven in mineral or formations and in long wall structures are not thereby obtained. In contrast, the present invention provides a lining that does not rely on any steel lining members and that itself provides the necessary strength for the supports and struts.

<Disclosure of the Invention> According to the present invention, in a production method for producing a cloth-reinforced support composed of a curable building material and a reinforcing material, particularly in a mine and a tunnel structure, a cloth tube closed at both ends is provided. Between the floor and the roof of the basement, vertically, filling the pressurized liquid building material into the cloth tube, and passing the liquid building material through the cloth tube Removing the water of the liquid building material to the outside of the tubular body, and draining the solid material of the liquid building material in the form of a column that rapidly hardens from the bottom to the top,
A fabrication method is disclosed that includes the steps of retaining the interior of the fabric tube so that the fabric tube is a self-supporting outer reinforcement for the cured post.

The surprising advantages of the method according to the invention are the filling of the tube from bottom to top, the straightness of the tube between the floor and the roof, and the many supports or struts. Due to the sufficiently rigid form of the lining support that can be used, the tubing already has sufficient stability under load in a duplex structure containing building material that has been dehydrated but not yet cured. I have. This is a result of the rapid drainage of the building material from the compact in all directions due to the use of the tubular cloth as the material.
Therefore, the building material hardens very quickly, but is constantly pressed into the tube, despite the fact that the moisture is removed before it is finally hardened by being enclosed in a cloth tube. Can be. Thus, an increase in stability under load occurs from the floor to the roof during the molding of the compact. Another surprising effect is that, especially when made of high-strength synthetic yarn obtained with diuroplast, the tubing fabric not only provides a known drainage effect, but also stabilizes the curable lining support. It can be seen as a strong reinforcement. This outer stiffening occurs against the self-supporting length of the lining support and holds the building material together for a long period of time, despite the vertical load on the building material column, so the building material column is , Can exhibit its sufficient strength. In building material columns, when the shear strength of the building material is exceeded (this is evidenced by cracking of the column behind the stiffener), the cohesiveness of the column is ensured without loss of load bearing capacity . This is primarily due to the fact that the axial thread of the tube fabric is not stretched by the stretching force, as it does not load or bend against other lining members, as does the tube acting as an auxiliary element in conventional load lining systems. This is due to the fact that the force is transmitted without being biased, and that the tangential yarn exhibits a high binding force.

The lining support produced by the production method according to the invention replaces the supports used so far, but also the struts. This is because the tubes (especially prefabricated for the required average thickness) save space and can be easily transported, as well as the liquid supplied by the transport container from the transport container, even if not mixed on site. It is particularly advantageous that the production takes place in the drift with the help of a material pump. The building material itself can absorb any amount of mixed water, and therefore can consist primarily of solids, which can be similar to ash from various sources, such as ash from electric filters or fluidized bed combustion. In addition, it has low strength, but shows high strength in the composite structure after the building material has hardened, and thus corresponds to that of reinforced concrete. Further, a reinforcing material (or a reinforcing bar) may be provided in the manufacturing method of the present invention before filling the tubular body with the building material, thereby further increasing the strength.
If a low slenderness ratio, i.e. a corresponding diameter-to-length ratio, is ensured, the method described above can also be used to fabricate ground-based structural beams in situ, which beams can be used for ceilings and other systems. It can be used as a general or additional support.

The production method according to the invention is intended to obtain an optimal elongation ratio in said lining support and to obtain in particular a straight support or beam form, which is generally required for said elongate support structure unit, by fabric tubing. It is usually practiced such that the body is surrounded for most of its length by a casing of a perforated rigid shell in the form of a tube. The necessary drainage takes place via perforations in the shell casing, which shell shell is subsequently removed from the tube prior to the hardening of the building material.

In this embodiment of the production method according to the invention, the forming element for the support is a tubular shell supporting the fabric. Tubular outer shell, because of the perforation of the outer shell,
Together with the tubing, it acts as a filter, allowing for quick drainage within a very short period of time, as well as removing the tubular shell almost immediately after the filling process. Fabric tubing is used as an effective outer stiffener because it is not overloaded by this. The outer shell casing is reusable and extends during the press-fitting of the building material, even if it extends over only a portion of the free length of the tube. Undesired bending or radial extension of the tube in the longitudinal direction of the support can be prevented without impairing the extension in the direction. This ensures that the support abuts. The shrinkage of the filled building material due to drainage also allows the pipe to move in the axial direction inside the outer shell. The above-mentioned combination of the outer shell and the cloth tube is
As long as a pump pressure of up to 0.7 kg / cm ² (10 bar) is tolerated, it exhibits dimensional stability and hardly any deviation from the desired shape.

The beam or lining support produced by the production method of the present invention can be produced not only in a drift, but also in a finished product factory. Since the outer diameter of the tube substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the closed shell, these lining supports have a smooth outer surface along their entire length, similar to the outer shell. I have. The lining support may have on its inside a reinforcement, for example in the form of a cylindrical or conical wire basket, which is fixed by spacers in the elongated tube before the filler is added.
The outer reinforcement is chemically inert even when synthetic yarn is used for the tubing fabric, and is hardly destroyed, especially when using corrosive liquids such as in mine or tunnel structures. . On the other hand, even when relatively inexpensive fabrics such as jute yarn are used, the required service life is ensured by the type and composition of the building material chosen. The interior of the support according to the invention consists of hardened building material. This may be cement or liquid gypsum, the choice of which depends mainly on the cement, gypsum or additives available on site and other factors such as economics. Building materials may contain sand and additives, depending on availability and cost. Therefore, instead of gravel, crushed stone or chipping,
The above-mentioned granular ashes, in particular electric filter and floor ashes, can be used. Although they have not found sufficient use to date, they exhibit very large and unexpected strengths when processed according to the production method of the present invention.

The method of preparation according to the invention is particularly rational, as it requires only a relatively short length of shell, especially when carried out according to its preferred embodiment. This is possible because even at extreme pump pressures, the end of the tube extruded from one or both ends of the shell can be significantly deformed due to the inherent strength of the tube being insufficient for short lengths. And the fact that the diameter does not increase significantly. Therefore, by reducing the length of the outer shell and avoiding an outer shell designed for a specific length, so that the length of the tube also determines the length of the special support, the length of the tube is reduced. Cost can be reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the production method according to the invention,
An outer shell (having a length corresponding to the average thickness) is established, and the pipes in the outer shell are pumped by liquid building material, with the upper end on the roof and the lower end on the floor, Each is abutted and supported, and tightened by the pressure of the filler. According to this embodiment, the shell is independent of the local thickness of the place where the struts are established. The shell can therefore be reused many times, in particular through the use of extension members. An unspecified length of reusability is an essential condition for the mechanization of the lining method. The reason for this is that the shell can be used in a variety of loads, for example on an extension arm of a mobile device (this mobile device has other components of relatively long tube-shaped struts). , Building materials and their filling devices such as pumps and connecting pipes). According to this embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the present invention, it is possible to properly set up the column with respect to the rock surface because the pipe end portion is outside the shell during the pumping. If this does not provide sufficient establishment pressure, a simple wedge may be used. This is an alternative to a manual wedge,
Eliminate most of this work.

Also according to the invention, at least one end of the tube is
Using the pressure-flexible material in the form of a plate as described above, it is possible to establish and tighten the support in a pressure-flexible configuration. This eliminates the wedge effect and allows for some flexibility under pressure. This flexibility can be very precisely selected by the dimensions of the one or more plates and the choice of their material, and after it has been exhausted, the struts can be used until their elastic deformation capacity is exceeded. It is kept rigid.

In particular, said one or more plates can be used in the method according to the invention for removing water from the filling of the tube, when using a plate material which reacts with the water removed. This allows for more rapid drainage, especially at the end of the tube. In plates made from so-called single-component polyurethane foams, for example, the foaming component forming a prepolymer consisting of polyols and polyisocyanates reacts with the surrounding water. In this way, when the foam is fully cured, it draws moisture and mixed water from the building material in the tube through the cloth of the tube, so that the end of the tube initially loaded receives It cures more quickly.

When using these plates or wood plates, it is appropriate to support the plate on the closed end above the tube, on the needle that is folded into the cloth and passes radially through it. . In that case, the tube is axially filled and fixed to the tip of the tube by a needle below the plate. The needle is withdrawn and thereby removed prior to hardening of the building material. The needle preferably consists of a length of sufficiently rigid wire.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filling of the tube is left in one or more places, and recesses accessible from the outside are formed in the finished columns. The advantage of this embodiment is that the columns can be rocked or destroyed, for example in tunnel structures and mines. A perforation is formed in the recess, and an explosive is set inside it,
The strut buckles due to the explosion of this explosive. The recesses in the struts may be formed longer, in which case a hollow support with a large diameter but increased strength is provided. This increases safety against buckling.

Normally, it is only necessary to cut out the extra length of tube required for the reel or stack and tie its ends together, thereby forming a ball of cloth at both ends. According to the invention, a recess for receiving a ball of cloth can be left in the center of one or both plates in order to avoid disturbances due to this accumulation of the cloth of the tube. for that reason,
The cloth ball sinks below the flat surface of the plate shortly after the set-up pressure begins to act. This improves the contact with the rock, especially at the upper end of the strut with a large flat surface.

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

<Embodiment> Figs. 1 and 2 show a casing 1 having a strong outer shell composed of two parts. The casing 1 consists of a cylindrical metal sheet 2 with relatively small perforations 3 which are closely spaced. The sheet 2 is positioned on the center plane in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder.
The two half-shells 4,5 (FIG. 4) are thereby formed. The bisected band clamps 6-11 have, at their adjacent tips, hinges 12, which hinge the two clamp halves 14,15 together. The band-shaped clamp half 15 has a fork at its free end.
This fork engages with a tongue 17 secured to the free end of another band clamp half 14. Fork 16
And tongue piece 17 are elongated holes 1 for receiving locking wedges 20
8 and 19, which are inserted from above into slots 18 and 19 which are aligned with each other when the band clamps 6 to 11 are closed, as shown at slot 19 in FIG. It can be driven downward. The free edges of the half shells 4, 5 are thus supported and clamped against one another.

The band-shaped clamps 6, 11 fixed to both ends of the casing 1 of the outer shell are in contact with the conical portions 22a, 22b of the sheet 2, respectively, which project upward and downward integrally from the casing 1, respectively.

The inner diameter D of the outer casing 1 (see FIG. 3) is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the cloth tube 24 cut from a roll or package to a length exceeding the length or height of the casing 1. It corresponds to. Prior to binding (tie-off) the cloth tube 24, a plate 26 made of a flexible material such as polyethylene foam 27 is inserted into the lower end of the tube 24 as shown in FIG. Before binding the plates 24, 28,
It is inserted into the upper end of the tube 24. The outer plate 28 has a recess 30 for inserting the ball-shaped cloth portion 25 generated by the binding.
It has.

The cloth tube 24 has a filling neck 31 which is directed outwardly through a through hole 32 in one of the half shells 4,5. In the example shown, the filling neck 31 has a non-return valve 33, which comprises a flexible disc, not shown, housed in a flange 34, which immediately fills the inner surface when filled from the outside. Can be directed outward, but immediately abuts against the cross-shaped support member when pushed outward by greater internal pressure.

The cloth 35 of the tube 24 is considerably larger than the height of the rigid casing 1 due to the conical portions 22a, 22b of the sheet 2.

A cloth tube 24 bound on the plates 26, 28, 29 is
After being inserted into the casing 1 and the outer shell casing 1 is closed and tightened by driving the locking wedge 20, a liquid building material is pressed into the pipe 24 via a connecting pipe and a filling neck 31 (not shown). The fabric tube 24 thereby abuts the inner surface 36 of the casing 1 but is prevented from further radial expansion. Due to the length of the tube 24 which exceeds the height of the shell 1 of the shell, the tube ends emerge from the conical parts 22a, 22b, so that these tube ends can Or, it abuts the rock surfaces 37, 38 formed by the floor and roof of the stratum. Immediately after the end of the pipe ends, the increase in the pump pressure causes the mixed water of the liquid building material to pass through the perforations 3
And is removed to the outside via the cloth 35. At the same time, the pipe ends are fastened by rock faces 37, 38 and plates 26, 28, 2
Produces 9 compressions. The mixed water discharged from the perforations 3 of the casing 1 of the outer shell is transparent. Because of this configuration, the tube
Most of the 24 contents are completely drained. The resulting combination of building material and tube 24 already has sufficient stability under load prior to hardening of its grout consisting of cement or gypsum or other hardenable building material. For this purpose, the locking wedge 20 is removed, and as shown in FIG. 4, the casing 1 of the outer shell can be opened and removed. After curing, the tube 24 (along with its cloth 35) forms a reinforcement for the struts of building material. The outer shell casing 1 is
It can be timely used elsewhere to make another strut of the type described above.

Posts that are finished after removal and hardening of casing 1
39 has a sufficiently cylindrical design in the length of the casing 1 of the shell according to the embodiment of FIG. Tube ends extending downward and upward from casing 1 respectively
Although 40 and 41 bulge outward in the radial direction, the outer diameter is only slightly larger than the cylindrical portion at the center of the column 39. Due to its small value, the filling neck 31 remains on the cloth 35 of the tube 24 used as reinforcement, but can be removed, for example, to retrieve the check valve.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 6 to 8, the semi-shells 4, 5 can be completely separated from each other. It is a closing structure according to the embodiment of FIGS. 2, 3, 4 (fork 16, tongue piece 17, slot
18, 19 and wedge 20), arrows 42, 43, 44, 45
As shown by (FIG. 8), the band-shaped clamp halves 14,1
5 is provided at both ends.

According to another embodiment, the struts are formed without a shell casing. 9 and 10, according to FIG.
Since both ends are closed by the bottom of the prefab and the plates 28 and 29, both ends are resistant to leakage even under high pressure. Building materials with a very short setting time exert a large pressure on the tube 24, so that the tube 24 is made not only of a highly resistant synthetic yarn of the kind described above, but also of a reinforcement 50. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the stiffener 50 is helical to ensure that it conforms to the openings of the various rocks, especially the thickness of the mineral layer. In addition to this outer reinforcement, an inner reinforcement is also used, which is not shown. According to the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, the specific tip of the plate is connected to rings 51, 52 secured to the rock by bolts or clamps by spring locking means. Tube 2
4 thus further provides a relatively stable and overly rigid outer shell to ensure the shape of the struts shown. The tube 24 is filled under pressure via a filling neck 54.

When creating progressively sized struts, this is
Achieved by variable lengths that allow it to adapt to different rock openings or mineral layer thicknesses. According to the configuration shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, two concentric metal rings 55, 55a
The cloth 35 is clamped between these rings in a state where the cloth 35 is folded in several layers in an accordion shape. In the case of tensile strain in the axial direction, the cloth 35
Can be drawn from the magazine thus formed. The tightening (clamping) effect is due to the tube 24 being clamped together under the internal pressure created during filling.
Is selected so that the folded cloth 35 does not slip out.

Very strong supports, especially used as struts,
This is shown in FIG. For very difficult rock conditions, the struts may be provided with some flexibility, which in the example shown is a rigid foam placed on the roof side.
It is secured by a plate 29 made of 56. The thickness of this plate 29 determines the flexibility. The rigid polyurethane foam has a low specific gravity, so that it is easy to carry.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the rocking means (post forming means) is also provided on the support. This is provided by an open chamber 57 in the filling into which the explosive is inserted before rocking. However, in this example, the connecting portion 58
The structure of the chamber 57 may be such that the columns are forcibly separated by hydraulic pressure applied from the outside via the through hole. A plastic foam inserted into the cloth tube 24 before filling may be used as a molding means for the chamber 57.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a device which allows partial or complete mechanization of the production of the struts. An upper structure provided with an extension arm 59 is provided on a movable device (not shown) which is rotatably and pivotably mounted on a small movable vehicle. Above it is arranged a spatially pivotable support system consisting of two rings 60,61 and two supports 62,63 (for example hydraulic actuators). The fabric tube 24 is inserted into the support system, along with its connecting rings 51,52, so that the rings 51,52 abut the roof and floor when the supports 62,63 move outward or bulge. You. The supports 62 and 63 receive pressure from a control stand of the vehicle via a hydraulic pipe 64. After a relatively short curing time (preferably several minutes), the oscillating parts 65, 66 of the rings 60, 61 (FIG. 12)
Are open to the roof and floor (in the directions of arrows 67 and 68, respectively) so that the support means can be removed from the stable established post after draining. Not shown are the containers arranged on the vehicle for the building material, the addendum, the mixing water, and the pump that supplies the building material under pressure to the fabric tube 24.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the plates 26, 28 and 29 have a smaller diameter than the casing 1 of the outer shell. To this end, the upper plates 28, 29 are placed on the conical portion 22a of the metal sheet 2 before and during the filling process of the tube 24. First
According to another embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 15, the plates 28, 29 are relatively small and needle means are used to support these plates above the casing 1 of the outer shell. I have. At the upper closed end 70 of the fabric tube 24, the plates 28, 29 are supported on needles 71, 72, which are
And is passed radially through the tube 24. After the liquid building material is stored in the cloth tube 24, the needles 71, 72
Is withdrawn (before the building material hardens). Needle 71,7
2 is formed from a length of sufficiently stiff wire.

According to another embodiment of the invention, casing 1 is adapted to allow longitudinal extension of casing 1 by receiving one or more extension members. As shown in FIG. 16, the casing 1 includes a plurality of casing portions 7.
Made from 4,75,76. The upper casing part 74
At its upper end, the conical section 22a of the seat 2 and at the lower end thereof, the conical section 22b of the seat 2
, Respectively. These casing parts 74,7
6 is adapted to receive a casing part 75 as a casing extension in the meantime. The lower casing part 76 receives a hook 77 at its upper end for receiving and engaging the lower end of the casing part 75, and the upper casing part 75 receives the lower end of the upper casing part 75. Hooks 78 for engaging with the levers are provided at the upper ends thereof. Additional casing part 75
Can be inserted to form a casing 1 of a desired length.

Although the present invention has been proved above with respect to specific embodiments thereof, the present invention can be implemented in various modifications other than these embodiments, and the above-described specific configuration is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Is not limited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a support according to the present invention before a building material is inserted, with a portion unnecessary for understanding the present invention removed. FIG. 2 is a closed state of a casing of an outer shell body according to the present invention. , FIG. 3 is a top view showing the casing of FIG. 2 partially closed and partially cut away, and FIG. 4 is a top view showing the casing of FIG. 2 open. Top view corresponding to FIG. 3 shown,
FIG. 5 is a side view showing the pillars finished according to the present invention after the outer shell has been removed, FIG. 6 shows a modified example of the outer shell, and a side view corresponding to FIG. 2; FIG. 7 shows the outer shell of FIG. 6, which is a top view corresponding to FIG. 3, and FIG. 8 shows the outer shell of FIGS. 6, 7 and is a top view corresponding to FIG. FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 5 and shows a modified embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a detail view showing a part of FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Corresponding longitudinal section, twelfth
FIG. 13 is a top view showing the embodiment of FIG. 11, and FIG.
Corresponding to FIG. 9, another embodiment of the present invention is shown, a part of which is cut away, a side view which is partially shown by a cross section, and FIG. 14 is a first embodiment showing still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15--15 of FIG. 14,
FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 and showing still another embodiment of the present invention. 24 ... tube, 35 ... cloth, 39 ... post.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Klaus Spies 5100 Achen-Schumithof, Frenetstrasse 49, Germany 49

Claims (16)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of fabricating a fabric-reinforced support comprising a hardenable building material and a reinforcement, particularly in a mine or tunnel structure, comprising the steps of: A liquid building material is stretched approximately vertically between a floor and a roof, and a liquid building material that is pressurized is filled in the tubular body made of cloth, and the liquid building material is passed through the tubular body made of fabric. Removing the water from the outside of the cloth tube and holding the drained solid matter of the liquid building material in the form of a column which rapidly hardens from the bottom to the top inside the cloth tube, A method comprising the steps of causing the fabric tube to be a self-supporting outer reinforcement for the hardened column. 2. A part between the ends of a cloth tube is surrounded by a perforated rigid shell casing, and water from the liquid building material removed from the cloth tube is removed from the shell member. The method according to claim 1, further comprising removing the casing of the outer shell from around the tubular body made of cloth before the building material is hardened by discharging through the perforation of the casing. 3. A fabric tube at the upper end while the casing of the outer shell has a length corresponding to the desired average thickness of the columns and is filled with a pressurized liquid building material. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the abutment is abutted against the roof and, at the lower end, is abutted against and supported on the floor, and is tightened between the roof and the floor by the pressure of the filler. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of tightening the column in a pressure-flexible configuration using a pressure-flexible material in the form of one or more plates at at least one end of the fabric tube. Preparation method as described. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of removing water from the liquid building material by providing a plate made of a material that reacts with the water to be removed. 6. An apparatus used to make a post from a cloth tube filled with a liquid building material, the device comprising a rigid body for enclosing the tube along a portion of the length of the tube. A tubular outer shell, the outer shell having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer dimension and outer shape of the cloth tube, both ends being open, and the outer shell being perforated and extending along the pipe axis. A structural support member is defined along a plurality of shell portions, the shell portions having a removable closure. 7. The structural support according to claim 6, wherein both ends of the casing of the outer shell have flares directed outward. 8. The structural support material according to claim 6, wherein an extension member of the tubular outer shell for extending the tubular outer shell in the axial direction is fixed to the tubular outer shell. 9. Structural support according to claim 6, wherein the tubular shell is mounted and selectively supported by at least one preferably telescopic extension arm. 10. The filling neck of the liquid building material for the fabric tube is directed from the inside of the fabric tube to the outside thereof via a casing of the shell. A structural support as described. 11. At least one plate made of a pressure-flexible material is inserted into a cloth tube, the inner surface of which is supported proximate one of the ends of the tube. A structural support according to claim 6, characterized in that: 12. Filling a cloth tube with a pressurized liquid building material extends the cloth tube in the axial direction, and at least one end of the cloth tube has an outer shell. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the casing is forced out of one of the ends of the casing so that drainage occurs along the tip of the cloth tube outside the casing of the shell. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of leaving a recess in the building material while the building material forms the pillar so that the recess can be externally approached. 14. The portion of the tubing made of fabric, which is at least proximate to one of its ends, is collected together, one end is closed, and the portion of the tubing collected is at least 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of accommodating each of the plates in a recess of the plate. 15. At least one plate is placed in a cloth tube.
In the vicinity of the closed upper end portion, a plurality of needles are supported on the upper end of the casing of the outer shell body during filling of the cloth tube so as to support the plate member in the radial direction through the cloth tube. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of: 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising withdrawing the needle from the cloth tube after filling, but before curing the building material.