JP2714799B2 - Electric outboard motor - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electric outboard motor used for small boats.

[Conventional technology]

Electric outboard motors have the advantage of quiet operation,
It is used in small fishing boats and fishing boats, for example, for moving a short distance in a fishing ground.

An electric outboard motor of this type includes a propeller driven by a DC motor below a holding tube supported by a bracket so as to be able to turn freely, and the direction of the propeller is changed by a rod-shaped steering handle connected to the holding tube. Things are common. Then, an amplifying element such as a field-effect transistor is connected between the storage battery and the DC motor, and the rotational speed of the DC motor is controlled by controlling the current flowing through the DC motor with the amplifying element. ing.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in such a structure, since current always flows through the amplifying element, power is lost by the amplifying element itself, and there is a limit in improving the output of the DC motor. Was. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides an electric outboard motor capable of improving the output of a DC motor as much as possible.

[Means for solving the problem]

An electric outboard motor according to the present invention comprises a first switch connected to a storage battery and a DC motor via an amplifying element around a handle shaft provided on a steering handle, the first switch being closed when the handle shaft is rotated, and an amplifier. A second switch that connects the storage battery and the DC motor without interposing the element and is closed when the DC motor rotates at a high speed, and a first cam and a second cam that operate the first switch and the second switch. Is provided on the handle shaft.

[Action]

In the present invention, when the steering handle is turned, the first switch is closed, and current flows to the DC motor via the amplifying element, and when the steering handle is turned and the DC motor rotates at high speed, the second switch is turned on. The switch is closed and current flows from the second switch directly to the DC motor.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a main part of an electric outboard motor according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a small boat provided with an electric outboard motor, and the reference numeral 1 in FIG. 4 shows a hull of the small boat. Reference numeral 2 denotes an electric outboard motor detachably attached to the rear of the hull 1 via a bracket 3. The electric outboard motor 2 includes a holding pipe 4 that is supported by a bracket 3 so as to be freely turned, a casing 5 connected to a lower portion of the holding pipe 4, and a DC It comprises an electric motor 6 and a propeller 7 disposed on the rear side of the holding tube 4.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a resin case provided on the upper part of the holding tube 4 and accommodates a control component for controlling a current flowing from the storage battery 12 mounted on the hull 1 to the DC motor 6. Reference numeral 13 denotes a steering handle connected to the holding tube 4 via the case 11. A handle shaft 14 facing the inside of the case 11 is provided at a rear portion of the steering handle 13 in series. The steering handle 13 is rotatable about an axis by the handle shaft 14 being rotatably supported by bearings 16 and 17 fixed to the bottom and the front of the case 11.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a variable resistor that controls a current flowing through the DC motor 6. The variable resistor 21 is connected to the steering handle 13 via a handle shaft 14. That is, the variable resistor 21
Are arranged coaxially behind the handle shaft 14, and are connected in the rotation direction by engaging the tip of the rotation shaft with the handle shaft 14.

22 and 23 are the first switches housed in the front of case 11, 2
Reference numerals 4 and 25 denote second switches housed in a substantially central portion of the case 11, and these switches are arranged around the idle shaft 14 so as to face each other via the handle shaft 14. The handle shaft 14 is provided with one first cam 26 and two second cams 27 and 28 for operating these switches. In the neutral state shown in FIG. 2, the first cam 26 has an arc portion extending from the vicinity of the operator 22a of the first switch 22 to the vicinity of the operator 23a of the other first switch 23. When the handle shaft 14 is rotated, one of the first switches is closed by engaging with one of the actuators. Here, when only one of the first switches 22 and 23 is closed, the direction of the current flowing to the DC motor 6 is switched. In the neutral state shown in FIG. 3, the second cams 27 and 28 are operated by the operators 24a and 25a of the second switches 24 and 25.
Of the handle shaft 14
When the rotation angle of each of the actuators 24a,
Both second switches 24 and 25 are closed in connection with 25a. That is, the second switches 24 and 25 are both closed when the DC motor 6 rotates at a high speed with the turning angle of the handle shaft 14 increased. The resistance of the variable resistor 21 is set so that the resistance value becomes maximum when the handle shaft 14 is in a neutral state, and gradually decreases as the handle shaft 14 is rotated.

Next, the electric wiring of the electric outboard motor will be described.
The figure is an electric circuit diagram of the electric outboard motor, 6 is a DC motor, 12 is a storage battery, and 21 is a variable resistor. The electric wires connected to the positive side and the negative side of the storage battery 12 are each branched into two and connected to switching contacts 31 and 32 which are switched by operating the first switches 22 and 23, and then a field-effect transistor as an amplifying element. It is connected to the DC motor 6 via 33,34. The field effect transistors 33 and 34 have a source S,
It has a drain D and a gate G, controls the current flowing from the drain D to the source S according to the voltage applied to the gate G, and flows the current flowing from the source S to the drain D without control Things. The gate G and the source S are connected via resistors 35 and 36, and the respective gates G and G are connected via diodes 37 and 38.

Reference numeral 39 denotes a rectifier comprising four diodes 41 connected in parallel between the switching contacts 31 and 32, and a variable resistor 21 and a resistor 42 connected in series between both ends.
The low potential side of the variable resistor 21 is connected to the diodes 37 and 38.
Connected between them. 43 and 44 are normally open second switches 2
4,25 contacts. The contacts 43 and 44 are provided in a circuit that connects the switching contacts 31 and 32 and the DC motor 6 without passing through the field effect transistors 33 and 34, and closes the circuit when the actuators 24a and 25a are operated. .

Reference numeral 51 denotes a normally open emergency switch having contacts 52 and 53 for short-circuiting the source S side and the drain D side of each of the field effect transistors 33 and 34. The emergency switch 51 is operated so as to be manually closed, and each of the field effect transistors 33 and 3 is operated.
When the current breaks and the current stops flowing, the current flows to the DC motor 6 by bypassing the current.

In the electric outboard motor configured as described above, when the steering handle 13 is rotated clockwise around the axis in FIG. 2 from the neutral state, the first cam 26 engages with the operator 23a, and in FIG. The switching contacts 31 and 32 are DC motors 6 indicated by solid lines.
Is operated so as to rotate the hull 1 forward. Therefore, the current flows in the direction of the arrow shown by the solid line. That is, the current passing through the switching contact 31 is divided into the rectifier 39, the resistor 35, and the field effect transistor 33. The current flowing to the rectifier 39 flows through the variable resistor 21 and the resistor 42, and then contacts 32.
Flows to Here, the voltage on the low potential side of the variable resistor 21 is applied to the gate G of the field effect transistor 34 via the diode 38. Source S to field effect transistor 33
The current flowing from the side passes through the drain D and
After that, it flows to the field effect transistor 34. Here, as described above, the gate G of the field effect transistor
Is applied with the voltage on the low potential side of the variable resistor 21, the current flowing from the drain D to the source S is controlled. That is, when the steering handle 13 is rotated, the resistance value of the variable resistor 21 changes. Therefore, the rotation speed of the DC motor 6 is controlled according to the resistance value.

When the turning angle of the steering handle 13 is increased,
The DC motor 6 rotates at high speed. Here, when the steering handle 13 is further rotated, the second cams 27 and 28 are engaged with the operators 24a and 25a, and the second switches 24 and 25 are closed.
The contacts 43 and 44 are operated in the state shown by the broken lines. for that reason,
The current flowing from the storage battery 12 to the switching contact 31 flows directly to the DC motor 6 via the contact 43.

On the other hand, when the steering handle 13 is turned counterclockwise in FIG. 2, the first cam 26 engages with the operator 22a, and the contacts 31,
Reference numeral 32 denotes a state in which the DC motor 6 indicated by a broken line is reversed to move the hull 1 backward. In this case, the current flows as indicated by the broken line, and the current flowing through the DC motor 6 is controlled by the variable resistor 21 and the field effect transistor 33. And
When the steering handle 13 is turned, the second cams 27 and 28
4a, 25a, the second switches 24, 25 are closed, and the contact 4
3, 44 are operated in the state shown by the broken line.

Therefore, during high-speed operation of the DC motor 6, the power loss due to the field effect transistors 33 and 34 is eliminated,
Not only can the efficiency of the system for controlling the DC motor 6 be improved, but also a large current can be applied to the DC motor 6 to increase the output. In addition, one steering handle 13 can not only change the direction, rotation direction and rotation speed of the propeller 7, but also short-circuit the field effect transistors 33 and 34, the second switches 24 and 25.
Can also be operated, so that maneuvering of the ship does not become complicated.

In the embodiment, since the emergency switch 51 is provided, the DC motor 6 is operated by operating the emergency switch 51 even if the field effect transistors 33 and 34 are destroyed and the current stops flowing. Can be rotated. Therefore, the ship can be moved without performing special repairs.

In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a field-effect transistor is used as an amplifying element has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Can be used. Further, in both forward and reverse travels, the example has been described in which the field effect transistor is short-circuited during high-speed rotation of the DC motor 6, but a structure in which the field-effect transistor is short-circuited only in forward travel may be adopted.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the first switch that is connected to the storage battery and the DC motor via the amplifying element around the handle shaft provided on the steering handle and is closed when the handle shaft is rotated, and A storage battery and a DC motor are connected without an amplifying element, and a second switch that is closed when the DC motor rotates at a high speed is arranged, and a first cam and a second switch that operate the first switch and the second switch are arranged. Since the cam is provided on the handle shaft, when the steering handle is turned, the current flows to the DC motor via the amplifying element, and when the steering handle is turned and the DC motor rotates at high speed, the current flows from the second switch. It flows directly to the DC motor.

Therefore, during high-speed operation, power loss due to the amplifying element can be eliminated, so that the efficiency of the system for controlling the DC motor can be improved. As a result, a large amount of current flows to the DC motor by that much, and the output can be improved. In addition, since only the steering handle needs to be operated, the maneuvering of the boat is not complicated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a main part of an electric outboard motor according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a small boat provided with an electric outboard motor, and FIG. 5 is an electric circuit diagram of the electric outboard motor. 6 ... DC motor, 12 ... battery, 13 ... steering handle, 14 ... handle shaft, 21 ... variable resistor, 22, 23 ...
1st switch, 24, 25 ... 2nd switch, 26 ... 1st cam, 27, 28 ... 2nd cam, 31, 32 ... Switching contact, 33, 34 ...
... field effect transistors, 43, 44 ... contacts.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A bar-shaped steering handle for changing the direction of a propeller is provided rotatably about an axis, and the steering handle and the variable resistor are connected via a handle shaft provided on the steering handle in series. Around the handle shaft, a storage battery and a DC motor are connected via an amplifying element that controls the current by the low-potential-side voltage of the variable resistor, and a first switch that is closed when the handle shaft rotates and the first switch. A storage battery and a DC motor are connected without an amplifying element, and a second switch that is closed when the DC motor rotates at a high speed is arranged, and a first cam and a second switch that operate the first switch and the second switch are arranged. An electric outboard motor with a cam mounted on the handle shaft.