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JP2720152B2 - Particle handling device - Google Patents
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JP2720152B2 - Particle handling device - Google Patents

Particle handling device

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Publication number
JP2720152B2
JP2720152B2 JP62045198A JP4519887A JP2720152B2 JP 2720152 B2 JP2720152 B2 JP 2720152B2 JP 62045198 A JP62045198 A JP 62045198A JP 4519887 A JP4519887 A JP 4519887A JP 2720152 B2 JP2720152 B2 JP 2720152B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tank
vibration
vibrator
fluid
operation tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP62045198A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63214348A (en
Inventor
閃一 増田
正夫 鷲津
利行 難波
Original Assignee
株式会社 アドバンス
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Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社 アドバンス filed Critical 株式会社 アドバンス
Priority to JP62045198A priority Critical patent/JP2720152B2/en
Publication of JPS63214348A publication Critical patent/JPS63214348A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2720152B2 publication Critical patent/JP2720152B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/36Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/42Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations this sub-group includes the fluidised bed subjected to electric or magnetic fields

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は微粒子を凝集、又は移動、停止を行う微粒子
操作装置に関する。 従来、微粒子懸濁液中で微粒子を凝集、移動、停止等
のハンドリングを行なう場合、(1)フィルターを用い
る方法、(2)遠心機を用いる方法、(3)静電力を用
いる方法、(4)磁場を用いる方法、(5)超音波によ
る方法などがあるが、それぞれ次のような欠点を有す
る。 (1)粒子が細胞のようにこわれやすい場合、損傷が
問題になる。(2)装置が大型となり、流体集積回路と
して1つの基盤に組み込むことはできない。(3)粒子
がプロトプラストのようにこわれやすい場合、細胞膜が
破壊する。又、液が導電性の場合電気分解が生じ、それ
により生成される気泡やイオンが有害になる場合が多
い。(4)粒子が磁性に持つ場合にしか使えない。粒子
に磁性を持つ粒子を付着させて目的とする操作を行なう
と、操作後その両者を分離する必要がある。(5)超音
波による粒子の破壊、キャビテーションの発生などが問
題になる。特に細胞内の微細構造などは容易に破壊され
る可能性がある。 従って本発明の目的は、以上の欠点を克服し、安定し
た流体微粒子の移動、停止等のハンドリングが可能な微
粒子操作装置を提供することにある。 本発明に於ける微粒子及び流体とは、動植物細胞懸濁
液あるいはバクテリア、細菌、及び単細胞乃至多細胞微
生物、及びこれをとりまく液体乃至気体に、更には粉体
状の無機物、有機物、及びこれをとりまく液体乃至気体
等を例示し得る。 次に本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して詳細に説明す
る。 第1図は本発明を側部から見た断面図であり、第2図
は第1図に示した基板(9)を上面から見た図である。 基板(9)上には、操作槽広部(2)及び操作槽狭部
(3)及び振動槽(1)が凹状に形成されている。基板
上部、特に操作槽(4)に相当する部分には、蓋部
(5)で蓋がされている。蓋部(5)にはシリコン等が
使用されている。 振動槽(1)上部には、機械的なたわみ振動を行なう
振動子(8)が蓋部(5)に接着剤等で接着固定されて
いる。 又、基板(9)の材料は特に限定しないが、ここでは
シリコーン樹脂を使用した。出入口(11)は外部操作槽
と開閉弁(12)を介して接続され、流体の注入口でもあ
る。 (14)では交流電源装置で、振動子(8)を振動せし
める為の電気エネルギーの供給源である。 本実施例では振動子(8)にピエゾ素子を使用した。
ピエゾ素子は交流電源電圧の経時的変化に対応した振動
を行なう。 基板の製造方法としては、次のようなものが考えられ
る。すなわち紫外線硬化樹脂表面に操作槽、流路振動槽
等のパターンを書いたフォトマスクをのせ、その上から
紫外線を照射する。照射後、未硬化部を洗い流して、型
枠を形成する。この型枠に、硬化性シリコーンゴムを流
し込む。硬化後これを取り出してシリコーンゴムの基板
を形成する。又、他の方法としては、フォトリソグラフ
ィー技術を用いて、シリコン板上に上記パターンに沿っ
た凹凸を形成し、これを型枠として本発明の基板を形成
する方法等が提示される。両者共、流路が1mm以下とな
るような場合に好ましい製造方法となり得るが、他の方
法が形成してもかまわなく、例えばアルミナ、ハイドロ
キシアパタイト等のセラミックスをエッチング加工して
も、本発明微粒子操作装置は構成されるものであり、上
記例に限られるものではない。 又、振動手段は、操作槽内に流体の流動を生じせしめ
る手段であればよい。これは例えば温度差を経時的に変
化させて使用する形状記憶合金、モーター等を使用した
バイブレーターが例示される。 次に、本実施例の動作を第4図乃至第6図を用いて説
明する。 微粒子懸濁液は、基板(9)に設けられた出入口(1
1)から注入される。操作槽(4)及び振動槽(1)内
に微粒子を含む流体が充填された後、開閉弁(12)によ
って出入口(11)は閉じられる。 次に交流電源装置(14)を作動させ、交流電圧を振動
子(8)に印加する。振動子(8)の振動は、振動槽
(1)の流体に伝搬する。振動子(8)が振動すると、
振動槽内の流体に振動圧が加わり、操作槽内の流体は、
微少な往復振動運動を行う。即ち操作槽内に振動流体場
が形成される。 振動子(8)の振動の振幅(ここでは懸濁液)a、角
周波数ωが、次式で表される無次元数R を1〜500程度とするように設定した時、この振動流体
場の中に第4図、第5図に示すような微小往復振動の振
幅よりはるかに大きいスケールの規則的、定常的うずが
生じることが実験的に見いだされた。 この規則的、定常的うずにより、操作槽広部(2)に
沈殿している微粒子は第6図の細い矢印の方向へ移動
し、操作槽狭部(3)へトラップされる。 第4図、第5図は、第1図及び第2図に示した実施例
中、操作槽(4)のみで表わした略図である。図中、矢
印部(Y)は振動手段が存在する部分である。 第4図は側面図(第1図に対応)、第5,6図は上面図
(第2図に対応)であり、第5図は第4図のA−A′断
面、第6図はB−B′断面である。 操作槽狭部(3)にトラップされた微粒子は、例えば
複数のプロトプラストであるのなら、この部分にPEGを
添加し、効率よく細胞融合を生じせしめることも可能で
あり、更に微粒子であれば簡単に固定しておくこともで
きる。又、マイクロインジェクションの固定針の代わり
としてもその効果はあり、2次的操作の利用は幅広いも
のである。 尚、操作槽狭部及び操作槽広部の寸法は、特に限定さ
れるものではない。つまり微粒子の大きさ及び懸濁液の
粘性に応じて変更し得るものである。尚、上記実施例に
於いては、赤血球等の数ミクロンの微粒子を広部は幅1.
8mm、狭部は0.9mm程度とした操作槽において操作した場
合、及び粒径30μm程度の石松子(松の花粉)を同じ操
作槽にて操作した場合、いずれの場合にも振動数70程度
で粒子の凝集が観測された。 次に本発明を実験例により詳細に説明する。 実験例 上記実施例に基づき、全体の大きさが縦45mm、横30m
m、高さ4mmの本発明微粒子操作装置を作成した。第3図
にその外観を示す。本発明の細部に於ける寸法は、注入
口(71)は深さ1mm、長さ5mm、幅0.9mm、振動槽(72)
は直径15mm、深さ2mm、流路(73)は幅2mm、長さ3mm、
深さ2mm、操作槽狭部(74)は幅0.5mm、深さ2mm、操作
槽広部(75)は幅1.8mm、深さ2mmである。操作槽狭部
(74)及び操作槽広部(75)の輪郭は正弦波曲線を描い
ている。注入口(71)は外部流体槽と開閉弁を介して接
続されている。 振動槽(72)上部には、ピエゾ素子からなる振動子
(77)が配置されている。振動子(77)は導電線(78)
を介して電源装置と接続されている。又、操作槽上部に
は厚さ2mmのガラス板を蓋(79)として覆い固定されて
いる。蓋(79)は破線で示した。これら各構成は振動子
(77)及び蓋(79)を除き、シリコーンゴム製の基板
(80)上に一体的に成形されたものである。 次に注入口(71)より、ヒト赤血球を含む生理食塩水
を注入し、この生理食塩水が振動槽及び操作槽各部に充
填された後、注入口(71)を閉める。出入口(76)は、
開けたままで外部流体槽と接続した状態となっている。 振動数約70Hzの交流電圧を振動子に印加し、操作槽内
を顕微鏡下で赤血球の動きを観察した。 結果、交流電圧を印加した後、徐々に赤血球は操作槽
狭部(74)に移動し始め、数分後ほとんどの赤血球は操
作槽狭部に移動停止した。 このように直接操作槽に振動手段を設けても、その振
動数が上記に示す無次元数Rとなれば、第4図乃至第6
図に示すように規則的かつ定常的うずが生じ、微粒子は
操作槽狭部にトラップされる。 以上詳細の如く本発明は、微粒子の性質に関係なく、
確実に微粒子を移動等のハンドリングすることができる
等、効果は絶大である。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a particle manipulation device for aggregating, moving, or stopping particles. Conventionally, when handling such as aggregating, moving, and stopping fine particles in a fine particle suspension, (1) a method using a filter, (2) a method using a centrifuge, (3) a method using electrostatic force, (4) There are a method using a magnetic field and a method using (5) ultrasonic waves, but each has the following disadvantages. (1) When the particles are easily broken like cells, damage is a problem. (2) The device becomes large in size and cannot be integrated as a fluid integrated circuit on a single substrate. (3) When the particles are easily broken like protoplasts, the cell membrane is destroyed. In addition, when the liquid is conductive, electrolysis occurs, and the bubbles and ions generated thereby are often harmful. (4) It can be used only when the particles have magnetism. When a desired operation is performed by attaching magnetic particles to the particles, it is necessary to separate them after the operation. (5) Destruction of particles and generation of cavitation due to ultrasonic waves become problems. In particular, microstructures in cells may be easily destroyed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a particle manipulation apparatus which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks and can handle stable movement and stoppage of fluid particles. The fine particles and the fluid according to the present invention include animal and plant cell suspensions or bacteria, bacteria, single-cell or multicellular microorganisms, and liquids or gases surrounding the same, and also powdered inorganic substances, organic substances, and the like. The surrounding liquid or gas can be exemplified. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the present invention as viewed from the side, and FIG. 2 is a view of the substrate (9) shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from above. On the substrate (9), an operation tank wide part (2), an operation tank narrow part (3) and a vibration tank (1) are formed in a concave shape. The upper part of the substrate, particularly the part corresponding to the operation tank (4), is covered with a lid (5). Silicon or the like is used for the lid (5). A vibrator (8) for performing mechanical flexural vibration is adhered and fixed to the lid (5) with an adhesive or the like above the vibrating tank (1). Although the material of the substrate (9) is not particularly limited, a silicone resin is used here. The entrance (11) is connected to an external operation tank via an on-off valve (12), and is also a fluid inlet. In (14), an AC power supply is a source of electric energy for vibrating the vibrator (8). In this embodiment, a piezo element is used for the vibrator (8).
The piezo element oscillates according to the temporal change of the AC power supply voltage. The following can be considered as a method of manufacturing the substrate. That is, a photomask on which a pattern of an operation tank, a flow path vibration tank, and the like is written is placed on the surface of the ultraviolet curing resin, and ultraviolet light is irradiated from above. After the irradiation, the uncured portion is washed away to form a mold. A curable silicone rubber is poured into the mold. After curing, this is taken out to form a silicone rubber substrate. Further, as another method, there is proposed a method of forming irregularities along the above-mentioned pattern on a silicon plate by using photolithography technology, and using this as a mold to form a substrate of the present invention. Both can be a preferred production method when the flow path is 1 mm or less, but other methods may be formed, for example, alumina, hydroxyapatite or other ceramics may be etched, and the fine particles of the present invention may be formed. The operation device is configured, and is not limited to the above example. Further, the vibrating means may be any means that causes the fluid to flow in the operation tank. This is exemplified by a vibrator using a shape memory alloy, a motor or the like which is used by changing the temperature difference with time. Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The fine particle suspension is supplied to the entrance (1) provided on the substrate (9).
Injected from 1). After the operation tank (4) and the vibration tank (1) are filled with the fluid containing the fine particles, the entrance (11) is closed by the on-off valve (12). Next, the AC power supply (14) is operated to apply an AC voltage to the vibrator (8). The vibration of the vibrator (8) propagates to the fluid in the vibration tank (1). When the vibrator (8) vibrates,
Vibration pressure is applied to the fluid in the vibration tank, and the fluid in the operation tank
Performs a small reciprocating vibration motion. That is, an oscillating fluid field is formed in the operation tank. The amplitude (here, suspension) a of the vibration of the vibrator (8) and the angular frequency ω are represented by a dimensionless number R represented by the following equation. Is set to about 1 to 500, a regular and steady vortex of a scale much larger than the amplitude of the minute reciprocating vibration as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is generated in this oscillating fluid field. Was found experimentally. Due to this regular and steady vortex, the fine particles settling in the wide part (2) of the operation tank move in the direction of the thin arrow in FIG. 6 and are trapped in the narrow part (3) of the operation tank. FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic views of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and only showing the operation tank (4). In the figure, the arrow (Y) is a portion where the vibration means exists. 4 is a side view (corresponding to FIG. 1), FIGS. 5 and 6 are top views (corresponding to FIG. 2), FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 4, and FIG. It is BB 'cross section. If the fine particles trapped in the narrow portion of the operation tank (3) are, for example, a plurality of protoplasts, it is possible to add PEG to this portion to cause efficient cell fusion. Can also be fixed. The effect is also effective as a substitute for the fixed needle of the microinjection, and the use of the secondary operation is wide. The dimensions of the operation tank narrow portion and the operation tank wide portion are not particularly limited. That is, it can be changed according to the size of the fine particles and the viscosity of the suspension. In the above embodiment, fine particles of several microns such as erythrocytes have a width of 1.
When operated in an operation tank with a diameter of about 8 mm and a narrow section of about 0.9 mm, and when a stone pine (pine pollen) with a particle size of about 30 μm is operated in the same operation tank, the frequency is about 70 in both cases. Particle agglomeration was observed. Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to experimental examples. Experimental example Based on the above example, the overall size is 45 mm long and 30 m wide
m, a particle manipulation device of the present invention having a height of 4 mm was prepared. Fig. 3 shows its appearance. The dimensions of the details of the present invention are as follows: the inlet (71) has a depth of 1 mm, a length of 5 mm, a width of 0.9 mm, and a vibration tank (72).
Is 15mm in diameter, 2mm in depth, and the channel (73) is 2mm in width, 3mm in length,
The depth of the operation tank is 2 mm, the width of the narrow operation tank (74) is 0.5 mm and the depth of 2 mm, and the width of the wide operation tank (75) is 1.8 mm and 2 mm. The outline of the operation tank narrow part (74) and the operation tank wide part (75) draw a sine wave curve. The inlet (71) is connected to the external fluid tank via an on-off valve. A vibrator (77) composed of a piezo element is arranged above the vibrating tank (72). The vibrator (77) is a conductive wire (78)
Connected to the power supply. Further, a glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm is covered and fixed as a lid (79) on the upper part of the operation tank. The lid (79) is indicated by a dashed line. These components, except for the vibrator (77) and the lid (79), are integrally formed on a silicone rubber substrate (80). Next, a physiological saline solution containing human red blood cells is injected from the injection port (71), and after this physiological saline solution is filled in the vibration tank and the operation tank, the injection port (71) is closed. The entrance (76)
It is in a state of being connected to an external fluid tank while being opened. An AC voltage having a frequency of about 70 Hz was applied to the vibrator, and the movement of the red blood cells was observed under a microscope in the operation tank. As a result, after applying the AC voltage, the red blood cells gradually started to move to the narrow portion of the operation tank (74), and after a few minutes, most of the red blood cells stopped moving to the narrow portion of the operation tank. Even if the vibration means is provided directly in the operation tank, if the vibration frequency is the dimensionless number R shown above, FIGS.
As shown in the figure, a regular and steady vortex is generated, and the fine particles are trapped in the narrow portion of the operation tank. As described in detail above, the present invention, regardless of the properties of the fine particles,
The effect is enormous, for example, it is possible to reliably handle the movement of the fine particles.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は、本発明の実施例を示す断面図、第2図は、本
発明の実施例の略正面図、第3図は、本発明の斜視図、
第4図、第5図、第6図は、本発明の動作を説明するた
めの状態図である。 1……振動槽、8……振動子、 2……操作槽広部、9……基板、 3……操作槽狭部、10……導電線、 4……操作槽、11……出入口、 5……蓋部、12……開閉弁、 14……交流電源装置
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 are state diagrams for explaining the operation of the present invention. 1 ... vibrating tank, 8 ... vibrator, 2 ... wide section of operating tank, 9 ... board, 3 ... narrow section of operating tank, 10 ... conductive wire, 4 ... operating tank, 11 ... entrance, 5 ... lid, 12 ... on-off valve, 14 ... AC power supply

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.基板上に形成され、幅の狭い領域と幅の広い領域と
を持ちこれら領域間がなめらかに結ばれた操作槽、電気
エネルギーの供給により次式で示された無次元数Rを1
〜500の範囲とする微小な往復振動を発生させる振動
子、前記振動子を配置し且つ前記操作槽と流体を介して
接続した振動槽よりなり、前記振動子の振動により、前
記操作槽中の流体に微小な往復振動を与えることによ
り、規則的かつ定常的うずを発生させ、前記流体中の微
粒子を出発点から前記操作槽の挟部へ移動、凝集させる
ことを特徴とする微粒子操作装置。
(57) [Claims] An operation tank formed on a substrate and having a narrow area and a wide area, and these areas are smoothly connected to each other. By supplying electric energy, a dimensionless number R represented by the following equation is set to 1
A vibrator that generates minute reciprocating vibrations in a range of up to 500, a vibrating tank in which the vibrator is arranged and connected via a fluid to the operating tank, and the vibration of the vibrator causes a vibration in the operating tank. A fine particle operation device, wherein a fine reciprocating vibration is applied to a fluid to generate a regular and steady vortex, and the fine particles in the fluid are moved and aggregated from a starting point to a sandwiching portion of the operation tank.
JP62045198A 1987-03-02 1987-03-02 Particle handling device Expired - Fee Related JP2720152B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62045198A JP2720152B2 (en) 1987-03-02 1987-03-02 Particle handling device

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