JP2740508B2 - Biogas production equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for biologically treating substances and substrates by the action of microbial colonies. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing biogas by bacterial fermentation of organic matter under improved conditions. The present invention is described below in this field, but the invention is not limited thereto. [Prior art and its problems] It would be advantageous to be able to process substances subjected to continuous reactions in anaerobic fermentation in the same reaction vessel, since labor, energy and maintenance R & D expenses and investment amounts can be clearly reduced. It is. However, it is relatively easy to process liquid raw materials by a continuous method, but in the case of solids or pastes, it is much more difficult to process it by a continuous method. The continuous method is advantageous during the development stage, but the target substance at the start of decomposition of a complex methanation process by bacterial digestion,
In this heterogeneous medium, the decomposition is necessary because the methanation process has already proceeded and the substance to be treated at the end of the decomposition must be kept adjacent to the same conditions in a single reaction vessel. The average conditions (temperature, composition, evolved gas, recycle rate, pH, etc.) of the treated materials with different degrees of decomposition are characteristic of each major biochemical reaction that occurs during the entire digestion process. It is known that there are drawbacks that do not always correspond to conditions. In fact, it is known that the biochemical process, defined as the methanation process of organic matter, results from a large number of complex biochemical reactions in a community of different microbial species. In general, the following four consecutive decomposition reactions (major biochemical reactions) are recognized: Hydrolysis: Biopolymers (saccharides, proteins, lipids) that constitute organic matter are solubilized by microorganisms into metabolizable substances Step; Acid-producing step: Intermediate metabolites from the preceding step are enriched on the one hand by volatile acids and other components of more than one carbon atom by acid-forming bacteria, on the other hand by acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen Metabolism into a complex mixture; Acetogenesis: A step in which the organic acid (fatty acid) and other components consisting of two or more carbon atoms are converted into carbon dioxide, hydrogen and acetic acid by the action of a new group of bacteria. The acid production and aceto production stages are sometimes grouped into one group; the methane production stage: under the action of the last group of microorganisms,
The final stage in which acetate is converted to biogas and carbon dioxide is reduced by hydrogen. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, combining the technical and investment savings of the continuous process, the operating parameters of the process are always adapted to the process corresponding to the particular key biochemical reaction during the continuous process stage, and It is a first object of the present invention to provide an apparatus in which each particular primary biochemical reaction is performed under compatible conditions. It is a second object of the present invention to provide an apparatus which is adaptable and versatile to cope with quantitative and qualitative changes in the substance to be treated after the apparatus is designed and newly installed. A third object of the present invention is to provide a methanation apparatus with improved safety and efficiency by using local adjustment means to correct the deviation from the planned reaction progress in a limited area. To be. To achieve this object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a anaerobic fermentation process, comprising the steps of: anaerobic fermentation of a solid or pasty organic substance under the action of a colony of microorganisms that cause anaerobic fermentation; A plurality of continuous main biochemical reaction zones between the main body and a main outlet for discharging the product digest at the other end of the reaction vessel as an effluent, in particular for producing biogas. In the apparatus, the plan view is an arc shape in which a plan view forms a part of a circle, and has a constant cross-sectional area which is smaller than the processing volume of the object to be processed, which is elongated, has no partition walls, and has at least one length of the reaction vessel. A non-linear flow path having a concave curved wall over one end of the reaction vessel; a main introduction conduit for the organic substance to be treated at one end of the reaction vessel; and a product digestion product flowing to the other end of the reaction vessel. Discharged as A sealed-type reaction vessel with a main discharge conduit, and dividing the sealed reaction vessel into a main biochemical reaction zone without a separation wall in each main biochemical reaction zone; A means for partitioning a gas space extending above each of the main biochemical reaction zones; and a reaction condition of a main biochemical reaction in each of the main biochemical reaction zones located at the center of the arc away from the arc of the reaction vessel. A central unit for monitoring and optimizing, wherein the means for defining each of the main biochemical reaction zones is a reaction vessel from the reaction vessel spaced along the circumference of the arc of the reaction vessel to the central unit. A conduit defining the end of each biochemical reaction zone that supplies the material flowing therethrough; and a center located immediately downstream of the conduit defining the end of each of the main biochemical reaction zones with respect to the flow of the material. Flow through the reactor from the device to the reactor And a conduit defining a starting point of each biochemical reaction zone for introducing a substance to be treated, while means for defining a gas space extending above each main biochemical reaction zone are provided in the reaction vessel. Consists of vertical walls that are located in the gas space just upstream of each conduit that introduces the material from the central unit into the reaction vessel and are partially immersed in the workpiece, the gas phase of the reaction vessel A conduit for supplying from the gas phase of the biochemical reaction zone to the central unit, and introducing gas from the gas phase of each of the main biochemical reaction zones from the central unit into the flowing workpiece in the same main biochemical reaction zone. And a conduit for treating a solid or pasty organic substance. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, so that the present invention can be easily understood. As shown in the figure, the reaction vessel is constituted by a V-shaped groove 1 whose cross section expands upward. That is, the groove 1 has two side walls 2, 2 inclined from the opposed upper edges 3, 3 'toward the bottom 4 of the groove.
2 'is provided. The reaction vessel has a curved profile and preferably forms a circular channel forming an arc which forms part of a circle 5 which is interrupted by an area 6 so that the center 7 of the circle can be accessed from the outside. ing. On the side wall, a concrete wall 8 is the upper edge of the groove 3, 3 '
And extend to shoulders 10 and 10 'extending horizontally,
The roof member is supported by 10 '. The roof is composed of a plurality of self-supporting roof members 15, 15 'made of reinforced resin, the dimensions of which are such that they can follow the curvature of the groove in plan view. Upper pipes 24, 24 'are installed radially from the central device 23. These upper pipes collect the generated gas, concentrate it, pressurize it, and then pressurize the lower pipes 22, 22' from the central device 23.
To the reaction vessel via. The reaction vessel can be shaped, for example, into a 1/4 or 1/2 circle. In this case, if the reaction vessel is expanded by adding a further 1/4 circular body to the reaction vessel, the capacity can be increased while maintaining the whole integrity and homogeneity. The lower pipes 22, 22 '(FIG. 2) are extended to a re-injection pipe or nozzle 23' (FIG. 1) immersed in the reaction vessel to re-inject the gas under pressure to the viscous workpiece. The lower pipes 22, 22 'are alternately arranged in the reaction vessel radially from the central device so that the viscous body can form a vortex. FIG. 5a shows a circulating flow path for a solid or paste-like material to be processed. FIG. 5b shows the circulation path of the gas phase. In FIG. 5a, the reaction vessel 30 is a reaction vessel arranged at intervals along the circumference of the reaction vessel arc by its concave surface 31.
The pipes 33, 35, and 37 supply the unprocessed substances from 30 to the central device 32 and define the end points of the respective main biochemical reaction stages, and the flow of the processed substances in the conduits that define the end points of these main biochemical reactions. And conduits 34, 36, 38 which define the starting point of each major biochemical reaction which introduces an object to be treated from the central device 32 into the reaction vessel 30 with respect to As described above, these conduits serve as a means for taking out and re-introducing / recycling an object to be processed while moving in the reaction vessel 30. The reaction vessel is a single vessel in which the material to be treated supplied from the conduit 39 is continuously sent to the outlet 40, and the product to be treated, that is, the digest, returns to the central region 32 via the outlet 40. In this embodiment, as indicated by reference numeral 41 in FIG.
A plurality of vertical walls (isolation walls) are provided at the top of the reaction vessel. These vertical walls 41 define four zones for receiving the gaseous atmosphere at the top of the reaction vessel, each of which defines a corresponding four gas phase zones of the four reaction zones in which each major biochemical reaction takes place. It is provided in the upper part of the reaction vessel so as to be divided, and is located just upstream of the conduits 34, 36, and 38 for introducing the object to be moved and circulated from the central device 32 to the reaction vessel 30. The three equally-spaced vertical walls 41 thus correspond to the areas 42,4
3,44 and 45 are formed. If necessary, the vertical wall 41 can be easily moved along the reaction vessel circle in response to the subsequent evolution of the feed to allocate a larger processing volume to a particular primary biochemical reaction zone. The central region 32 comprises a number of the device operating means. That is, the central region is provided with a device for sorting, storing and mixing the workpieces flowing into the central region 32 from the upstream reservoir 46 via the conduit 47, in particular. The central region 32 is also provided with a circulating device such as a pump, for example, to surely move the pasted workpiece, as described later. The central region 32 is also provided with a heating device for raising the temperature of an object to be introduced or recycled into the reaction vessel to an appropriate temperature as required in each main biochemical reaction occurrence area. In this way, the inflowing material sent to the central region 32 via the conduit or belt 47 is sized appropriately and mixed with the liquid discharged from the product digest to the central region 32 via the conduit 40. Then, the paste-like material to be processed is circulated rheologically. The digest is physically separated from the liquid in the central region 32, and the separated solid phase of the digest is discharged towards the outlet zone 48, while the recovered liquid is mainly separated with a part of the solid phase forming the yeast. It is introduced into the reaction vessel from the inlet conduit 39. The conditions of the device are such that in section 42 (but this is one of the main biochemical reaction areas of the reaction vessel) without interfering with other main biochemical reactions occurring in subsequent zones 43,44,45. These are conditions that can provide local reaction conditions that promote the progress of the hydrolysis reaction, which is the first major biochemical reaction. Due to the use of elongated channels with small cross-sections and the fact that the material to be processed is paste-like, it is suitable for each of the main biochemical reactions without interrupting the main biochemical reactions in adjacent areas Different local conditions can be obtained in the corresponding main biochemical reaction zone. The methanation process is carried out, for example, by an aerobic stage in the reaction zone 42 by ejecting also fresh gas, i.e. oxygen or air, from the storage tank 50 via ejection conduits or conduits 51, 52 covering the lower wall of the reaction vessel. You can start. The workpiece flowing into the reaction vessel from the conduit 39 is gradually extruded downstream as fresh workpiece is sequentially introduced from the main inlet of the reaction vessel, and the main biochemical in the biochemical reaction zone Bacterial colonies specifically corresponding to the reaction (hydrolysis reaction) develop and proliferate in the biochemical reaction zone. According to the apparatus of the present invention, a part of the processed material after the hydrolysis reaction step is taken out to the central device 32 via the conduit 33 and recycled to the main introduction conduit 39 via the central region 32, and this recycled material is recycled. The treated material is mixed with the new treated material to provide yeast to the new treated material and to inoculate bacterial colonies that exactly correspond to the specific reaction (hydrolysis reaction) in the area 42. A plurality of probes, generally indicated by reference numerals 60, 61, 62 and 63, are provided in the central region 32 to adjust the state or condition of the workpiece flowing into the central region. These probes are connected to a monitoring device 68 that centralizes information by circuits 64, 65, 66, and 67, so that various main parameters (reaction condition values) can be performed to perform continuous major biochemical reactions. The reaction in the zone can proceed. With these probes, all temperature measurements along the reaction channel, as well as measurements of the viscosity and acidity of the medium, the pH of the paste medium, and the composition of the gas extracted from the gas atmosphere within each major biochemical reaction zone And gas return conduits 71, 72, 73, 7
The flow velocity values of these gases measured at position 4 (FIG. 5b) are obtained. Therefore, it is possible to instantly know the completeness of the reaction of the processed material that has reached the end of each main biochemical reaction zone by the central region, and the progress of the reaction of the processed material moving and flowing through each main biochemical reaction zone. Thus, the dominant reaction conditions within each reaction zone can be varied to moderate or optimize the reaction within each reaction zone. To this end, the reaction zone 42 is described in terms of the recirculation speed of the object to be treated from the supply conduit 33 from the reaction vessel to the central unit, the appropriate heating temperature of the recycle at the time of temperature, or the heat provided in the reaction vessel. Various parameters can be used, such as adjusting the heating by an exchanger (omitted for simplicity of the figure). It is also possible to influence the process by changing the composition and flow rate of the gas re-emitted into the relevant reaction zone by means of the gas circulation circuit as shown in FIG. 5b and thus by the lower conduits 51, 52. . The movement of the object to be processed is continued regularly, and is not hindered by obstacles in the solid phase or the paste phase (but only the gas phase is separated by the vertical wall 41). Thus, the hydrolyzate flows into the reaction zone 43 where the monitored parameters (temperature, pH, viscosity, etc.) are set so that optimal conditions can be set for the growth of a particular microbial population (flora) for the acid generation reaction. ). As mentioned earlier, the hydrolysis zone 42 leads to the next reaction zone.
The to-be-processed material (decomposed product) flowing into the reactor 43 is a part of the to-be-processed material recycled from the to-be-processed supply pipe 35 from the reaction vessel to the central unit. The target material received through the reaction zone 43 and processed in the reaction zone 43 is a yeast group specific to the reaction in the reaction zone and the microorganisms corresponding to the reaction in the reaction zone from the start edge of the reaction zone. Will receive a specific yeast. The material leaving the acid generating reaction zone 43 enters the aceto generating reaction zone 44, which is fed via an inlet conduit 36 (starting point of the reaction zone 44) for introducing the material into the reaction vessel from the central unit. A portion of the material leaving the acetogenerating reaction zone is cycled. In this way, the introduction of the yeast necessary for the acetogenesis reaction and the inoculation of specific microorganisms into this reaction are performed in the reaction zone 44.
It is performed at the starting point of. Finally, a similar phenomenon occurs when the acetate-rich material exiting the acetogenesis reaction zone 44 enters the methanation reaction zone 45. That is, the methanation reaction zone 45 receives the object to be recycled from the main discharge conduit 40 through the central unit via the treatment object introduction conduit 38, thereby starting this reaction (methane generation reaction) from the beginning of the methane generation reaction. The reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, etc., are adjusted and monitored to achieve the desired reaction conditions, as described above, allowing the introduction of specific bacteria to the progress of the reaction. Not only can yeast be introduced at the beginning of each major biochemical reaction zone, but also each major rate, regardless of the rate of recycle of the material, which defines the residence time of the material and adapts to the growth of bacterial colonies. The components involved in biochemical reactions are also the starting point of each major biochemical reaction zone (conduits 34, 36, 38)
Can be introduced as a metabolite. Accordingly, certain substance-rich factors that are consumed and digested in a given reaction zone are selected and provided to enhance the production of the desired reaction and product in that reaction zone. By way of example, glucose-rich material is introduced from the hydrolysis reaction zone, and acetate-rich material is introduced at the beginning of the methanation reaction zone (conduit 38). The same is true for gas flows. That is, to initiate a reaction in the aerobic phase, the reaction zone 42 is advantageously first supplied with oxygen. It is advantageous to recover the specific evolved biogas in each major biochemical reaction zone, the gas composition of which is analyzed in a central device and then transferred to another reaction zone either downstream or upstream of the reaction zone. It can also be respouted through a conduit to infiltrate the pasty material and create suitable chemical or biochemical conditions for the main biochemical reaction in the reaction zone. Thus, methane gas, for example in the form of pure methane or biogas produced at the reaction site, can be blown into the reaction zone or the two reaction zones to adjust and correct the pH. Further, if hydrogen is injected from a fresh gas source 50 to the treatment object moving through the methanation reaction zone 45 via the lower conduits 75 and 76, the hydrogen ejected under pressure is particularly dissolved CO ₂ Can be reduced to produce methane. In FIG. 5b, details such as gates, valves, compressors, etc. are not shown in the central area (central device: reaction condition adjusting and work piece processing area) 32 'intended to regulate gas circulation. The gas produced in the pipeline
Sent to the purification stage (purification zone) 78 via 77
It can be seen that it can be stored in 79. The arrangement state (circuit) of the conduit for re-injecting gas at the bottom of the reaction vessel into the object being moved and circulated is divided into four sections for clarity of the drawing. The conduits may be connected directly to the central area (central device) 32 ', and it is sufficient for the monitoring device to connect these gas-dispensing conduits with a predetermined suitable gas being injected into a predetermined reaction zone. The position of these conduits is not fixed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a reaction vessel according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a processing apparatus provided with the reaction vessel of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an integral roof member, Figs. 5a and 5b are plan views of a methanation reaction vessel defining a main biochemical reaction zone, and Fig. 5a is a moving flow passage of a paste-like workpiece. FIG. 5b is a view showing a gas flow path. In the figure: 1 ... groove, 2,2 '... inclined side wall, 4 ... (bottom of groove), 23,32,32' ... center device, 30 ... reaction vessel, 31 ...
… Concave surface, 41 …… (for gas phase separation) Vertical wall, 42, 43, 44,
45 …… Main biochemical reaction zone

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Jean Cloppampour               France, 38000 Grenoble, Li               Beau Brosserie 6                (56) References JP-A-60-132698 (JP, A)                 JP-A-60-202798 (JP, A)                 JP-A-56-108593 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Anaerobic fermentation of a solid or pasty organic substance under the action of a colony of microorganisms causing anaerobic fermentation at the main inlet of the organic substance at one end of the reaction vessel and at the other end of the reaction vessel An apparatus for treating organic matter, particularly for producing biogas, in a plurality of successive main biochemical reaction zones between a main outlet for discharging product digests as an effluent, wherein the apparatus has a circular plan view. And has a constant cross-sectional area that is small compared to the processing volume of the object to be processed, is elongated, has no partition walls, and has a concave curved wall over at least a part of the length of the reaction vessel. A main flow conduit having a straight flow path and having at one end of the reaction vessel an organic substance to be treated and a main discharge conduit having the other end of the reaction vessel discharging the digested product as an outflow. One A sealed reaction vessel of the type described above, wherein the sealed reaction vessel is divided into respective main biochemical reaction zones without separating walls, and A means for defining a gas space that extends into the reactor, and preparing and conducting the main biochemical reactions in each of the main biochemical reaction zones located at the center of the arc away from the arc of the reaction vessel, and monitoring and adjusting the reaction conditions. A central device for optimizing the main biochemical reaction zone, wherein the means for defining each of the main biochemical reaction zones is arranged in a central device from a reaction container spaced apart along the circumference of the arc of the reaction container. A conduit defining an end of each biochemical reaction zone for supplying an object flowing therethrough; and a central device located immediately downstream of the conduit defining an end of each of the main biochemical reaction zones with respect to the flow of the object. From the reactor to the reactor A conduit defining the starting point of each biochemical reaction zone into which the processed material is introduced, and a means for defining a gas space extending above each main biochemical reaction zone, wherein the object to be processed flowing through the reaction vessel is defined. It consists of a vertical wall located in the gas space immediately upstream of each conduit leading from the central unit to the reaction vessel and partially immersed in the object to be treated, the gas phase of the reaction vessel being able to transfer gas to each major biochemical A conduit for supplying gas from the gas phase of the reaction zone to the central unit and a conduit for introducing gas from the gas phase of each of the main biochemical reaction zones from the central unit into the flowing workpiece in the same main biochemical reaction zone; An apparatus for treating a solid or pasty organic substance, comprising: 2. At least two reaction vessels joined at the bottom of the reaction vessel
The upper ends of the two side walls extend substantially parallel, and the upper ends of the side walls comprise a plurality forming a roof. The upper member is joined, and both ends of the at least two side walls and both ends of the roof member are sealed together by vertical walls, respectively, and one of these end sealing vertical walls is connected to one end sealing vertical wall. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein a main inlet conduit for introducing organic substances is provided, and the other end sealing vertical wall is provided with a discharge conduit for digestion products. 3. The reaction vessel is formed by a groove having an inclined side wall which is excavated in the ground and is opened upward in a V-shape, and the inclined side wall of the groove is provided with a surface finishing member for ensuring the tightness of the volume in the groove. The reactor further comprises a roof comprising a plurality of roof members on the groove, the roofs being sealed with a sealing material between adjacent roof members to make the entire roof airtight, and facing each roof member. The combined lower end extends from the upper end of the sidewall of the groove to a shoulder extending horizontally and is mounted and joined on the upper end of the facing member joined to the shoulder, the shoulder of the sidewall of the groove itself also being surfaced. The roof member connected to both ends of the finishing member and located at both ends of the roof is formed so as to be connected to the vertical walls at both ends of the groove to seal the vertical walls at both ends of the groove. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 4. The central unit stores, prepares, introduces and recycles organic substances or biogas to be treated, sorts, stores, mixes, heats, digests and separates liquids to be processed and circulates. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising means for measuring pH, temperature, viscosity, composition and flow rate, means for measuring at least the composition and flow rate of the bigas, means for storing digested matter and means for introducing digested matter. . 5. Bacterial colonies, especially for biogas production, equipped with a reactor of the type consisting of a sealed enclosure with a main inlet for the organic material to be treated and a main outlet for the product digest as effluent An apparatus for treating a solid or paste-like organic substance under the action of such microorganisms, which has a constant cross-sectional area that is small compared to its volume and is part of a circle in plan view along the movement flow path of the object to be treated The enclosure, which is formed in the shape of an arc that forms a technical zone with means for performing processing of the object to be processed in various places of the enclosure and having means for adjusting the processing, is formed from the arc at the center of the arc of the reaction vessel. A central processing unit (23, 32, 32 '), which is located at a distance,
9), a product digestion discharge conduit (40), a conduit for removing the substance to be treated from the reaction vessel to the central unit (33, 35, 37), and a conduit for introducing the substance to be treated from the central unit to the reaction vessel (34, 36) , 38), or by a conduit for extracting biogas from the reaction vessel to the central unit (71, 72, 73, 74) and a conduit for introducing biogas from the central unit to the reactor (70, 75, 76, 77) Comprising a separation means, such as a substantially vertical partition (41), which is coupled and whose enclosure extends from a roof-forming wall member at the top thereof and is immersed in the workpiece to be reacted. Partition (41) divides a free space on the paste-like workpiece flowing and moving in the reaction vessel to divide each space volume into a space volume independent of other space volumes, and each space volume is defined by the above-mentioned conduit. Gas collected in each gas phase having a specific composition and corresponding to each one of the gas phase volumes A solid or paste-like organic substance treating device, which is combined with a central device (32) for separately collecting waste gas.