JP2742252B2 - Long-term preservation of bees - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a bee bee Osmia.
The present invention relates to a long-term preservation method for cornifrons, in which pre-pupae or adults are stored at low temperatures for long periods of time, or both pre-pupae and adults are stored at low temperatures, thereby significantly delaying the emergence period (and the nesting period).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Currently, bee honeybees are apples grown outdoors.
It is used mainly in central and northern Japan as pollination insects such as sweet cherry. The timing of release depends on the flowering time of these fruit trees. For example, in the case of a fruit tree (cherry) whose flowering date almost coincides with the nesting start date of bee bees, a method of managing the nest in a natural state until the time of use (natural leaving method) can be used. The flowering date is 7-10 from the nesting start date
In the case of fruit trees (apples) that are delayed in the day, the wintering nest is temporarily moved to a refrigerator (0 to 5 ° C) for about three weeks in early spring (early April in Aomori Prefecture), so that the flowering date and the nesting start date are matched. The method (slow release method) is generally used.

[0003] The ecology of bees is summarized as follows. In its natural state, it is a spring-active monomorphic bee that nests for about one month from April to May. The eggs laid between April and May pass through the egg stage-larva stage-pre-pupa stage-pupa stage and evolve in the cocoon from early August to early October to become adults.

[0004] Adults after eclosion are dormant, do not escape from the cocoon even if they are heated, and do not activate even if they are forcibly removed from the cocoon. The awakening of adult dormancy in the natural state occurs in early March in Morioka City, northern Japan, where the population is abundant, and in early February in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture, southwestern Japan, which is near the southern limit. Dormant awake adults remain in the cocoons, escape from the cocoons as the spring temperature rises, and begin nesting activity about 10 days later.

A method for artificially awakening adult dormancy of the bee wasp has already been studied, and a low-temperature treatment at 5 ° C. for 90 days is required for the most efficient awakening (Yasuo Maeda, Tohoku Agriculture) Test Site Research Report No. 57 1-22
1 (1978)). The conventional method of releasing bees in apple orchards does not use artificial dormancy awakening, but rather a technique for temporarily refrigerated adult adults that have already awakened in their natural state. Absent. Even with this technology, the emergence period can only be delayed to at most June.

[0006]

The target crops for the use of bees so far have been exclusively limited to open-field cultivated fruit trees in the spring (April to May). However, the potential use of bees on various crops that require pollination has been studied, and good test results have been obtained on pears, blueberries, kiwifruits, and house-grown strawberries (Yasuo Maeda, title " Pollination of apples using bees ", Literature title" Series 4 Symbiosis of animals attracting flowers: Co-evolution of flowers and pollinators "(edited by Hiroya Kawanabe, Tamiji Inoue and Makoto Kato, edited by Heibonsha) 195-232 (1993)). Bean bees are expected to be widely used as pollinating insects not only on open-field crops but also on various in-house crops. For this purpose, a technique for adjusting the nesting period of this species to the flowering period of the target crop is required. However, little research has been done to extend the nesting season to seasons other than spring.

[0007] The method of utilizing bees over the anniversary (all seasons) can be roughly divided into the following two methods. One is a method in which the next generation appears early (binarization), and the nesting activity period is used earlier. The other is a method of significantly delaying the emergence period (two years and one-year change) and using the delayed nesting activity period. The former can be realized by artificially promoting the growth of the young and the early awakening of adult dormancy, and the basic technology has already been developed (Yasuo Maeda, Research Report of Tohoku Agricultural Experiment Station No. 571-1) ~ 221 pages (1
978)). On the other hand, the technology for significantly delaying the nesting period has not been elucidated so far. To make this possible, it is necessary to clarify in what stage of development (stage), when and what kind of processing is to be performed, and how much the delay effect can be obtained.

[0008] With the conventional technology, the nesting activity can be delayed only until June. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems
It is to delay the nesting activity of bees until July.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor reported that Maeda reported (Tohoku Agricultural Experimental Station Research Report No. 57, pp. 1-221 (1978)) Focusing on the growth rate of the young and the growth zero point (growth limit temperature), we first consider that it may be possible to preserve for a long period of time by stopping or delaying the growth in the prepupal state, which has a nascent growth retardation property. As a result of repeated research,
Completed the invention.

Next, the present inventor focused on the possibility of preservation for a long period of time even in the adult state, and tried to extend the wintering period by performing a low-temperature treatment after or before the onset of dormancy. The second and third inventions have been completed. In other words, the first invention of the present application relates to
Storing at a temperature of ~ 18 ° C., a long-term preservation method of the bee characterized by stagnant or delayed growth, the second invention of the present application, after the dormancy awake treatment of adult bee,
A long-term preservation method for bees, which is stored at a temperature of not less than -5 ° C and not more than 8 ° C.
A long-term preservation method for bees, which is stored at a temperature exceeding 2 ° C. and less than 2 ° C.

In the present invention, the term "pre-pupa" refers to a state in which the cocoon is being fed and reaches the next developmental stage, the pupa. The term "adult" refers to a state in which the pupa has emerged from the pupa. There are two types: a dormant state that does not activate, and a state after awakening of dormancy that activates by decocooning. In the first invention of the present application, it is necessary to store the bee prepupae at a temperature of 8 to 18 ° C. If the temperature exceeds 18 ° C., a sufficient extension of the storage period cannot be obtained, and if it is less than 8 ° C., there is a high possibility of death with the growth stopped. The temperature is more preferably 8 to 12 ° C from the viewpoint of the effect of extending the storage period. For example, at 14 ° C. for 120 days and at 16 ° C. for 100 days
If the day is the storage limit and you continue to store for longer,
They tend to pupate as they are and the mortality tends to increase. The optimal humidity is between 50 and 70%. The prepupae stored in accordance with the first invention of the present application can complete normal development thereafter, preferably by heating at a temperature not exceeding 26 ° C.

In the second invention of the present application, it is necessary that the adult bee bees are stored at a temperature exceeding −5 ° C. and not more than 8 ° C. after the pre-diapause awakening treatment and further after the dormancy awakening treatment. If the temperature is outside the above range, it will be difficult to store for a long period of time while maintaining a high survival rate. In the second invention of the present application, the dormancy awakening process is performed by a common method (Yasuo Maeda, titled "Pollination of apples using bee bees"), and the document titled "Series 4 Earth-symbiotic animals that can attract flowers. Evolution ”(supervised by Hiroya Kawanabe, Tamiji Inoue
Makoto Kato, published by Heibonsha) 195-232 (199
3)), but treatment at 5 ° C. is 90
This is preferable because it can be performed in the shortest period of days and the number of days of decocooning of the adult when heated after treatment is reduced. Processing temperature is 5
The processing period becomes longer as the temperature becomes lower than 0 ° C, and at 2 ° C, the processing period becomes about 120 days. Further, when the processing temperature is lower than 2 ° C., the sleep-wake does not occur. In addition, as the treatment temperature becomes higher than 5 ° C., the number of days of decocooning of the adult when heated after the treatment becomes longer, and as the treatment temperature becomes higher than 8 ° C., the dormancy awakening rate becomes lower and the individual dies as it is. Increase. The storage temperature is most preferably 0 ° C. Also,
In the second invention of the present application, the pre-dormant awakening process is performed in the range of 18 to 2
The treatment is preferably carried out at 6 ° C. for 20 to 30 days, most preferably at room temperature for 20 days. The optimal humidity is between 50 and 70%.

In the third aspect of the present invention, it is necessary to store the adult bee bees at a temperature of more than −5 ° C. and less than 2 ° C. without performing the dormancy awakening process after the pretreatment of dormancy awakening. If the temperature is outside the above range, it will be difficult to store for a long period of time while maintaining a high survival rate.
In the third invention of the present application, the pre-diapause awakening treatment is preferably performed by treating an adult bee bee at 18 to 26 ° C. for 20 to 30 days, and leaving it at room temperature for 20 days or heating at 26 ° C. for 20 days. It is most preferable to perform the above. The storage temperature is most preferably 0 ° C. The optimal humidity is between 50 and 70%. After storing according to the third invention of the present application, a dormancy awakening process is performed. In this case, the dormancy awakening process is performed by a common method (Yasuo Maeda, titled "Apple Pollination Using Bean Bee") 4. Co-evolution of Flowers and Pollinators, Animals That Attract Flowers, (edited by Hiroya Kawanabe, Tamiji Inoue and Makoto Kato, published by Heibonsha) 195-23
2 (1993)), but it is preferable because the treatment at 5 ° C. can be performed in the shortest period of 90 days, and the number of days of decocooning of an adult when heated after treatment is reduced.
The processing period becomes longer as the processing temperature becomes lower than 5 ° C., and at 2 ° C., the processing period becomes about 120 days. Further, when the processing temperature is lower than 2 ° C., the sleep-wake does not occur. In addition, as the treatment temperature becomes higher than 5 ° C., the number of days of decocooning of the adult when heated after the treatment becomes longer, and as the treatment temperature becomes higher than 8 ° C., the dormancy awakening rate decreases and the individual dies as it is. Increase.

The first invention of the present application and the second or third application of the present application
By combining with the invention of the above, the storage period can be further extended significantly. In addition, by manipulating the period during the long-term preservation process, the appearance period (and the nesting period)
Can be made arbitrary.

[0015]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Pre-pupa of bee bee at 12 ℃ (humidity 50 ~
(70%) to perform a long-term preservation treatment in the prepupal state. Then, it is heated to develop from the prepupae to the adult state. Thereafter, the adult bee bees treated before dormancy awakening were treated at 5 ° C. for 90 days for dormancy awakening, and then stored at 0 ° C., or the adult bee adults were left at room temperature for 20 days or at 26 ° C. After pretreatment for awakening of dormancy by heating at 20 ° C. for 20 days, stored at 0 ° C. for long-term preservation in the adult state.

[0016]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

(Example 1) Pre-pupae of bee wasp was placed at 12 ° C.
Long-term storage at three temperatures of 14 ℃, 16 ℃, then 18 ~
It was investigated whether normal development could be completed by heating at 26 ° C. At this time, the optimum humidity during storage was also investigated. The results are summarized below. Prepupae could be stored (long-term storage) with a high survival rate (70% or more) for 270 days at 12 ° C (optimal humidity 50-70%). In contrast, at 14 ° C for 120 days,
Although storage was possible at 16 ° C. for 100 days (long-term storage), if storage was continued for a longer period of time, pupation and mortality increased as they were. In the natural state (22 to 32 ° C), the prepupa stage of individual bee bees is 50 to 70 days, so that it can be stored at any of the above temperatures for a long period of time.
Was particularly suitable.

(Example 2) When beetle prepupae were stored at 12 ° C for 270 days, in order to know whether the low-temperature treatment did not adversely affect the subsequent development of the larvae, the low-temperature treatment was carried out at 22 ° C. The mortality rate during each infancy until heating and emergence was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1. The number of days required for development during heating at 22 ° C. is also shown. In this table,
For reference, the number of days required for the development of the corresponding larva in the natural state in Morioka City is shown as an untreated area.

[0019]

[Table 1]

Table 1 shows the long-term preservation effect of pre-pupae at 12 ° C. for 270 days. That is, by using this method, the period until reaching the adult stage can be delayed by about 240 days (8 months) as compared with the case of the natural state. Since the eclosion period in the natural state is from August to early October, this method can greatly delay the eclosion period from the following April to early June. Immediately after the emergence, the adult is dormant, and after that, dormancy awakening treatment for at least 110 days by heating and low-temperature treatment is required. Therefore, dormant awake adults can be obtained from late July to late September,
Nesting activities can be performed after this time.

Further, when the pre-pupae are stored at a low temperature treatment of 12 ° C. for 90 days or more and their growth is stagnant or delayed, there is no difference between individuals in the pupation time and the emergence time caused by the subsequent heating.
It has been found that there is also an advantage that the eclosion can be performed in a concentrated manner. The concentration (how many individuals out of all individuals emerge during the 5 days at the peak of emergence) is shown in the case of the emergence period as an example. When prepupae are treated at 18 to 30 ° C for an arbitrary period While the concentration of emergence was 21-42%, it was 8 when stored at 12 ° C. for 90 days or more.
0% or more.

(Example 3) In order to confirm whether it is effective for long-term preservation of bees to perform low-temperature treatment after or before awakening of dormancy and to prolong the overwintering period,
The following two experiments were performed. (1) In order to treat dormant awakening of adults that have emerged in the cocoon,
The samples were kept at room temperature for a day (indispensable as a pre-diapause awakening process), and subsequently a dormancy awakening process was performed at 5 ° C. for 90 days. Subsequently, it was stored in three low-temperature sections of 5 ° C, 0 ° C, and -5 ° C. At this time, the optimum humidity was also investigated.

The results are summarized as follows.
The optimum humidity was 50-70%. Optimal storage temperature is 0 ° C
Under these temperatures, female adults could be preserved with a high survival rate (up to 70%) for up to 240 days, and for male adults up to 300 days. During these periods, the period required for awakening of dormancy (2
With the addition of (0 + 90 days), female and male adults can delay the nesting phase by 350 days and 410 days, respectively. Since the adult period in the cocoon in the natural state (the period from emergence in the cocoon to decocoon in the spring) is 180 to 240 days, it can be said that it can be stored at 0 ° C. for almost twice as long as the natural state.
On the other hand, in the case of 5 ° C. and −5 ° C., only about 290 days and 330 days for female and male, respectively, can be stored with a high survival rate. (2) The adult that emerged in the cocoon was kept at room temperature for 20 days (pre-diapause awakening process), and then 0
At -5 ° C and -5 ° C for a long time, then renewed at 5 ° C, 90
A sleep awakening process for a day was performed.

The results are summarized as follows.
The optimum humidity was 50-70% for all treatment temperatures. The optimal storage temperature is 0 ° C, under which female and male adults have a high survival rate (7
0%). If these periods are added to the pre-diapause awakening process (20 days) and the dormancy awakening process (90 days), female and male adults can delay the nesting activity by 350 days and 440 days, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to store the cocoon in the natural state for a period almost twice as long as the adult period (180 to 240 days). On the other hand, at -5 ° C,
More than half of females died in females, even after 30 days of storage. High mortality was also observed early in males. From this, it can be said that -5 ° C is not practical at all.

(Example 4) Long-term preservation method in the prepupal state (ie, Examples 1 and 2), and the second invention of the present application (ie,
Embodiment 3 (1)) and the third invention of the present application (that is, Embodiment 3)
Of the three methods (2)), the latter two methods (two types of low-temperature treatment (preserved at 0 ° C.) before or after adult dormancy awakening) have almost the same period of time. Can be stored. Also, any one of these,
By combining this with the long-term preservation method in the pre-pupa state, the preservation period can be further extended significantly.

Table 2 briefly shows the long-term storage effect of the bee female of the present invention in females. The reason for omitting the males from Table 2 is that most of the effects of utilization as pollinating insects are obtained by females, and that the processing effects of males are similar to those of females. The effect of treatment was measured in a natural state (Morioka City: Yasuo Maeda, Tohoku Agricultural Exp. Stn.
978)) in comparison with the length of each state (stage). In addition, the adult period in the natural state is one year in which the pre-nesting period (the number of days from decocooning to nesting) is 20 days, and the egg / larva stage, prepupal stage, and pupal stage are added to this period. Which is 36
Subtracted from 5 days [365- (20 + 34 + 57 + 25) = 229]. In addition, the number of days required for development of a growth state that has not been preserved is
It was substituted for it in its natural state.

[0027]

[Table 2]

In any of the methods of the present invention, a high survival rate (70% or more) can be stored for a significantly longer period than the adult adult period in the natural state. The method that can be stored for a long period of time is a combination of prepupal treatment and adult treatment (either after diapause or before diapause), which extends the period from egg to emergence to 700 days. it can. This is an epoch-making method that can be said to be exactly two years and one-year.
In addition, the low temperature treatment in the prepupal state resulted in the concentration of the subsequent emergence period. By utilizing this, the subsequent adult treatment can be started almost simultaneously. Further, various subsequent processes can be performed uniformly. Application No. 1
By utilizing the third invention, it is possible to use bees that originally appear only in the spring as pollinating insects over the year.

[0029]

According to the present invention, bees can be stored at a high survival rate for a period significantly longer than the adult period in the natural state, and as a result, the nesting activity of bees can be delayed until July. become.

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A long-term preservation method for bee honeybees, comprising storing bee prepupae at a temperature of 8 to 18 ° C. and stagnating or delaying growth. 2. The preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the adult bee bees are stored at a temperature higher than −5 ° C. and lower than or equal to 8 ° C. after a diapause treatment. 3. The preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the adult bee bee is stored at a temperature of more than −5 ° C. and less than 2 ° C. after pre-diapause treatment. 4. An adult bee was grown at 18-26 ° C. for 20 days.
The preservation method according to claim 3, wherein the pre-dormant awakening process is performed by performing the process for up to 30 days. 5. The preservation according to claim 3, wherein the adult bee bees are left at room temperature for 20 days or heated at 26 ° C. for 20 days before pre-diapause awakening, and then stored at 0 ° C. Law. 6. A long-term preservation method for bees, which comprises storing bees at a temperature higher than -5.degree. C. and lower than or equal to 8.degree. 7. A long-term preservation method for bee wasps, comprising pretreating adult bee bees after dormancy awakening and storing them at a temperature of more than −5 ° C. and less than 2 ° C. 8. An adult bee was grown at 18-26 ° C. for 20 days.
The preservation method according to claim 7, wherein the pre-dormant awakening process is performed by performing the process for up to 30 days. 9. The preservation according to claim 7, wherein the adult bee bees are left at room temperature for 20 days or warmed at 26 ° C. for 20 days, pretreated for dormancy awakening, and then stored at 0 ° C. Law.