JP2798255B2 - Ventilator - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a respiratory vibration generator in a respirator adapted to apply high-frequency respiratory vibration.

(Prior Art) In a respirator, the respiratory cycle is generally set to the same cycle as a healthy person, that is, about 15 to 20 times per minute.

On the other hand, recently, clinically, the respiratory cycle
Performing very quickly, such as 30 HZ, or about 10-30 times per second, has proven to be extremely effective for certain lung diseases.

In order to obtain such a rapid respiratory cycle, a respiratory vibration generator in a respirator has been developed and has already been put to practical use by the present applicant. In this apparatus, a piston is reciprocated by a motor, and the vibration of air generated by the reciprocation of the piston is applied to a respiratory system of a respirator.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, in the artificial respirator, the inside of the system communicating with the lungs of the patient is contaminated by bacteria and the like of the patient after one use. Therefore, this contaminated part is inexpensive, such as pipes, which is disposable for one-time use, and expensive equipment is used once after disinfection.

This patient contamination will also be effected on respiratory vibration generators that generate high frequency air vibrations, thus also requiring the respiratory vibration generator to be disinfected after each use. However, disinfecting the respiratory vibration generator requires considerable effort, and some measures are desired in this regard.

On the other hand, the air supplied to the patient's lungs is required to be humidified. Therefore, a situation in which the high-frequency vibration air generated by the respiratory vibration generator is supplied to the patient without being humidified must be naturally avoided. In this case, it is conceivable that the air from the respiratory vibration generator is also humidified, but in this case, the amount of air to be humidified is considerable, and some measures are desired in this regard.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a ventilator that prevents a respiratory vibration generator from being contaminated by bacteria or the like of a patient and that does not require humidification of high-frequency vibrated air from the respiratory vibration generator. The purpose is to provide.

(Means and Actions for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration. That is, a movable diaphragm is interposed between the respiratory path of the ventilator and the respiratory vibration generator that generates high-frequency air vibration, and at least the movable diaphragm and the respiratory vibration generator are detachably connected. There is such a configuration.

With such a configuration, the high-frequency air vibration generated by the respiratory vibration generator is transmitted to the respiratory tract of the respirator as it is by vibrating the movable diaphragm. Further, the movable diaphragm prevents direct contact of air between the respiratory system and the respiratory vibration generator, thereby preventing contamination of the respiratory vibration generator. Since the movable diaphragm is detachably connected to the respiratory vibration generator, the movable diaphragm can be replaced with a new one on the respiratory tract side from the movable diaphragm to prepare for the next use. it can. Of course, since the respiratory vibration generator and the respiratory system of the ventilator are blocked by the movable diaphragm, it is not necessary to humidify the air from the respiratory vibration generator.

Preferably, the respiratory vibration generator is constituted by a blower and a rotary switching valve. That is, by alternately connecting the movable diaphragm side to the discharge port and the suction port of the blower by the switching valve, the movable diaphragm and thus the respiratory respiratory tract is vibrated.
An advantage of using such a blower is that a sufficient capacity, that is, a work amount can be secured without being restricted by inertia due to reciprocation. This provides an advantage that a treatment using high-frequency breathing vibration can be performed on an adult patient having a large lung volume. Also, by making the switching valve a rotary type, the electromagnetic ON / OFF
As compared with the case where a valve is used, the durability can be sufficiently ensured. Of course, the blower can be used regardless of its type, such as a centrifugal type or an axial type.

When configuring the breathing vibration generator using the blower described above, in consideration of safety, a volume regulating chamber having a predetermined volume is provided between the rotary switching valve and the respiratory system of the ventilator. It is good to configure. This prevents a situation in which, for example, when the switching valve fails, a large volume of air equal to or larger than the capacity of the volume control chamber is continuously supplied to the lungs of the patient without restriction. Further, it is preferable that the movable diaphragm is formed in a thin bag shape and is disposed in the volume control chamber. This restricts the movable diaphragm from expanding more than necessary. And, by connecting the case defining the volume control chamber detachably between the respiratory vibration generator and the respiratory system of the ventilator, the case together with the movable diaphragm is disposable after each use. And Especially,
By forming the case accommodating the movable diaphragm as one independent part, the present invention can be easily applied to an existing respirator of this type.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

In FIG. 1, the respiratory system A of the ventilator includes a common circuit 1, an inspiration circuit 2, and an expiration circuit 3. One end of the common circuit 1 is airtightly connected to the mouth of the patient, and the inspiration circuit 2 and the expiration circuit 3 are connected to the other end of the common circuit 1. The inhalation circuit 2 is connected to an air tank 4 storing clean air to be supplied to a patient, and a known air flow meter 5 and a humidifier 6 are connected in the middle thereof. The exhalation circuit 3 is open to the atmosphere, and the degree of release is adjusted by an electromagnetic opening adjustment valve 7.

A high-frequency respiratory vibration generator B is connected to the respiratory system A. The high-frequency breathing vibration generator B basically includes a blower 11 as a pressure source and a rotary switching valve 12. And the outlet of the blower 11
The positive pressure generated at 11a and the negative pressure generated at the suction port 11b are alternately applied to the vibration circuit 13 by the switching valve 12. The vibrating circuit 13 is connected to the respiratory system A in the vicinity of each connection between the circuits 1, 2, and 3 so that the respiratory system A, that is, the patient's lung H, Is forcibly breathed at a respiratory rate according to. In addition,
In FIG. 1, 14 is a motor for driving the blower 11, and 15 is a switching valve.
This is a 12-drive motor.

The switching valve 12 is configured, for example, as shown in FIGS. First, the case 21 of the switching valve 12 is provided with a main body case 21 having a cylindrical communication space X with both ends opened.
A, a pair of left and right flange case portions 21B and 21C for closing each end of the main body case portion 21A, and an upper case 21D located on the main body case portion 21A. Are integrated. In such a case 21, a positive pressure port P1, a negative pressure port P2, a pressurized port P3, and an atmosphere release port P4 are formed so as to open to the communication space X in the main body case portion 21A.
Positive pressure porter P1 is connected to discharge port 11a of blower 11, negative pressure port P2 is connected to suction port 11b of blower 11, and pressure port P3
Is connected to the vibration circuit 13.

The arrangement of each port is as follows: Positive pressure port P1 and Negative pressure port P2
Are located at axial ends of the switching valve 12 (rotating shaft 23 described later), and the pressurized port P3 and the atmosphere release port P4 are located between the ports P1 and P2. The positive pressure port P1, the negative pressure port P2, and the atmosphere release port P4 are respectively formed on the upper wall of the case 21, while only the pressurized port P3 is formed on the bottom wall of the case 21.

A rotating shaft 23 is rotatably supported by the pair of left and right flange case portions 21B and 21C, and a rotor 25 is fixed to the rotating shaft 23 by a pin 24 so as to rotate integrally therewith. This rotor 25 has positive pressure port P1 and negative pressure port
It has a partition wall 25a having a circular cross section so as to define P2. More specifically, the communication space X in the case 21 is divided into a first division space X1 on the left where the negative pressure port P2 always communicates, and a second division space X2 on the right where the positive pressure port P1 always communicates. Is done.

The rotor 25 also has a pair of left and right valve bodies 25b, 25c extending from the outer peripheral edge of the partition 25a and extending apart from each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 23. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pair of valve bodies are formed as arcs extending substantially 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 23, and the phase relationship between them is shifted by 180 degrees. ing. That is, the pair of valve bodies 25b and 25c are set to have a symmetrical shape about the center of the rotation shaft 23.

In the switching valve 12 configured as described above, the positive pressure port P1 is alternately communicated with the pressurized port P3 and the atmosphere release port P4 according to the rotation of the rotating shaft 23, that is, the rotor 25, Negative pressure port P2 is also pressurized port P3 and open air port P4
Are communicated alternately with. That is, positive pressure port P1
As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure port P is
When the valve 3 is closed, it is communicated with the atmosphere release port P4. On the contrary, when the atmosphere release port P4 is closed by the valve body 25c, it is communicated with the pressurized port P3. Similarly, negative pressure port P2
Is communicated with the atmosphere release port P4 when the pressurized port P3 is closed by the valve body 25b, and conversely when the pressurized port P4 is closed by the valve body 25b as shown in FIG. Communicated with pressure port P3. And both valve body part 25b
Of the pressurized port P
3 (air release port P4) is positive pressure port P1 and negative pressure port P
2 and will be communicated alternately. Therefore, the state of the pressure change occurring at the pressurized port P3 is a state in which a vibration is generated as shown in FIG.
The range is about -40 HZ, preferably 10-30 HZ.

An electromagnetic variable throttle 31 and a regulating means 32 are connected to the vibration circuit 13 in this order from the switching valve 12 side. As shown in FIG. 5, the regulating means 32 includes a volume regulating chamber C having a predetermined capacity.
And a movable diaphragm 34 disposed in the case 33 and having sufficient airtightness. The capacity of the case 33, that is, the capacity of the volume control chamber C is to prevent a positive pressure or a negative pressure of a predetermined volume or more from acting on the respiratory tract A and to prevent the movable diaphragm 34 from being unnecessarily expanded. It is. The movable diaphragm 34 is for preventing direct contact between the air in the respiratory system A and the air from the high-frequency vibration generator B. The movable diaphragm 34 is formed in the case 33 in a bag shape so as to be as thin (light) as possible. It is arranged to extend. More specifically, the case 33 is made up of the main body case 33A and the lid case 3
As a divided configuration with 3B, in a state where the opening edge of the movable diaphragm 34 is sandwiched between the two case parts 33A and 33B, the two 33A and 33B
And are fixed by screws 35. And such a regulating means 32 is detachable with respect to the vibration circuit 13 in order to be disposable for each patient, and therefore, at each end of the case 33, a detachable screw groove 33a is formed. ing.

Referring again to FIG. 1, U is a control unit configured using a microcomputer. The signals from the sensors 41, 42, 43 and the signals from the switches 44, 45, 46 are input to the control unit U. The sensor 41 is a flow sensor that is connected to the common circuit 1 and measures the actual respiratory volume of the patient. The sensors 42 and 43 are rotation sensors for detecting the rotation state of the motor 14 for driving the blower 11 or the motor 15 for driving the switching valve 12. The switch 44 sets the respiratory rate (10 to 30 Hz) to be given to the respiratory system A. The switch 45 is for setting the magnitude of the average pressure of the high-frequency vibration applied to the respiratory system A (set in a stepless manner in a range from atmospheric pressure to slightly higher than atmospheric pressure). Switch 46
Sets the respiratory capacity to the patient. Also, from the control unit U, (the drive circuit of the motors 14 and 15)
Is output to an alarm device 47 including the electromagnetic valve 7, the variable throttle 31, a lamp, a buzzer, and the like.

Next, the control contents of the control unit U will be described in the seventh.
This will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. In addition,
In the following description, S indicates a step.

First, the operation is started when a start switch (not shown) is turned on, and the entire system is initialized in S1. Then, in S2, the switching valve 12 (the motor for
15) is started, and subsequently, in S3, the blower 11 (the motor 14) is started. Thus, the switching valve 12
Is started before the blower 11 is started,
Only temporary positive or negative pressure is prevented from acting on the respiratory system A temporarily. Therefore, in order to more reliably prevent such a situation, a predetermined time (for example, 2
After the elapse of (second), the process of S3 may be started.

After S3, in S4, a signal from each sensor or switch is read. Thereafter, it is confirmed from the output states of the sensors 42 and 43 that the blower 11 and the switching valve 12 are definitely rotating (the determinations in S4 and S5 are both
YES), the respective controls in S7 to S9 are performed so that the values correspond to the set states of the switches 44 to 46. That is, S7
Speed control of the switching valve 12 at
Control of respiration rate) and control of valve 7 in S8 (switch 45)
And the control of the variable throttle 31 in S9 (control of the breathing capacity in response to the switch 46).

After S9, in S10, it is determined whether or not a stop switch (not shown) is turned on. If the determination is NO, the processes after S4 are repeated. If the determination in S10 is YES, the blower 11 is first stopped in S11, and then the switching valve 12 is stopped in S12.

If the determination in S5 or S6 is NO, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the alarm 47 is operated in S13, and then the processing in S11 and thereafter is performed.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the same components as those in the above-mentioned embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the duplicate description thereof will be omitted.

In the present embodiment, first, as the blower 11 ', the first blower
11-A and a second blower 11-B are used. The first blower 11-A is dedicated to positive pressure supply (the suction port 11b is always open to the atmosphere).
B is dedicated to negative pressure supply (the discharge port 11a is always open to the atmosphere).

Further, as the switching valve 12 ', the case 21' and the rotating shaft 23 'are common, but the rotor is the first rotor 25'.
-A and a second rotor 25-B having two rotors are used. The first rotor 25-A is dedicated to positive pressure supply control, and the second rotor 25-B is dedicated to negative pressure supply control. That is, the rotor 25-A (25
-B) has a cylindrical shape with a bottom, and its release port is always connected to the positive pressure port P1 (negative pressure port P2). A communication port 51-A (51-B) extending substantially 180 degrees in the circumferential direction is formed in a side wall of the rotor 25-A (25-B), and the rotor 25-A (25-B) is formed.
With the rotation of B), the communication port 51-A (51-B) is connected to the air release port P4-A (P4-B) and the pressurized port P3-A (P3-B) formed in the case 21 '. Are communicated alternately.

Of course, the two pressurized ports P3-A and P3-B are finally connected to the vibration circuit 13, and the two communication ports 51-A and 51-B are formed at 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 23 '. Have been.

The advantage of using two blowers as in this embodiment is that both the positive pressure and the negative pressure are sufficiently large at least immediately before the supply to the vibration circuit 13 is started. This leads to extremely rapid rise and fall of the respiratory oscillation.

Here, the rotation shaft 23 'of each of the rotors 25-A and 25-B is set.
May be provided separately and independently, and driven by different motors. However, the first and second rotors 25-A and 25-B have a common rotation shaft 23 ', and consequently a common drive motor (not shown in FIG. 7). It is possible to reliably prevent the phase shift between 25-A and 25-B. From a similar viewpoint, the first and second blowers 11-A and 11-B have a common drive shaft 52 and, consequently, a common drive motor 14, so that only positive pressure or only negative pressure is applied. Vibration circuit 13
Can be prevented reliably.

FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the average pressure (see FIG. 6) is adjusted by changing the degree of opening of the discharge port 11a and the suction port 11b of the blower 11 to the atmosphere.

First, in FIG.
Is provided. The regulating valve 71 includes a casing 72, and a first passage 53 and a second passage 54 formed in the casing 72.

The first passage 53 includes first to third three ports 53a, 5a.
3b and 53c, and the first port 53a is connected to the suction port 11b of the blower 11 via the communication path 61. The second port 53b is opened to the atmosphere, and its opening is adjusted by a valve body 55 described later. Furthermore, the third port 53c
Is open to the atmosphere via a diaphragm 56.

The second passage 54 includes first and second two ports 54.
a and 54b. The first port 54a is connected to the discharge port 11a of the blower 11 via the communication path 62. Further, the second port 54b is opened to the atmosphere, and its opening is adjusted by the valve body 55.

The valve body 55 has a disk shape, and a valve rod 55 a integrated with the valve body 55 is screwed to the casing 52. Thus, by manually operating and rotating the operating portion 55b formed on the valve rod 55a, the valve body 55 is displaced in the vertical direction in the figure. The second port 53b of the first passage 53 faces the upper surface of the valve body 55, and the second port 53b of the second passage 53
Faces the lower surface of the valve body 55.

In the above configuration, as the valve element 55 is displaced upward in the drawing, the opening degree of the port 53b decreases,
The opening of the port 54b increases. Conversely, when the valve element 55 is displaced downward in the figure, the opening of the port 53b increases, while the opening of the port 54b decreases.

As the opening of port 53b decreases, blower 11
, The suction effect of the switching valve 12 on the negative pressure port P2 is increased. This will lower the average pressure shown in FIG. 6 (lower the valley of pulsation). The decrease in the opening of the port 53b means that the opening of the port 54b increases accordingly. When the opening degree of the port 54b is increased, the action of the blower 11 to push air into the positive pressure port P1 of the switching valve 12 is weakened, and the average pressure is reduced (the peak of pulsation is reduced).

As described above, by displacing the valve element 55 upward in the figure, the average pressure is reduced. Of course, as is clear from the description so far, when the valve body 55 is displaced downward in the drawing, the average pressure is increased, contrary to the above-described case. By the action of the restrictor 56, at least a minimum amount of air is sucked from the suction port 11b of the blower 11, so that the minimum value of the average pressure is slightly larger than the atmospheric pressure.

Here, in the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the valve 7 shown in FIG. 1 can be omitted. However, the valve 7 is also provided, and the valve 7 is connected to the valve body 55 so as to reduce the difference between the average pressures on the upstream side and the downstream side of the movable diaphragm 34 (see FIG. 5). Preferably linked.

Although the embodiment has been described above, the discharge pressure (discharge capacity) of the blower may be variable (for example, the motor 14 is controlled by an inverter). Further, as the respiratory vibration generator, an existing reciprocating type may be used.

Further, the variable throttle 31 may be provided on the downstream side of the regulating means 32 (on the respiratory circuits 2 and 3 side) in the circuit 13. In this case, it is possible to save the trouble of disinfecting the variable throttle 31 for each use and to improve the efficiency of transmitting the power of the blower 11 to the breathing circuits 2 and 3, which is preferable.

Further, a system path between the suction port 11b of the blower 11 and the port P2 of the switching valve 12 may be made to communicate with the atmosphere via a variable throttle. In this case, by adjusting the opening degree of the variable throttle (0 to 100%), the average pressure at the port P4 of the switching valve 12 (the pressure fluctuation at the port P4 becomes a pulsation similar to that in FIG. 6). The pressure can be arbitrarily adjusted in a range from the atmospheric pressure to a positive pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure.

(Effects of the Invention) As is apparent from the above description, the present invention can prevent contamination of a respiratory vibration generator by a patient, and can save labor for disinfecting the respiratory vibration generator after each use. . In addition, there is no need to humidify the air from the respiratory vibration generator.

In addition, by adopting the configuration as set forth in claim 2, the present invention can be applied to an adult patient having a large respiratory capacity and can have excellent durability.

Furthermore, by adopting the configuration as set forth in claim 3, safety for a patient, prevention of excessive expansion of the movable diaphragm, and easy attachment and detachment of the movable diaphragm to and from the artificial respirator are achieved. be able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an example of a rotary switching valve. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line X3-X3 of FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line X4-X4 in FIG. FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing details of a regulating means connected to the vibration circuit. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the state of respiratory vibration when the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control example of the present invention. 8 and 9 are main part system diagrams showing another embodiment of the present invention. A: Respiratory system B: High frequency vibration generator H: Lung X: Communication space X1: First division space X2: Second division space P1: Positive pressure port P2: Negative pressure port P3: Pressurized port P4: Atmospheric release port U: Control unit 1: Common circuit 2: Intake circuit 3: Expiration circuit 11: Blower 12: Switching valve 13: Oscillation circuit 14: Motor (for blower) 15: Motor (for switching valve) 21: Case 23: Rotary shaft 25 : Rotor 25a: Partition 25b: Valve 25c: Valve 12 ': Switching valve 21': Case 23 ': Rotating shaft 25': Rotor 25-A: First rotor 25-B: Second Rotor 51-A: Communication port 51-B: Communication port 32: Restriction means 33: Case 33a: Screw groove 34: Movable diaphragm C: Volume control chamber

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] A movable diaphragm is interposed between a respiratory system of a respirator and a respiratory vibration generator for generating high-frequency air vibration, and at least the movable diaphragm and the respiratory vibration generator are detachable. A respiratory vibration generator in a ventilator, which is connected. 2. A rotary apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said respiratory vibration generator alternately communicates a blower as a pressure source with said movable diaphragm to a discharge port and a suction port of said blower. And a switching valve of the type. 3. The volume control chamber according to claim 2, wherein a case defining a volume control chamber having a predetermined volume is detachably connected between said switching valve and said respiratory passage. The thin film-shaped movable diaphragm is provided.