JP2808041B2 - Plant cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus for cultivating fruits and vegetables, flowers, or fruits under a controlled environment using artificial light.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, cultivation of plants in a controlled environment using artificial light has been carried out on a trial basis. In recent years, research and development of a so-called plant factory for leafy vegetables such as saladana has been conducted.
Active development is underway, and some have reached the practical stage.

However, on the other hand, in fruits and vegetables, flowers, and orchards, only the stage of seedling production is raised under a controlled environment using artificial light,
To the extent that artificial light is used as supplementary light during cultivation.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, when seedlings of fruits and vegetables, flowers, and orchards are grown in a controlled environment using artificial light as in the past, the subsequent growth takes place in open fields and greenhouses. Even if artificial light is partially used, most of the light required for photosynthesis depends on sunlight, so growth is also affected by time, region and weather, Therefore, in any case, it is impossible to cultivate those crops stably.

Furthermore, if fruit and vegetables etc. are grown under a controlled environment using artificial light on a trial basis, fruit and vegetables etc. are grown three-dimensionally rather than planarly like leafy vegetables such as saladana, Since the volume is large and the required illuminance is considered to be high, the method of irradiating artificial light is difficult, and the number of necessary lights for artificial light increases,
Research and development have not been conducted due to many problems in terms of profitability.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and aims to easily and reliably cultivate crops such as fruits and vegetables, flowers and orchards irrespective of region, time and weather. The purpose is to do.

The present invention comprises a nutrient solution cultivation apparatus (1), an induction shelf (2) provided thereabove, and a high-intensity discharge lamp (3) provided above the induction shelf (2). The initial horizontal illuminance in the area of 60% or more of the shelf (2) is set to 15,000 lux or more. Fruit trees such as kiwi are planted, and the foliage of the plants planted in the hydroponic cultivation equipment is an induction shelf (2)
And the high pressure discharge lamp (3) has an initial luminous flux per lamp
The high pressure discharge lamp is provided with a reflection shade (4), and the vertical distance between the tip (5) of the high pressure discharge lamp (3) and the induction shelf (2) is 50 to 100 cm. The high pressure discharge lamp (3) is 0.6m in area of the induction shelf (2).
² to provided at the rate of one lamp to 1.0 m ^2, attracting a shelf (2) is fixed to the frame (6), the frame body (6)
A horizontal bar (7) for suspending the high-pressure discharge lamp (3) is provided at the upper part of the nut, and a nutrient solution cultivation device (1) is installed inside the frame (6). ) Is equipped with a cultivation tank and a main tank that is of a circulation type and an auxiliary tank that is connected to the main tank. A water level sensor is provided in the main tank (8) or the auxiliary tank (9). Rehydration tank (12) for rehydration
And a rehydration pump (13) between the rehydration tank (12) and the main or auxiliary tank, and a rehydration tank (12)
Is provided with a water level sensor (10), a caster (11) at the bottom of the rehydration tank (12), a pipe connecting the rehydration tank (12) and the rehydration pump (13), and a rehydration tank (12). A plant cultivation apparatus characterized in that a pipe (14) directly connecting the tank and the main tank (10) or the auxiliary tank (9) is detachable with a detachable tool.

[Action]

By extending the foliage of fruits and vegetables, flowers and orchards to the induction shelf, the cultivation surface becomes flat, so that artificial light can be easily and uniformly irradiated from above, and the light source is the growth of plants. Use a high-pressure discharge lamp suitable for
By setting the horizontal illuminance in an area of 1% or more to 15000 lux or more, stable cultivation was possible.

15,000lux initial horizontal illuminance over 60% of cultivated area
By securing the above, the initial luminous flux of the high-pressure discharge lamp is 24,000 lumens to 40,000 lumens and the reflection shade is provided, so that it is possible to almost eliminate leaf burning directly under the lamps, and furthermore, to reduce the vertical distance between the induction shelf and the lamps to 50 cm to 50 cm. by was 100 cm, illuminance unevenness is reduced by further area of attraction shelves beat suspension at a rate of one lamp to 0.6 m ² to 1.0 m ^2, leaf burn, and illuminance unevenness becomes almost minimum .

24,000 lumens to 40,000 lumens is rated 32
This is a range of actual luminous flux variation determined from illuminance unevenness directly below the lamp using a plurality of 000 lumen high pressure discharge lamps.

If the irradiation time per day was shorter than 12 hours, the growth was considerably reduced, and even if it exceeded 18 hours, a large growth promoting effect could not be obtained.

Next, the invitation shelf is fixed to the frame, the lamp is hung on the horizontal bar attached to the upper part thereof, and the whole is united compactly by installing the nutrient cultivation device inside the frame, and the device of the present invention is assembled. It is suitable for installing in a relatively small scale in various stores or event venues for the purpose of attracting customers.

Furthermore, by equipping the nutrient cultivation equipment with a main tank and an auxiliary tank, and by installing a water level sensor on the main tank or auxiliary tank, the water level of the tank can be constantly monitored, and automatic water refilling of the main tank or water refill tank that has reached a certain level or less Can be. Also, by attaching a water level sensor to the water refill tank, it becomes possible to notify the water refill to the water refill tank by an alarm buzzer or an alarm lamp. Furthermore, by mounting a caster on the bottom surface of the water refill tank and making the piping to the main body detachable, water refill to the water refill tank can be easily performed by moving only the water refill tank to a place where there is a water supply.

Further, the water refill tank and the water refill pump are accommodated inside the box, and the upper side of the frame is covered with an opaque or translucent plate to improve the appearance.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Example 1) A case will be described in which the present apparatus is installed in various stores or event venues on a relatively small scale for the purpose of attracting customers.

The plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in this case is shown in FIGS.
Shown in the figure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a side view.

The frame 6 includes the induction shelf 2 in the middle and the high-pressure discharge lamp 3 at the top.
And a horizontal bar 7 for suspending the vehicle.

The invitation shelf 2 is formed by stretching an Ester wire in a lattice at an appropriate interval, and the foliage 4 of the plant is extended thereon.
The invitation shelf 2 may be a string other than an Ester wire, a wire, or various rods.

The high pressure discharge lamp 3 is suspended from the horizontal bar 7, and the reflector 3 is provided on the high pressure discharge lamp 3 so that the light of the high pressure discharge lamp 3 is concentrated on the induction shelf 2. A metal halide lamp having an initial luminous flux rating of 32,000 lumens is used as the high-pressure discharge lamp 3 and the vertical distance between the tip 5 of the lamp and the induction shelf 2 is 70 cm. However, a high-pressure sodium lamp can also be used as a light source.

Next, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is installed on a box 16 serving as a frame.

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 used was a circulation type comprising a cultivation tank and a main tank 8.

An auxiliary tank 9 is provided in communication with the main tank 8, while a water supply tank 12 and a water supply pump are provided inside the box 16.
13 is accommodated and connected to the auxiliary tank 9 by a pipe 14.

The auxiliary tank 9 is provided with a water level sensor 10. When the water level of the main tank 8 decreases due to the absorption of plants, the water level of the auxiliary tank 9 also decreases, and the lowering of the water level is detected by the water level sensor 10 of the auxiliary tank 9. To operate the rehydration pump 13. Thereby, the auxiliary tank 9 is refilled, and the water level of the auxiliary tank 9 and the main tank 8 is restored.

Then, the water level sensor 10 is also attached to the water refill tank 12 and connected to a buzzer or a lamp, thereby notifying the decrease in the amount of water in the water refill tank 12.

Further, a caster 14 is attached to the bottom of the water refill tank 12, and the pipe 14 is detachable by a detachable tool 15, so that when rehydrating, only the water refill tank 12 can be moved to a water source to refill water.

Next, the specific cultivation results will be described with reference to an example performed in 1990.

June 20 Seeding of mini tomatoes July 18 (day 28 after sowing) Flowering July 25 (day 35) Plant height became 50 cm or more, and stems extended above the induction shelf.

It will be harvestable on August 10 (51st day). Also, stems extending above the invitation shelf begin to fall on the invitation shelf under their own weight.

On August 21 (the 62nd day), the stalks extend to the edge of the 4 m ² invitation shelf.

On September 12 (the 84th day), many stems overlap on the invitation shelf, and the foliage covers the whole, and the fruit set spreads over the whole.

After that, although the lower leaves are slightly yellowed, new stems and leaves gradually grow and grow on the upper part, and the growth does not decline.

Second Embodiment Next, a case where the present apparatus is installed for large-scale exhibition or production will be described.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in this case. FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus, and FIG. 4 is a plan view.

A high-pressure discharge lamp 3 is suspended from the ceiling of the building 19, and an induction shelf 2 in which iron wires are arranged in a grid at appropriate intervals is provided below the high-pressure discharge lamp 3.
Locked to 19 sides. Below that, there is provided a nutrient solution cultivation apparatus 1 for placing a cultivation tank on a frame and circulating the nutrient solution in the tank.

A reflector 4 is attached to the high-pressure discharge lamp to concentrate light on the ledge.

The invitation shelf 2 may be an Ester wire, a cord, or various rod-shaped materials other than the iron wire.

The hydroponic cultivation device 1 is a NFT (Nutrient Film Techniqu
e) The method or the rock wool method may be used.

Next, in the building 19, a temperature control device 18 is provided so that the inside of the building 19 does not become hot due to the rise of the outside air temperature or the exhaust heat of the high-pressure discharge lamp, and also that the inside of the building 19 does not become low due to the fall of the outside air temperature. It is provided.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show another example of the invitation shelf. By pulling the portion directly below the lamp of the invitation shelf downward and lowering the portion directly below the lamp, it is possible to reduce the extremely high illuminance immediately below the lamp. Prevention, and the illuminance difference with the surroundings is reduced.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show still another example of the invitation shelf, which enables simpler and more effective use of area in large-scale cultivation for production. This allows
Even in the same plane area, the amount of foliage increases, and the yield further increases.

〔The invention's effect〕

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the present invention can extend the foliage of fruits and vegetables, flowers and orchards to an induction shelf, and easily and uniformly irradiates artificial light from above because the cultivation surface is planar. Can use a high pressure discharge lamp,
Stable cultivation was achieved by setting the horizontal illuminance in an area of 60% or more to 15000 lux or more.

Moreover, the initial horizontal illuminance over 60% of the cultivated area
15,000 lux or more is secured, and the initial luminous flux of the high-pressure discharge lamp is 2400
When the reflection shade was provided at 0 lumen to 40,000 lumen, leaf burning immediately under the lamp could be almost eliminated.

In addition, the vertical distance between the invitation shelf and the lamp is 50cm to 100cm
In this case, unevenness of illuminance was small, and the high-pressure discharge lamp was suspended at a ratio of one to 0.6 m ² to 1.0 m ² of the area of the induction shelf, thereby almost eliminating leaf burning and uneven illuminance. In addition, when the invitation shelf is fixed to the frame, the lamp is hung on the horizontal bar attached to the upper part thereof, and when the nutrient cultivation device is installed inside the frame, the whole is united compactly and the device of the present invention is assembled. It is suitable for installing in a relatively small scale in various stores or event venues for the purpose of attracting customers.

Furthermore, when the hydroponic cultivation device is provided with a main tank and an auxiliary tank, and a water level sensor is provided in the main tank or the auxiliary tank, the water level of the tank can be constantly monitored, and the main tank or the refilling tank having a certain level or less can be monitored. Automatic rehydration is possible. Also, by attaching a water level sensor to the water refill tank, it becomes possible to notify the water refill to the water refill tank by an alarm buzzer or an alarm lamp. Further, by mounting a caster on the bottom surface of the water refill tank and making the piping with the main body detachable, water refill to the water refill tank can be easily performed by moving only the water refill tank to a place where there is a water supply.

In addition, when the water refill tank and the water refill pump are housed inside the box, and the upper side surface of the frame is covered with an opaque or translucent plate, this improves the appearance.

As described above, when the device according to the present invention is installed on a relatively small scale in various stores or event venues, even in a room where it is usually difficult to grow fruits and vegetables, flowers and fruit trees, Cultivation can be ensured regardless of who goes there, and the appearance of the store can be improved, and a great effect of attracting customers can be obtained.

In addition, the device according to the present invention may be displayed on a relatively large scale,
In addition, when used for production, cultivation can be carried out reliably regardless of the weather and regional climate differences, and visitors can move freely under the foliage of widely spread plants, while for production, fruits and flowers can be used. Stable supply is possible regardless of the location of extremely hot or extremely cold.

As described above, according to the present apparatus, on the one hand, a great effect of attracting customers in a store can be obtained, and on the other hand, stable supply of agricultural products such as fruits and flowers can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the same, FIG. 3 is a side view of a plant cultivation apparatus when installed for large-scale display or production, Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same, Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of an invitation shelf of the embodiment, Fig. 6 is a side view of the same, Fig. 7 is a side view of still another embodiment, FIG. 8 is a plan view of the same. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hydroponic cultivation apparatus, 2 ... Induction shelf 3 ... High pressure discharge lamp, 4 ... Reflection shade 6 ... Frame, 8 ... Main tank 9 ... Auxiliary tank, 10 ... Water level sensor 12 ... Rehydration tank, 13 ... Rehydration pump

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01G 31/00 A01G 7/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hydroponic cultivation device (1), an induction shelf (2) provided above the nutrient cultivation device, and a high-intensity discharge lamp (3) provided above the induction shelf (2), The initial horizontal illuminance in the area of 60% or more of the induction shelf (2) is set to 15,000 lux or more. , Kiwis and other fruit trees are planted, the foliage of the plants planted in the hydroponic device is extended on the induction shelf (2), and the high-pressure discharge lamp (3) emits an initial luminous flux per lamp. Is 24
000 lumens to 40,000 lumens, and the high pressure discharge lamp is provided with a reflection shade (4), and the vertical distance between the tip (5) of the high pressure discharge lamp (3) and the induction shelf (2) is 50 cm to 100 cm. And the high-pressure discharge lamp (3) occupies 0.6 m ² of the area of the induction shelf (2).
At a rate of 1 lamp per 1.0 m ² , the induction shelf (2) is fixed to a frame (6), and an upper part of the frame (6) for suspending a high pressure discharge lamp (3). A horizontal bar (7) is provided, and a nutrient solution cultivation device (1) is installed inside the frame (6). The nutrient solution cultivation device (1) includes a cultivation tank and a circulation type main tank and main tank. A water level sensor is provided in the main tank (8) or the auxiliary tank (9), and a water refill tank (12) for refilling the main tank or the auxiliary tank is provided. A rehydration pump (13) is provided between the tank and the auxiliary tank, a water level sensor (10) is provided in the rehydration tank (12), and a caster (11) is provided at the bottom of the rehydration tank (12).
The piping connecting the water refill tank (12) and the water refill pump (13), and the pipe (14) directly connecting the water refill tank (12) to the main tank (10) or the auxiliary tank (9) are attached and detached by attaching and detaching tools, respectively. A free-standing plant cultivation device. 2. The rehydration tank (12) and the rehydration pump (13)
The plant cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the plant cultivation device is housed in a box (16) serving as a mount for the hydroponic device (1). 3. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an opaque or translucent flat plate (17) is provided on an upper side surface of the frame (6).