JP2808316B2 - Adhesive for grafting - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Object of the Invention "Industrial application field" Currently, in the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruits, etc., it is necessary to avoid soil-borne diseases, improve quality, increase yield, and maintain varieties. aim,
Although grafting cultivation is widely spread, the present invention relates to an adhesive for grafting of plants, which can be used for the grafting cultivation, and in particular, the number of working steps is small, the survival rate is improved, and thus the grafting method with high productivity The present invention relates to an adhesive for grafting and a grafting method using the adhesive, which is used not only by general farmers but also by nursery companies and widely used in the agricultural field.

"Prior art" Conventionally, as a plant grafting method, various methods are known, but in any of the methods, the joints of the scion and the rootstock are slightly different between vegetables and trees. However, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape.

That is, in the case of vegetables, the grafting method can be classified into the following three types according to the method of joining stems.

The first is the “insertion and joining method” (FIG. 4A) in which holes are made in the cross section or side surface of the stock and a scion with a thin tip is inserted into the hole.

The second is a “split-joining method” (FIG. 4B) in which a cross section of the rootstock is cut entirely or partially and a scion with a sharpened tip is inserted into the cut end.

The third is a “calling method” (FIG. 4C) in which the hypocotyl of the stem of the rootstock is cut downward and the hypocotyl of the scion is cut upward, and the hypocotyls are combined.

In any case, as is clear from the above or FIG. 4, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and in the second and third methods, which are widely used, the joints of the stock and scion are dedicated. It is necessary to fix and promote fusion by using clips and bands. This clip shape includes, for example,
There are proposals such as 9, 54-137532.

On the other hand, in trees such as fruit trees, conventionally, bud grafting, cutting and grafting,
There is a grafting method which is called by a name such as "yokuseki". In either grafting method, a cut is made in the cross section or side surface of the stock and a scion with a processed tip is inserted. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-107727 describes a conventional cutting method and an improved method thereof. In any case, similar to the above grafting method, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and after inserting the scion, protect the cut edge with "pick up", and then tape or band It takes a time-consuming method of firmly winding and fixing it.

As a special method, JP-A-59-175401 discloses a method using an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound as a main component, an unvulcanized rubber, a Ph adjuster, a soil improver, and an oil agent mixed with an oil. Has been proposed. However, this method is a method in which the adhesive is applied to the cutting surface of the scion and rootstock, and it is difficult to completely prevent the conduction of water. Due to the large number, there is a problem that the fixing force enough to join the scion and the stock is practically unlikely to be obtained.

Furthermore, the conventional grafting method is classified into several types as described above according to the method of joining rootstocks and scions, but which method is adopted depends on the type of plant, grafting time, etc.
For example, the cut-and-join method is generally used for vegetable watermelons, and the tomato is used for the high and low temperatures due to the grafting period, and the split-join method is used for other periods. ing. On the other hand, eggplant has a "split-splicing method" and cucumber has a "split-splicing method". Regardless of which method is employed, the cutting shape is delicate and complicated, requires considerable knowledge and experience, and the cutting shape and the quality of the joint affect the survival rate, requiring skill. Furthermore, the time of grafting is intensive, and it is difficult to collect skilled workers with considerable knowledge and experience in a concentrated manner, and it cannot be guaranteed that the survival rate will be 100%.

In addition, in the conventional method, it is necessary to hold the joint with a special “graft clip” or “graft band” until the rootstock and the scion join together. Is released, so that effluent from the plant may cause decay or disease. Further, it is necessary to precisely control the environment such as temperature, humidity and light after grafting, for example, the survival rate greatly changes due to the influence of moisture from the air.

In addition, when the adhesion is completed, it is necessary to remove the “graft clip” and “graft band” used for the graft in order to prevent growth by the conventional method, and the outer shape of the graft is bumped. There is also a problem that water drops accumulate and pathogens enter and adventitious buds occur.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have previously proposed a grafting adhesive characterized by using 2-cyanoacrylate as the main component and a grafting method using the adhesive (Japanese Patent Application No. 63-163). No. -100139 (JP-A-1-273517)
issue)).

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The above proposals have considerable knowledge and experience regarding the problems of the conventional grafting method, that the cutting shape is delicate and complicated, and which grafting method to use. A problem that requires skill, a problem that the survival rate is not 100% and loss occurs, and furthermore, [grafted clip]
And the need to use a “graft band” and the above-mentioned problems caused by its use. However, depending on the type of adhesive, the adhesive drips from the applied portion and the graft portion There have been newly found problems such as insufficient fixation, technical skill required, and an adhesive flowing into the overlapped cut surface to lower the survival rate. An object of the present invention is to solve the newly found problem, to improve the workability of the graft, and to provide a more excellent adhesive with less defective rooting.

(B) Configuration of the Invention "Means for Solving the Problems" The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have obtained a thickened adhesive and further obtained a thixotropic adhesive. By providing tropic properties, all of the above problems have been solved, and it has been found that the object can be solved, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention is a grafting adhesive characterized by having 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and a viscosity of 100 cp or more, and having a thixotropic property with 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and having a viscosity of 100 cp or more. The present invention relates to a graft adhesive.

２−2-cyanoacrylate The 2-cyanoacrylate used in the present invention is a compound represented by the chemical formula CH ₂ ＣC (CN) COOR, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl , Alkoxyalkyl groups, etc., and specifically, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, etc. Is mentioned. These 2-cyanoacrylates are the main components of cold-setting adhesives that are commercially available as so-called instant adhesives, and in the present invention, those commercially available instant adhesives are used as they are as 2-cyanoacrylates. I can do it.

○ Thickener The adhesive used in the present invention is a polymethyl methacrylate known as a thickener for 2-cyanoacrylate,
Polymethyl acrylate, polyalkyl-2-cyanoacrylate, acrylic rubber, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl ether, a thickener such as cellulose ester, the viscosity of which is increased to 100 cp or more, preferred for the present invention is the viscosity Is 300 cp or more, more preferred is a viscosity of 500 to 250,000 cp, and particularly preferred is a viscosity adjusted to 1,000 to 50,000 cp.

The desired viscosity varies depending on the type and molecular weight of the thickener, but can be obtained by adding 1 to 10% by weight of the thickener.

The viscosity in the present invention is measured by a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25.
It was measured at 6 ° C. and a rotation speed of 6 rpm. The rotor number was appropriately selected according to the viscosity. For example, a sample having a viscosity of 200 cp was measured with a rotor having a rotor number of 1.

○ Thixotropic agent The adhesive thickened by the thickener, dripping of the adhesive, the flow of the adhesive into the contact portion of the stock and the scion is considerably suppressed, but simply the thickening The adhesive thickened by the agent has essentially no thixotropic properties, has fluidity, it is difficult to completely prevent dripping, etc., and according to the amount of the thickener, there is no flow Although it is possible to make the adhesive of sufficient viscosity, such thickened adhesive has high spinnability, and because of its high viscosity, it is difficult to spread it well on the outer periphery of the graft, reducing workability. By imparting thixotropic properties to the adhesive thickened by the thickener, all of the fear can be eliminated by cloud fogging.

Known thixotropic agents used in the present invention include, for example, aromatic aldehyde condensates of polyhydroxy compounds, condensates of polyhydroxy compounds and boric acid, polyalkylene glycol ethers, and polyalkylene glycol esters. , An aluminum fatty acid salt, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon dioxide and the like, and a preferred thixotropic agent for the present invention is hydrophobic silica.

Hydrophobic silica is a compound capable of forming a hydrophobic group by reacting in some form with a hydroxyl group present on the surface of hydrophilic silica or adsorbed on the surface of hydrophilic silica to form a hydrophobic layer on the surface. The compound is obtained by bringing a compound (hereinafter referred to as a surface treating agent) and hydrophilic silica into contact with or in the absence of a solvent, preferably by heating to change the surface of the hydrophilic silica to hydrophobic.

Examples of the hydrophilic silica as a raw material include fumed silica and wet silica, and the particle diameter of primary particles is 1 to 100.
μm is preferable, and 5 to 50 μm is more preferable. As such a fine particle silica, for example, there is a highly dispersible amorphous silica obtained by hydrolyzing silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen flame. In addition, when hydrolyzed in an oxyhydrogen flame, titanium chloride, aluminum chloride, chlorides such as iron chloride coexist and alumina-containing silica, titanium oxide-containing silica, iron oxide-containing silica may be used in the present invention. Can be.

Examples of the surface treatment agent that changes the surface state of the hydrophilic silica into hydrophobic silica include alkyl, aryl, aralkyl-based silane coupling agents having a hydrophobic group such as n-octyl trialkoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and hexamethylenediamine. Examples include silylating agents such as silazane, silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxane, higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, and higher fatty acids such as stearic acid.

In the present invention, as the hydrophobic silica, a dimethylsilyl group or a trimethylsilyl group can be added to the surface of the hydrophilic silica, a so-called hydrophobic silica obtained from a hydrophilic silica surface-treated with a dimethylsilylating agent or a trimethylsilylating agent. It is particularly preferred to use

Specific examples of the dimethyl silylating agent and the trimethyl silylating agent include dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane, in addition to hexamethyldisilazane,
Dimethylditrifluoroacetoxysilane, hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbromosilane, N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl)
Carbamate, N, N-diethylaminotrimethylsilane, N, N-dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, N-trimethylsilylimidazole, bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide, bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, bis (trimethylsilyl) urea, 2 -Trimethylsiloxy-2
-Penten-4-one, trimethylsilylacetamide, trimethylsilyl-N, N'-diphenylurea, 3
-Trimethylsilyl-2-oxasolidinone, bis (trimethylsiloxy) dimethylsilane and the like.

The hydrophobic silica used in the present invention can be produced by the above-described method, but can be replaced with a commercially available hydrophobic silica. Commercially available hydrophobic silica includes AEROSIL R805 (manufactured by Degussa) surface-treated with n-octyltrimethoxysilane, AEROSIL R202 (manufactured by Degussa) surface-treated with silicone oil, and surface treatment with dimethylsilylating agent AEROSIL R972, R974, R97
6 (both manufactured by Degussa), AEROSIL R811, R812 surface-treated with trimethylsilylating agent (both manufactured by Degussa)
Etc., which are each 150 ± 2
0, 80 ± 20, 100 ± 20, 170 ± 20, 250 ± 20, 150 ± 20, 200
It is a hydrophobic fumed silica having a specific surface area of ± 20 m ² / g and a degree of hydrophobicity of 50, 65, 40, 35, 30, 60, 60. Cab-O-Sil N70-TS (CAB
OT Co., Ltd.), which has a specific surface area of 100 ± 20 m ² / g, and is reported to be treated with an organosilicon compound.

In addition, since these hydrophobic silicas have some thickening effect, it is necessary to increase or decrease the amount of the thickener used when thickening the adhesive.

In the present invention, these thixotropic agents may be used in combination with a thixotropic agent such as polyalkylene glycol.

The thixotropy-imparting agent imparts thixotropy to the adhesive of the present invention so that the graft-like adhesive intended for the present invention has excellent performance, but the thixotropic property to be imparted is as follows. The thixotropic coefficient represented by the following formula (hereinafter referred to as TI coefficient) is preferably 2.
0 or more, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 10.0,
Particularly preferably, it is in the range of 3.0 to 6.0.

TI = η ₆ / η ₆₀ where η ₆ is a B-type rotational viscometer, sample temperature 25 ° C, rotation speed
Viscosity measured at 6 rpm (rotor number is appropriately selected according to viscosity) η ₆₀ is a B-type rotational viscometer, sample temperature 25 ° C, rotation speed
Viscosity measured at 60 rpm (rotor number is appropriately selected according to viscosity) ○ Other additives Same as commercially available instant adhesives for the grafting adhesive of the present invention containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component. To
If necessary, other additives such as a stabilizer, a curing accelerator, a plasticizer, and a dye are added. As the adhesive of the present invention, a commercially available instant adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component may also be used,
In particular, colorants such as dyes and pigments are added in order to simplify the management of the coating operation and to improve the operation speed, although it is possible if the resin has a thixotropic property. It is preferable to add a known curing accelerator such as a fluorescent agent and various amine compounds or polyalkylene glycol derivatives. The curing accelerator may be used by being added to the adhesive as a component of the adhesive, but the adhesive and the curing accelerator may be used separately as a two-part type, or the stability of the adhesive may be used. This is a preferred method from the viewpoint of (1).

-Grafting method The grafting method using the adhesive of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. 1 and 2 are diagrams conceptually illustrating a method of grafting vegetables of solanaceae and cucurbite using the adhesive according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a joint between a scion and a stock adopted in a grafting method using an adhesive according to the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a cut state in the conventional grafting method. As shown in FIG. 3, in the method of the present invention, both the stock and the scion can be cut at substantially right angles to the stem and joined and bonded together, and a complicated cut surface as in the conventional method shown in FIG. Need not be formed, and a very simple and simple cut shape may be used. Of course, even in a state where the scion and the stock are cut and joined according to the conventional method, the fixing is performed using the adhesive according to the present invention without using the conventional “graft clip” or “graft band”. You can do it.

Rootstocks and cuttings are not particularly limited to cut sites in plants other than Cucurbitaceae, but in Cucurbitaceae, it is desirable to cut rootstocks at the setting points of cotyledons.

After the cut stock and the scion contact the cut surface,
An adhesive mainly composed of cyanoacrylate is applied to the periphery of the cut surface outside the contact portion, held for several seconds to several tens of seconds, and the adhesive is cured, so that the scion and the stock are joined and fixed. When a curing accelerator is used in combination with an adhesive, the bonding and fixing can be performed more quickly, which is a preferable method. 2
-A curing accelerator is also commercially available for use as an instant adhesive containing cyanoacrylate as a main component, and it can be used as it is, and a liquid curing accelerator is applied to the outer periphery of the cutting surface of the scion and rootstock. After applying the adhesive to the part and then contacting the cut surface, applying an adhesive or applying the adhesive to the outer periphery of the contact part on the cut surface, then applying the curing accelerator from the surface of the adhesive, etc. Is adopted. As a method of applying the hardening accelerator, a method of immersing the scion and rootstock in a liquid of the hardening accelerator, a method of dropping the hardening accelerator from an opening or a tip nozzle of a container, or a method of spraying using a sprayer Etc. are adopted.

The amount of the adhesive to be applied varies depending on the perimeter of the grafted joint, and is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to apply and cure the periphery of the joint continuously for one round, and completely cover the outer peripheral surface of the contacted part. It is desirable to apply it in such a way that a secure adhesion is possible.

In any plants, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are almost the same, and it is desirable to join them by the same diameter. However, even when the diameters of the cut surfaces are slightly different, according to the present invention, they are eccentrically contacted. Thereafter, by applying the adhesive of the present invention also to the non-contact portion of the cut surface, it is possible to prevent moisture evaporation and invasion of pathogenic bacteria from the non-contact portion, and it is possible to improve the survival rate.

If the grafted seedlings are managed for 10 to 20 days, the rootstock and the scion will adhere. As the grafted seedling grows, the adhesive falls off spontaneously and does not require an operation to remove the adhesive.

"Function" Since the adhesive of the present invention has an appropriate viscosity, especially those to which thixotropic properties are imparted, especially when grafting, the spread of the adhesive is easy, the adhesive drips, Adhesive does not flow into the nozzle, stringing from the nozzle after applying the adhesive, stably improves the workability of the previously proposed adhesive for grafting, does not require skill, and does not cause poor rooting It shows an effect of exhibiting excellent performance as an adhesive for grafting.

"Examples" Example 1 Several days after sowing seeds for rootstocks (eggplant: red eggplant, disease-resistant VF, meat, tomato: LS-89 disease-resistant Shinko No. 1), eggplants for scion and tomatoes were sowed. When the number of true leaves of the rootstock became 5 to 6, the stem was cut about 1 cm above the second to third leaves of the rootstock. Eggplants and tomatoes that became scions were cut in the middle of the first and second leaves. The cut surface of the stock and the cuttings of the scion are brought into contact with each other, and a low-viscosity commercially available adhesive (manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: Aron Alpha # 201) containing 2-cyanoacrylate containing red dye as a main component is shown in Table-1. When the adhesive A containing the compound shown in the above was applied to the outer peripheral portion slightly above the contact portion, the adhesive stopped when the adhesive was slightly dripped,
The shape just covered the outer periphery of the contact part. When a few drops of a curing accelerator (manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: aa setter) were applied to the surface of the adhesive, the adhesive was cured almost instantaneously and fixed. The time required for the work is the processing time of the stock and scion 4
Seconds, the application time of the adhesive was 2 seconds, and the dropping of the curing accelerator was 2 seconds, a total of 8 seconds. Eggplant and tomato each in the same way
Grafting was carried out 20 times at a time, and the survival state after 2 weeks was observed. As a result, the survival rate of the eggplant was 100% and the survival rate of the tomato was 95%. Although they had survived, their subsequent growth was also good.

Examples 2 to 9 The same tests as in Example 1 were performed using the adhesives B to I shown in Table 1, and the results were as shown in Table 2. Adhesive with little thixotropic property or adhesive with slightly lower viscosity E ~
When F or I is used, the workability is slightly poor because the adhesive pulls a thread, the adhesive must be spread, and it takes time to apply the adhesive, and the work time is 15 to 21 seconds. It became longer.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 A low-viscosity commercial adhesive (Alon Alpha # 201 manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and a slightly thickened product thereof were added with a red dye to form an adhesive. As a result of the test, the adhesive dripped immediately after the application, and it was difficult or impossible to fix the scion on the stock even if the curing accelerator was dropped. In addition, both the eggplant and the tomato had a poor survival rate after two weeks. When the contact portion was observed, the adhesive did not enter the contact interface and was cured.

Example 10 The commercially available adhesive in Example 1 was replaced with a jelly-like instant adhesive Alon Alpha GEL-10 manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
The time required for the work was 4 seconds for the stock and scion treatment, 6 seconds for the application of the adhesive, and 2 seconds for the dripping of the curing accelerator, for a total of 12 seconds. After that, the survival rate of the eggplant was 100% and the survival rate of the tomato was 80%.

The viscosity of the adhesive was 170,000 cp (Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. B
8H rotational viscometer / sample temperature: 25 ° C./rotor number: 7 / rotation speed: 5 rpm), and the TI coefficient was 8.1.

(C) Effects of the Invention The grafting method using the high-viscosity 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive according to the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects as compared with the conventional grafting method.

1. In the case of a low-viscosity adhesive, the adhesive drips immediately after application, and it is difficult to fix the scion on the stock, but it is easy to fix and there is no failure in fixing.

2. In the case of a low-viscosity adhesive, the adhesive penetrates into the contact interface between the scion and the stock, blocking the formation layer to be connected and hindering the rooting.

3.High-viscosity adhesives without thixotropic properties have stringiness, and the adhesive adheres to unnecessary parts other than the adhesive parts,
Also, while there is a possibility that the workability may be reduced by adhering to clothes or fingertips, it is not necessary to worry about those problems at all by providing thixotropic properties.

4.High viscosity adhesives without thixotropic properties require the work of spreading the adhesive after application, so the time required for grafting is 20 seconds / piece, but the thixotropic properties are given. The adhesive can be applied to the area where the adhesive is needed simply by applying it to the upper part of the contact area, and it stops at an appropriate point without dripping completely. I'm done.

From these facts, by using the adhesive of the present invention, a grafting method which is quick and simple in operation and has a high survival rate becomes possible, and the possibility of an automated system for producing grafted seedlings by using a machine is increased.

The present invention can also be used for vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, cucumber, melon and watermelon, fruit trees such as grape and mandarin, and flowering trees such as rose, peach, plum, button and pine.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to a solanaceous plant, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to a Cucurbitaceae plant, and FIG. 3 is a scion and a stand. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a contact portion of a tree, and FIG. 4 shows the shape of a contact portion between a scion and a stock according to a conventional grafting method. Is a diagram of the "calling method". In the figures, 1 is a scion, 2 is a stock, 3 is a cut surface, and 4 is an adhesive.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-54-43247 (JP, A) JP-A-1-101383 (JP, A) JP-A-63-275609 (JP, A) US Pat. , A) "Adhesion" Vol. 31 No. 2 (1987) pp. 58-63 (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C09J 4/04 A01G 1/06

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An adhesive for grafting, comprising 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and having a viscosity of 100 cp or more. 2. An adhesive for grafting comprising 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component, having thixotropic properties and a viscosity of 100 cp or more.