JP2813738B2 - Soil vacuum drilling rig - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vacuum excavator for excavating soil using a vacuum suction force. More specifically, the present invention relates to a negative pressure suction force of a vacuum suction blower and an exhaust gas pressure from the blower. The present invention relates to a vacuum excavator for soil that can be used together to efficiently perform an air crushing action and a suction discharging action on a soil surface.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating soil under a road or the like, usually,
Since the pipes, such as gas pipes, water pipes, and cable insertion pipes, are buried in the soil, the bucket is buried in the soil using mechanical force like a generally known excavator type excavator. In the digging type excavator, there are inconveniences such as a bucket that is digged into the soil during the excavation, crushing the buried object and damaging the buried object, and excavating the buried object to destroy it.

For this reason, in excavation of soil having a buried object in the soil, conventionally, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-22222
The vacuum excavator shown in the prior art described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8 is used. This vacuum excavator has a suction port for earth and sand at the tip of a vacuum hose connected to a suction blower.
The operator excavates the earth and sand suction port of the hose so as to suck up the earth and sand by the suction force from the blower while facing the soil surface to be excavated. According to such a vacuum excavator, Since the excavation is performed so as to suck up the earth and sand using the vacuum suction force, there is no problem such as damage or breakage of the buried object laid in the soil.

[0004]

Incidentally, the conventionally known vacuum excavator has only a function of sucking up earth and sand by a vacuum suction force from a blower, and has a function of crushing a soil surface to be excavated. Absent. For this reason, the following inconveniences were encountered in the excavation work. That is, for example, when a conventional vacuum excavator is used to excavate pipes laid in soil under a road or the like so that the repaired portion is exposed to the ground at the time of pipeline repair, the soil at the excavated location is required. It is necessary for the operator to break the surface in advance with a separately prepared drilling rod or the like so that the soil can be suctioned and discharged in advance.

[0005] For this reason, there is an inconvenience in connecting the work process of excavating the soil surface in advance by requiring another worker during the excavation work, and the excavation work of the soil surface is performed manually. Due to the relationship, it involves a great deal of heavy labor, and there is a limit to the ability to break down the soil by human power, and it takes a lot of time. Because of this, a great deal of labor and time is required for soil excavation work, so when excavating soil under roads or the like during construction work such as pipe repair as described above, it takes time to excavate and the workability is also high. It was extremely bad, and excavation was a major bottleneck in construction work.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention presupposes a vacuum excavation method that does not damage or destroy an embedded object,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil excavation method and a soil excavation method capable of simultaneously performing a function of breaking down a soil surface and a function of sucking and discharging earth and sand and efficiently performing excavation work.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a moving carriage, a vacuum suction blower, and a vacuum suction force installed in a vacuum system of the blower through a filter chamber. And a soil collection chamber on which the soil is to be excavated. A hollow excavating tube supported upright and vertically movable is installed, and the tip of the vacuum duct is connected to the upper portion of the hollow tube of the excavating tube so that a negative pressure suction acts on the hollow tube of the excavating tube. On the other hand, the excavating cylinder is provided with a fume port for blowing pressure air toward the soil surface at a lower end cylinder port portion facing the soil surface, and the fume port is mounted on the movable carriage. Connected to the exhaust system of the suction blower The exhaust from the blower and characterized by being configured to blow the soil surface than the gas nozzle as a pressure air.

[0008]

[Operation] According to the above configuration, the exhaust gas from the suction blower provided in the vacuum excavator is blasted toward the soil surface from the blast port provided at the lower end of the digging cylinder, and the blast gas pressure is increased. The air crushing action on the soil surface is obtained by the above, so the crushing action of the soil and the suction / discharge action of the crushed sediment proceed simultaneously through the hollow excavation tube upright on the soil face, and the soil excavation work Is performed efficiently.

In this case, the exhaust air from the blower is fumed only on the soil surface in a region defined by the lower end of the excavating cylinder standing upright on the soil surface, and the gas pressure generated by the blast gas efficiently crushes the soil surface. Due to the contribution to the operation, the small air volume and low air pressure air flow can sufficiently crush the soil surface, and even if the blower uses the exhaust gas pressure of the blower, the soil surface can be reliably crushed by the air pressure. Done in

[0010] Moreover, the pressure air flow contributing to the crushing of the soil surface is obtained by utilizing the exhaust air of the blower, the blower flow rate of the pressure air flow, and the blower suction contributing to the suction / discharge action of the crushed sediment. The intake air flow rate of the airflow balances with the same amount in the converted air amount in the standard state, and this phenomenon prevents the phenomenon that the blast air flow enters the soil around the lower end of the excavation cylinder. In addition, it is possible to reliably suppress the adverse effect on the surrounding soil, obtain a sufficient intake flow rate of the suction airflow acting in the hollow cylinder of the excavation cylinder, and secure the flow velocity to a certain degree or more. The earth removal effect of the soil sucked and transferred through the inside is also smooth, and the excavation efficiency can be maximized.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a low-floor type truck serving as a main body of a vacuum excavator, which is equipped with a driver's seat 2 at a front portion, and an engine 4 on a chassis 3 of the truck 1 and driven by the engine 4. Blower 5 for vacuum suction and blower 5
And a sediment collection chamber 7 connected to the box-shaped filter chamber 6 installed on the suction path of the present invention. These configurations are conventionally known.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is communicated with the filter chamber 6 through a communication pipe 8 connected to the suction passage. The filter chamber 6 has an exhaust chamber 6a at the upper part thereof and a suction chamber 6b at the lower part thereof vertically divided by a partition plate 6c, and the communication pipe 8 communicates with the exhaust chamber 6a partitioned at the upper part. A plurality of bellows-shaped filter bags 9 hanging from the lower suction chamber 6b are suspended from the partition plate 6c. The support plate 10 is connected and fixed, and is elastically supported on the bottom wall surface of the filter chamber 6 via a tension coil spring 11. Then, the suction airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the filter bag 9 through the opening provided in the support plate 10 as shown by the arrow, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and is provided in the upper partition plate 6c at the outlet opening. In the process of flowing into the upper exhaust chamber 6a, fine dust of the earth and sand mixed into the airflow is removed by a filter action, and the bottom of the filter chamber 6 is connected to the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the communication passage 12. Is communicated with the upper part.

The earth and sand collection chamber 7 has an opening 7a for inflow of earth and sand at a high position on a rear wall thereof, and a flexible vacuum duct 15 is connected to the inlet 7a. Sediment flow inlet 7
a collision plate 1 disposed obliquely in the collection chamber 7 facing
3 is elastically pivoted so as to be vertically movable with one end thereof as a fulcrum, and the specific gravity is large due to the impact of the earth and sand sucked in from the earth and sand inlet 7a via the vacuum duct 15 against the collision plate 13. The earth and sand falls downward and accumulates at the bottom of the collection chamber 7, and the light air flow bypasses the upper part of the collection chamber 7 and flows from the communication passage 12 to the bottom of the filter chamber 6. The bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7 is provided with a door 14 that can be opened and closed so that the collected sediment collected at the bottom can be discharged to the outside by opening the door.

In the present invention, a connecting bracket 1 having a U-shaped cross section extending in the left-right direction is provided at the rear of the chassis 3 of the truck 1.
A boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connection fitting 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is attached to the inner cylinder 2 so that it can expand and contract.
0b is inserted so as to be able to advance and retreat, and a mounting plate 21 is fixed to an end of the inner cylinder 20b.
A support base 22 of the excavator is detachably fixed to an end of the drum 20. The support base 22 is mounted on the mounting plate 21.
Vertical frame with a mounting plate 23 joined and fixed to the
And a vertical guide column 27 vertically erected through support members 25 and 26 attached to the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24, and a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 below the vertical frame 24. A pair of left and right outriggers 29 are provided so as to be able to extend and contract vertically, and a movable wheel 30.
9 is brought into contact with the soil surface so that the support base 22 can be grounded and fixed to the soil surface.

An elevating guide column 27 provided on the support base 22 has a rack 27 on one side surface of a column made of a square pipe material.
The guide support 27 is provided with an elevating body 35 which moves up and down along the guide support 27 as shown in FIG. The column 27 is supported by a pair of rollers 33 and 34 so that the column 27 is vertically moved up and down. The shaft of the pinion 32 is provided with a handle 36 for raising and lowering at the shaft end. By rotating the handle 36, the lifting body 35 can be raised and lowered along the guide column 27. Although not shown, the elevating body 35 is provided with a lock mechanism for restricting the rotation of the pinion 32 so that the elevating body 35 can be fixed at an appropriate position at the ascending position. A hollow cylinder 42 inserted into the excavating cylinder 40 via a fixture 35a provided on the elevating body 35 is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 so that the axis of the cylindrical body stands upright on the soil surface. The hollow cylinder 42 is a double wall of an inner wall 42a and an outer wall 42b, an annular air passage 43 is formed between the two walls 42a, 42b, and the inside of the cylinder of the inner wall 42a extends vertically. The vacuum duct 1 is provided at the upper end as a suction passage.
5 are connected.

An excavating cylinder 40 is rotatably fitted to the outside of the hollow cylinder 42. The excavating cylinder 40 is prevented from falling off in the axial direction of the hollow cylinder 42. A large-diameter excavation tube opening 40a having a large diameter is formed. At the lower end inner peripheral edge of the excavation tube opening 40a, a blowing port 45 of the compressed air communicating with the air passage 43 is opened downward at four locations in the circumferential direction. Has a cutting tip 4 having a required width.
Numerals 6 project downward and are fixed at four locations in the circumferential direction with the phase shifted from the above-described blowing port 45. In the illustrated embodiment, a hydraulic motor 48 fixed to the elevating body 35 via a support fitting 47 is provided, and the hydraulic motor 48 is driven by a hydraulic system mounted on the truck 1 to provide a hydraulic motor. A pinion gear 49 attached to the drive shaft 48;
To engage with this, the excavating cylinder 40 is decelerated and rotated in one circumferential direction or in a reciprocating direction via the driving gear 50.

The inner wall 42a of the hollow cylinder 42 and the outer wall 4
An air hose 51 is connected to the upper portion of the hollow cylinder 42 in communication with an air passage 43 formed between the air hose 43 and the air hose 43.
Is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5 mounted on the air blower 5, and the exhaust air from the blower 5 is guided to the air passage 43 by the hose 51, and the air is blown out from the blow hole 45 to the soil surface as compressed air. A blowing means is configured. With the above configuration, the flow rate of the compressed air blown from the blowout port 45 toward the soil surface and the vacuum suction blower 5 through the communication pipe 8 → the filter chamber 6 → the soil collection chamber 7 → the vacuum duct 15. The suction flow rate of the suction ascending airflow acting on the inner wall 42a of the hollow cylinder 42 (the suction passage for earth and sand) is balanced so as to be substantially equal to each other in the standard state equivalent air amount.

Next, a description will be given of an example of use and operation of the excavator constructed as described above. At the time of excavation work, the truck 1 is moved to a place where excavation is to be performed, and firstly, a support base 22 mounted on an end of the boom 20 so that the excavation cylinder 40 stands upright on the soil surface to be excavated. Is fixed to the ground with a pair of left and right outriggers 29. In this state, the lifting body 35 is moved by operating the handle 36.
The excavating cylinder 40 is lifted to the ascending position of the elevating guide column 27, whereby the excavating cylinder 40 is raised, and the excavating cylinder port 40a at the lower end thereof is set in a state of contacting the soil surface level. At the time of this setting, the excavating cylinder 40 has its own weight, such as the hollow cylinder 42 and the elevating body 35, which support the excavating cylinder 40, so that the excavating cylinder port 40a at the lower end thereof has a required pressing force against the soil surface while the guide column 27 has a required pressing force.
In a state of self-weight descent along. If the above-mentioned pressing force is insufficient in weight, an additional weight is added. If a larger pressing force is required due to the hardness or softness of the soil, the handle 36 is rotated as necessary during the excavation operation. The excavation tube opening 40a may be pressed and urged in the downward direction.

After the above-described setting is completed, the engine 4 is started and the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated. At the same time, the hydraulic motor 48 is driven by the hydraulic system mounted on the truck 1 to move the excavating cylinder 40 in one direction or in the reciprocating direction. To reduce the speed.
Thereby, the vacuum suction force from the suction blower 5 increases the communication pipe 8 → the filter chamber 6 → the sediment collection chamber 7 → the vacuum duct 1.
The air acts on the inside of the hollow cylinder 42 (the inside of the inner wall 42a and the earth and sand suction passage) that rotatably supports the excavating cylinder 40 via 5 →, and a suction ascending airflow is generated in the cylinder. On the other hand, at the same time, the exhaust air (pressure air) from the suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passage 43 formed between the inner wall 42a and the outer wall 42b of the hollow cylinder 42 via the hose 51, and the compressed air Is blown out from the blowout opening 45 of the excavation tube opening 40a opened in communication therewith.

At this time, the above-mentioned compressed air is fumed on the soil surface defined by the excavation tube opening 40a at the lower end of the excavation tube 40, and the blast of the compressed air is concentrated only on the soil surface to be excavated. Therefore, the air pressure efficiently contributes to the crushing action of the soil surface, and the soil surface is destroyed by the air pressure. Further, in this case, the excavating cylinder 40 is rotated at a reduced speed in the circumferential direction, and the cutting tip 46 fixed to the outer peripheral edge of the lower end of the excavating cylinder opening 40a is rotated while disturbing to move gravels and the like interposed in the soil. Therefore, the above-mentioned disturbing effect is combined with the above-described effect of the above-described pulverization of the soil by the air pressure. Then, the air-crushed earth and sand floats in the excavation tube opening 40a due to the reaction of the pressure air flow blown to the soil surface, and in this floating process, the fineness of the earth and sand is promoted, and the hollow cylinder of the excavation tube 40 is reduced. Since the fluid flows so as to be immediately sucked up by the negative pressure suction force generated in the inside 42 (inside the cylinder of the inner wall 42a and the soil suction passage), the flow of the soil sucked and transferred through the inside of the hollow cylinder 42 is smooth. The crushed soil is collected and discharged from the upper part of the hollow cylinder 42 into the sediment collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15.

As a result, the crushing action of the soil surface and the sucking and discharging action of the crushed sediment are simultaneously advanced through the hollow excavating cylinder 40 erected on the soil surface. The tube 40 descends sequentially along the elevating guide column 27, and excavation work is performed so that a hole of a required depth is formed when the excavation tube opening 40a penetrates deeply into the soil. When various pipes such as gas pipes and water pipes are buried in the soil to be excavated during the excavation work, the excavation cylinder 40 is attached to the guide column 27 via the elevating body 35 by its own weight or manually. Since it is configured to descend and stop descending when it comes into contact with the buried object, there is no problem of damaging or destroying the buried object.

During the excavation operation, as described above, the pressurized air is blown onto the soil surface defined by the excavation tube opening 40a at the lower end of the excavation tube 40, and the fumes of the pressurized air are blown on the soil surface to be excavated. In this configuration, the air pressure efficiently contributes to the crushing action on the soil surface, so that a small air volume and low air pressure air flow can reliably push the soil surface down. There is no phenomenon that the pressurized air penetrates into the surrounding soil around the excavation tube opening 40a, and there is no disadvantage that the surrounding soil is adversely affected. In particular, the above-described flow rate of the compressed air and the intake flow rate of the suction ascending airflow acting on the inside of the hollow cylinder 42 (the sediment suction passage in the inner wall 42a) are made substantially equal to each other in the standardized reduced air quantity. When configured to balance, the excavation tube 40 described above
The phenomenon that the pressurized air intrudes into the surrounding soil is completely eliminated, the adverse effect on the surrounding soil can be reliably suppressed, and the intake flow rate of the suction ascending airflow acting on the hollow cylinder 42 of the excavating cylinder 40 can be sufficiently obtained. And the flow velocity is secured to a certain degree or more, so that the soil discharging action of the soil sucked and transferred through the hollow cylinder 42 becomes smooth, and the sediment that tends to occur in the suction passage and the vacuum duct 15 in the hollow cylinder 42 is formed. The clogging and the like are eliminated, and the excavation efficiency can be maximized.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, the crushing effect of the soil surface is realized by using the exhaust air from the vacuum suction blower originally provided in the vacuum excavator.
The crushing action of the soil and the suction and discharging action of the crushed soil are
A vacuum excavator that has been conventionally used as an excavator that does not damage or destroy buried objects existing in the soil to be excavated because it is configured to proceed simultaneously through a hollow excavation tube that stands upright on the soil surface , The excavation work can be performed extremely efficiently.

In addition, the exhaust from the blower, which contributes to the crushing of the soil surface, is blown out only through the hollow excavation tube standing upright on the soil surface and limited to the soil surface defined by the lower end cylinder opening. Therefore, the exhaust gas pressure due to the fumarole efficiently contributes to the crushing action of the soil surface, so that the exhaust gas flow with a small air volume and low wind pressure can sufficiently obtain the action of crushing the soil surface, and the exhaust gas from the blower Even if the air is blown using pressure, the soil surface can be reliably pushed down by air pressure.

Further, the pressure air that contributes to the collapse of the soil surface is obtained by utilizing the exhaust air from the blower, so that the blower flow rate of the pressure air flow and the blower suction air flow that contributes to the suction and discharge of the crushed sediment. And the intake air flow rate of the standard state is equivalent to each other in the converted air amount in the standard state. With this configuration, the phenomenon that the fumarolic air flow does not enter the surrounding soil around the lower end of the excavation cylinder does not occur, In addition to being able to reliably suppress the adverse effect on the surrounding soil, the intake flow rate of the suction air flow acting in the hollow cylinder of the excavation cylinder is sufficiently obtained, and the flow velocity is secured to a certain degree or more. The earth removal effect of the earth and sand sucked and transported through the hole is also smooth, and effects such as maximizing the excavation efficiency can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view showing an embodiment of a vacuum excavator according to the present invention in partial cross section.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an enlarged part of the excavation part on the soil surface and showing a part of the excavation part in a cross section;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

1 truck, 2 driver's seat, 3 chassis, 4 engine,
5 Blower, 6 Filter chamber, 6a Upper exhaust chamber, 6
b Lower suction chamber, 6c partition plate, 7 sediment collection chamber,
7a Sediment inlet, 8 communicating pipe, 9 filter bag,
Reference Signs List 10 support plate, 11 extension coil spring, 12 passage, 13 collision plate, 14 door, 15 vacuum duct, 18 connection fitting, 19 hitch pin, 20 boots
21 and 23 mounting plate, 22 support frame, 24 vertical frame, 27 elevating guide column, 27a rack, 28
Hydraulic cylinder mechanism, 29 Outrigger, 32 Pinion, 33, 34 Roller, 35 Lifting body, 36 Lifting handle, 40 Drilling cylinder, 40a Drilling cylinder mouth, 42 Hollow cylinder, 43 Air passage, 45 Fume port, 46 Cutting tip, 48 Hydraulic motor

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A moving truck having a vacuum suction blower and a sediment collection chamber which is installed in a vacuum system of the blower via a filter chamber and in which a negative pressure suction force from the blower acts. A vacuum excavator for sucking and collecting earth and sand from the soil surface by a negative pressure suction through a vacuum duct connected to the excavator, the hollow excavation tube being supported by the movable carriage so as to be able to move up and down vertically on the soil surface to be excavated. And the tip of the vacuum duct is connected to the upper part of the hollow cylinder of the drilling cylinder so that the negative pressure suction force acts on the hollow cylinder of the drilling cylinder. At the lower end of the cylinder facing the surface, a fume port for blowing pressure air toward the soil surface is provided, and the fume port is connected to an exhaust system of a vacuum suction blower mounted on the movable carriage to exhaust air from the blower. The pressure air as fumarole from the soil A vacuum drilling device for soil, characterized in that it is configured to spray on a surface.