JP2829379B2 - Pressurized artificial perspiration device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for simulating the thermal properties of the skin of an animal such as a human to artificially express the state of sweating and heat generation, and more particularly, to a gaseous or liquid state. The present invention relates to a pressurized artificial perspiration apparatus capable of dispersing water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The release of water from the skin is carried out as water vapor in a calm state and mainly as liquid water in an exercise state. Therefore, it is desirable that the artificial perspiration apparatus be able to diffuse gaseous and liquid water.

[0003] Further, in the case of a human body type perspiration apparatus used for evaluating the thermal function of clothes, it is considered necessary to divide the apparatus into a plurality of blocks and control perspiration independently for each block. That is, the sweating surface of the sweating block is placed at various angles depending on the posture of the human body-type sweating device, that is, whether the device is used in a standing state or in a lying state. It is necessary to ensure that no errors occur in the volume. Practically, it is sufficient that the difference in the amount of perspiration is almost zero at a water pressure difference of 10 cm above and below, so it is necessary to develop an artificial perspiration apparatus that satisfies such specifications.

The artificial perspiration apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-324097 uses a simulated skin laminate in which a hydrophilic porous film is sandwiched between a heat conductive thin plate and a hydrophobic porous film. By injecting water from the outside, water can be uniformly evaporated from the surface of the hydrophobic porous membrane. However, when this apparatus is actually used, it takes a considerably long time for water injected from one point of the laminate to diffuse through the hydrophilic porous membrane and spread throughout the laminate. This publication also states that liquid water can be released from the surface of the laminate by pressurizing the injection water, but in practice, the liquid water is locally discharged from the vicinity of the injection port. And uniform release from the surface of the laminate may be difficult.

[0005] Several techniques mainly for the purpose of dispersing liquid water have been proposed. For example, when pressurized water is sent to the back side of natural leather, granular sweat similar to that of the human body is reproduced on the skin surface. In this case, the degree of pressurization is 0.001 to 0.05 k
Assuming that the amount of sweating is variable in the range of g / cm ² , it is shown that the amount of sweating can cover the range of human body sweating of 1.6 to 70 mg / cm ² · hr. However, leather, which is a natural material, tends to generate mold and the like, and it is difficult to obtain a leather having uniform sweating performance. Further, when the pressurized water is sent with the skin surface vertical, there is a drawback that the amount of sweating in the lower part is about 10 times as large as that in the upper part at two points with a height difference of about several 10 cm on the same skin surface.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-46132 discloses a technique in which a ceramic layer is formed on a sintered metal plate by thermal spraying as simulated skin, water is fed under pressure from the back of the simulated skin, and a liquid A method for dropping water is disclosed. According to this method, there is almost no difference in the amount of sweat due to the difference between the upper and lower parts of the sweat area, and even when the skin surface is vertical, a uniform sweat state can be obtained. However, in the simulated skin having such a structure, the perspiration performance tends to change due to clogging,
For this reason, it is necessary to replace the battery at regular intervals. However, it is difficult to manufacture a product having the same properties with good reproducibility, and the cost is increased.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an artificial perspiration apparatus which can easily control the release of gaseous and liquid water and can easily perform maintenance of simulated skin. The main purpose is.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present inventor has searched for various simulated skin materials and studied various structures of the sweating device.

First, attention was paid to the fact that a porous membrane used as a filtering material has appropriate water permeability as a simulated skin. That is, as for these porous membranes, those having a substantially linear relationship between the amount of permeated water and the water pressure and having uniform performance can be easily obtained. However, the porous membrane alone has a disadvantage that the pressure resistance (mechanical strength against pressurized water) is low.

Therefore, the present inventor has conducted further studies and found that the back side of a perforated metal plate having minute through holes is provided in order to impart mechanical strength against pressurized water to the porous membrane and retain the mechanical strength. When water is supplied under pressure from the back side of the porous membrane with the porous membrane fixed, it is possible to uniformly discharge liquid and gaseous water from the surface of the perforated metal plate. I found it. The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.

That is, the present invention provides an artificial perspiration apparatus having the following structure; An artificial perspiration apparatus of the type that releases water pressurized into a hollow structure from a removable perforated metal plate provided on an arbitrary surface of the structure, wherein a water-permeable membrane is provided inside the perforated metal plate. A pressurized artificial perspiration apparatus characterized in that water pressurized into the hollow structure is uniformly discharged from the perforated metal plate.

2. The thickness of the perforated metal plate 0.2 to 2 mm, the diameter of the holes is 0.01 to 0.5 mm, the number of holes is 1 to 100 / cm ^2, water permeability of the water permeable membrane by water pressure 0.01 kg / cm ² 0.1 ~40ml / cm ² · hr,
Item 2. The pressurized artificial perspiration apparatus according to item 1, wherein the pressure is ⁵ to 2000 ml / cm ² · hr at a water pressure of 1 kg / cm ² .

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, a detachable perforated metal plate is attached to an arbitrary surface or an arbitrary portion of a hollow structure corresponding to the outer shape of a human body, and a water-permeable membrane is disposed inside the metal plate. . That is, the perforated metal plate as the simulated skin is located on the outer surface side, and the water-permeable membrane is located on the inner layer side.

[0014] The hollow structure can have any shape. For example, a porous membrane and a perforated metal plate are stacked on a metal box with an open top surface via a spacer, and this is clamped and held by a frame to form a structure having a hollow portion inside the box. be able to. In this case, the water is discharged to the outside through the porous membrane and the holes of the perforated metal plate as the simulated skin by pressurizing the water into the hollow portion. Alternatively, if necessary, the hollow structure may be an external shape of a human body or the like. In short, in the artificial sweating test, as long as the water pressurized and fed into the hollow structure reproduces the sweating state schematically and is uniformly released in gaseous and / or liquid form from the perforated metal plate to the outside, The form and the like are not particularly limited.

The perforated metal plate and the porous membrane are fixed with screws or the like to a hollow structure having an inlet for supplying water under pressure, so that the porous membrane having deteriorated performance can be replaced. It can be done easily.

As the water-permeable membrane used in the apparatus of the present invention, a porous membrane made of nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyamide, hydrophilized polypropylene, hydrophilized polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like can be used. Although the thickness of the membrane is not particularly limited, it is usually about 20 to 200 μm, and the water permeability of the membrane is water pressure.
0.1~40ml / cm ² · hr about at 0.01kg / cm ^2, with water pressure 1kg / cm ² 5
About 2000 ml / cm ² · hr is appropriate.

As the perforated metal plate, a plate made of aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, stainless steel, or the like can be used. It is preferable that the thickness of the metal plate is about 0.2 to 2 mm, the size of the hole is about 0.01 to 0.5 mm, and the number of holes is about 1 to 100 / cm ² .

In the artificial perspiration apparatus according to the present invention, water is fed under pressure into the hollow structure, and liquid and / or gaseous water is discharged to the outside through the water-permeable porous membrane and the perforated metal plate. By being used. By changing the water permeability of the porous membrane, the hole diameter of the perforated metal plate, the pressurized state of water, and the like, the sweating state can be reproduced in a wide variety of states corresponding to desired conditions.

[0019]

The pressurized artificial perspiration apparatus of the present invention comprises a hollow structure (for example, a box) having a simulated skin made of a perforated metal plate having a porous film fixed on the back side, and having this on an arbitrary surface. . The water pressurized and sent into the hollow structure pushes the porous membrane into close contact with the perforated metal plate, and after permeating the porous membrane,
Emitted uniformly from a perforated metal plate. The water becomes gaseous or liquid depending on the amount of the water, and is discharged out of the system through the through hole of the metal plate. Liquid water becomes water droplets on the surface of the metal plate, and granular sweat similar to that of a human body is reproduced.

As described above, the porous membrane gives the perforated metal plate an appropriate water resistance, and the perforated metal plate serves as a support for the soft porous membrane and as a simulated skin surface. By adjusting the material and hole diameter of the porous membrane, the hole diameter and number of through holes in the metal plate, etc., even with a water pressure difference of 0.01 kg / cm ² corresponding to a vertical difference of 10 cm in the sweating position, there is almost no difference in the amount of sweat I can do it.

Therefore, even if the device of the present invention is installed in any position and orientation, it is possible to uniformly discharge water in accordance with the amount of inflow, so that the device of the present invention constitutes a human body type perspiration device. It proved to be useful as a sweat blocker.

Further, the perforated metal plate and the porous membrane
Since it can be fixed to the hollow structure with screws or the like, maintenance of the simulated skin, whose performance easily changes, can be easily performed.

[0023]

The following examples are provided to further clarify the features of the present invention.

Example 1 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a 1 mm thick silicon resin spacer 2 was placed on a 10 cm × 10 cm × 5 mm aluminum plate 1.
The water permeable membrane 3, the perforated metal plate 4 and the 2 mm-thick stainless steel fastening frame 5 are sequentially stacked, and the whole is tightly fixed with screws 9. A water inlet 6 is provided at the center of the aluminum plate, and an air vent 7 is provided near the end.

A minute discharge pump (not shown) is connected to a water inlet 6 provided at the center of the lower surface of the aluminum plate, and the inside of the air is sufficiently removed by preliminary water supply. Is closed, and the surface of the perforated stainless steel plate serving as the simulated skin surface is leveled and pressurized with water.

3 ml / cm ² at a water pressure of 0.01 kg / cm ² as a water permeable membrane
・ Hr, a porous membrane made of nitrocellulose having a water permeability of 230 ml / cm ² · hr at a water pressure of 1 kg / cm ² (pore diameter: 0.1 μm, thickness: 110 μm)
m) and three types of perforated stainless steel plates (thickness: 0.5 mm) with through-holes (1 piece / cm ² ) of 1 mm, 0.32 mm, and 0.1 mm as perforated metal plates. The discharge pressure was varied and the change in water pressure was observed.

As shown in FIG. 2, when a steel plate (1) having a hole diameter of 1 mm is used, the discharge water amount at a water pressure of 0.01 kg / cm ² is about 30 mg.
/ cm ² · hr. Water pressure 0.01 kg / cm ^2, so corresponds to a pressure of 10cm water column, in the two points with a height difference of 10cm, resulting in differences in the amount of perspiration that reaches about half of the body of the maximum perspiration 70 mg / cm ² · hr Become. Therefore, when the pore diameter is 1 mm, the state of perspiration when the surface of the simulated skin is vertical is extremely uneven.

On the other hand, when a steel plate (2) having a pore diameter of 0.32 mm is used, the amount of water discharged at a water pressure of 0.01 kg / cm ² is about 3 mg / cm 2.
^It becomes ² · hr, and even if the water-spouting surface is vertical, a simulated sweating state that is sufficiently uniform for practical use can be obtained.

On the other hand, when a steel plate (3) having a pore diameter of 0.1 mm is used, almost no water is released at a water pressure of 0.1 kg / cm ² or less, and a quantitative and uniform reproduction of the sweating state can be achieved. Becomes

Example 2 Using the following water-permeable membrane and perforated metal plate, the amount of water discharged from the pump was varied in the same manner as in Example 1, and a change in water pressure was observed.

I. Water permeable membrane (1) water pressure 0.01 kg / cm ² using 18ml / cm ² · hr, water pressure 1 kg / cm ² 1
530 ml / cm manufactured nitrocellulose having a water permeability of ² · hr porous membrane (pore size 0.2 [mu] m, thickness 133μm) (2) water pressure ^{0.01kg / cm 2 14ml / cm 2} · hr, water pressure 1 kg / cm ² 5
60ml / cm ² · hr hydrophilic polypropylene porous membrane having a water permeability of (pore size 0.02 [mu] m × 0.2 [mu] m, a thickness of 25 [mu] m) (3) water pressure ^{0.01kg / cm 2 3ml / cm 2} · hr, pressure 1 kg / 23 in cm ²
Nitrocellulose porous membrane having a water permeability of 0 ml / cm ² · hr (pore diameter 0.1 μm, thickness 110 μm) II. Perforated metal plate with perforated metal plate = 4 holes / cm ² , perforated stainless steel plate with hole diameter = 0.1 mm and thickness = 0.5 mm As shown in Fig. 3, when the porous membrane (1) is used, the water pressure is 0
The amount of water discharged at 01 kg / cm ² is about 8 mg / cm ² · hr. This is the maximum amount of sweating of the human body at two points with a vertical difference of 10 cm.
This indicates that a difference in the amount of sweating corresponding to about 10% of 70 mg / cm ² · hr is produced. Therefore, in the case of the porous membrane (1), the state of perspiration when the simulated skin is vertical is slightly uneven, but practically sufficient performance is obtained.

When the porous membrane (2) is used, the water pressure is 0.01 kg.
The amount of water discharged per cm ² / cm ² is about 6 mg / cm ² · hr, and a simulated sweating state that is practically sufficiently uniform can be obtained even when the water emitting surface is vertical as in the case of the porous membrane (1).

When the porous membrane (3) is used,
The amount of water discharged at a water pressure of 0.01 kg / cm ² is about 1 mg / cm ² · hr, and it is possible to reproduce an almost quantitative and uniform state of sweating.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an outline of an artificial perspiration apparatus according to the present invention used in an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an outline of the artificial perspiration apparatus according to the present invention used in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of water discharged from the pump and the water pressure measured using the artificial perspiration apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of water discharged from a pump and water pressure measured using an artificial perspiration apparatus according to Example 2.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Aluminum plate 2 ... Silicon resin spacer 3 ... Water permeable membrane 4 ... Perforated metal plate 5 ... Stainless steel fastening frame 6 ... Water inlet 7 ... Air vent 8 ... Valve 9 ... Screw

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-1992976 (JP, A) JP-A-58-21164 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G09B 23/28

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An artificial perspiration apparatus of the type in which water pressurized and fed into a hollow structure is discharged from a removable perforated metal plate provided on an arbitrary surface of the structure. A pressurized artificial perspiration apparatus characterized in that a water permeable membrane is provided so that water fed under pressure into the hollow structure is uniformly discharged from the perforated metal plate. 2. The thickness of a perforated metal plate is 0.2 to 2 mm, and the diameter of a hole is
0.01 to 0.5 mm, the number of holes is 1 to 100 / cm ^2, 0.1~40ml permeability of water-permeable membrane in pressure ^{0.01kg / cm 2 / cm 2 ·} hr, pressure 1
The pressurized artificial perspiration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure is ⁵ to 2000 ml / cm ² · hr in kg / cm ² .