JP2873333B2 - Ground injection method - Google Patents
Ground injection methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2873333B2 JP2873333B2 JP9864990A JP9864990A JP2873333B2 JP 2873333 B2 JP2873333 B2 JP 2873333B2 JP 9864990 A JP9864990 A JP 9864990A JP 9864990 A JP9864990 A JP 9864990A JP 2873333 B2 JP2873333 B2 JP 2873333B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- injection
- pipe
- tunnel
- injection material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 「産業上の利用分野」 本発明は、地盤を改良するために用いられる地盤注入
工法に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a ground injection method used for improving the ground.
「従来の技術」 地盤を改良する目的で用いられる地盤注入工法は、施
工方法により異なるが、地盤の間隙水圧の数培から数十
倍で実施される。"Conventional technology" The ground injection method used for the purpose of improving the ground varies depending on the construction method, but is carried out at several times to several tens times the pore water pressure of the ground.
従来の地盤注入工法は、周辺地盤や近接構造物に有害
な影響を与えない範囲の注入圧と注入速度で実施されて
いるため、注入効率は低い状態にある。また、注入範囲
も狭い結果となっている。Since the conventional ground injection method is performed at an injection pressure and an injection speed within a range that does not adversely affect the surrounding ground and adjacent structures, the injection efficiency is low. Also, the injection range is narrow.
「発明が解決しようとする課題」 しかしながら、前記従来の地盤注入工法においては、
注入圧力と注入速度に関する管理が大切で、これら注入
圧力および注入速度を適切に設定しないと、地盤が変状
して近接構造物等に悪影響がおよぼされるという問題点
がある。このため、注入速度は、地盤や近接構造物に有
害な影響を与えない範囲内の注入圧力に限定される。"Problems to be solved by the invention" However, in the conventional ground injection method,
It is important to control the injection pressure and the injection speed, and if these injection pressures and injection speeds are not set appropriately, there is a problem that the ground is deformed and adversely affects nearby structures and the like. For this reason, the injection speed is limited to an injection pressure within a range that does not adversely affect the ground or nearby structures.
そこで、本発明は周辺地盤への変状の要因である余剰
間隙水を排水して施工中および施工後の地盤および近接
構造物の安全を守るとともに、注入材の注入圧力を高め
て、大きな注入速度を得ることのできる注入効率の高い
地盤注入工法を提供することを目的としている。Therefore, the present invention drains excess pore water, which is a factor of deformation to the surrounding ground, to protect the safety of the ground and adjacent structures during and after construction, and to increase the injection pressure of the injection material to increase the large injection It is an object of the present invention to provide a ground injection method with high injection efficiency that can obtain a speed.
「課題を解決するための手段」 上記課題を解決するために、本発明においては、以下
の手段を採用した。"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following solutions.
すなわち、請求項１記載の発明は、地盤に注入材を充
填するにあたり、地盤に注入材を注入するための注入管
を地盤中の所定位置に配置し、地盤の間隙水を排水する
ための排水管を前記注入管の周辺に配置し、注入管から
注入材を地盤中に圧入するとともに、該注入材の注入圧
を利用して前記排水管から地盤中の余剰水を排水してい
くことで、前記注入材を前記地盤中に充填するととも
に、前記地盤の変状を防止することを特徴としている。That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when filling the ground with the injection material, an injection pipe for injecting the injection material into the ground is disposed at a predetermined position in the ground, and drainage for draining pore water in the ground. By arranging a pipe around the injection pipe, pressing the injection material into the ground from the injection pipe, and draining excess water in the ground from the drain pipe using the injection pressure of the injection material. The method is characterized in that the ground is filled with the pouring material and deformation of the ground is prevented.
請求項２記載の発明は、トンネルを掘削するにあた
り、トンネルの切羽面の前方における掘削対象位置の周
囲の地盤に、注入材を注入するための注入管を配置する
とともに、該注入管の近傍に、前記地盤の間隙水を排水
するための排水管を配置し、前記注入管から注入材を前
記地盤中に圧入するとともに、該注入材の注入圧を利用
して前記排水管から前記地盤中の余剰水を排水していく
ことで、前記注入材を前記地盤中に充填するとともに、
前記地盤の変状を防止することを特徴としている。In the invention of claim 2, when excavating a tunnel, an injection pipe for injecting an injection material is arranged on the ground around the excavation target position in front of the face of the tunnel, and near the injection pipe. A drainage pipe for draining pore water in the ground is arranged, and an injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe, and the injection pipe of the injection material is used to fill the ground from the drainage pipe. By discharging surplus water, filling the ground with the injection material,
It is characterized in that deformation of the ground is prevented.
請求項３記載の発明は、トンネルを掘削するにあた
り、トンネル本坑と略平行に作業用トンネル先行構築し
ておき、該作業用トンネルから前記トンネル本坑の掘削
対象位置の地盤に向けて、注入材を注入するための注入
管を配置し、前記地盤の間隙水を排水するための排水管
を前記注入管の周辺に配置し、前記注入管から注入材を
前記地盤中に圧入するとともに、該注入材の注入圧を利
用して前記排水管から地盤中の余剰水を排水していくこ
とで、前記注入材を前記地盤中に充填するとともに、前
記地盤の変状を防止することを特徴としている。In the invention according to claim 3, when the tunnel is excavated, a working tunnel is pre-constructed substantially in parallel with the tunnel main shaft, and injection is performed from the working tunnel toward the ground at the excavation target position of the tunnel main shaft. An injection pipe for injecting the material is arranged, a drain pipe for draining pore water in the ground is arranged around the injection pipe, and the injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe, By discharging surplus water in the ground from the drain pipe using the injection pressure of the injection material, while filling the injection material into the ground, preventing deformation of the ground, I have.
「作用」 請求項１に係る発明においては、注入管から注入材を
地盤中に圧入すると、注入材の注入に伴って、周辺地盤
の地下水圧は上昇する。このようにして圧力の上昇した
地下水は、前記注入管の周囲に配置された排水管によっ
て排水される。すなわち、注入材の注入圧を利用するこ
とにより、余剰地下水を排水することができ、これによ
り、地下水圧の上昇により地盤が変状することが防がれ
るとともに、地盤中に適切に注入材を充填することがで
きる。」 請求項２に係る発明においては、請求項１の発明と同
様の作用により、トンネルの掘削対象位置の周辺の地盤
に対して、その変状を防止しつつ、適切に注入材を充填
することができる。[Operation] In the invention according to claim 1, when the injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe, the groundwater pressure of the surrounding ground increases with the injection of the injection material. The groundwater whose pressure has been increased in this way is drained by a drain pipe arranged around the injection pipe. In other words, by using the injection pressure of the injection material, the surplus groundwater can be drained, thereby preventing the ground from being deformed due to the increase in the groundwater pressure and appropriately filling the injection material into the ground. Can be filled. In the invention according to claim 2, by the same operation as the invention according to claim 1, the ground around the excavation target position of the tunnel is appropriately filled with the injection material while preventing the deformation thereof. Can be.
請求項３に係る発明においては、請求項１の発明と同
様の作用により、トンネル本坑の掘削対象位置の地盤に
対して、その変状を防止しつつ、適切に注入材を充填す
ることができる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, by the same operation as the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to properly fill the ground at the excavation target position of the tunnel main shaft with the injection material while preventing its deformation. it can.
「実施例」 以下、本発明の地盤注入工法の一実施例について図面
を参照して説明する。Example An example of the ground injection method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図中、符号１は本発明の地盤注入工法を実施する
ための注入管を示す。この注入管１は、内部に空洞を有
するように形成された筒状部材であって、その下部に
は、セメントミルク等の注入材を地盤中に排出するため
の排出孔（図示略）が形成されている。そして、矢印
およびに示す経路にしたがって、地盤中に注入材を注
入する。ここで、実線２は、地盤中における注入材の伝
播状態を示す線である。In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an injection pipe for implementing the ground injection method of the present invention. The injection pipe 1 is a cylindrical member formed so as to have a cavity therein, and a discharge hole (not shown) for discharging an injection material such as cement milk into the ground is formed at a lower portion thereof. Have been. Then, the injection material is injected into the ground according to the paths indicated by arrows and. Here, the solid line 2 is a line indicating the propagation state of the injected material in the ground.
第２図中、符号５は地盤中の余剰間隙水を地盤の外へ
排出するための排水管を示している。In FIG. 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a drain pipe for discharging surplus pore water in the ground to the outside of the ground.
この排水管５は、前記注入管１と同様に、内部に空洞
を有する筒状部材であって、その下部には地盤中の余剰
間隙水を採り入れるための取水孔６が複数個形成されて
いる。また、排水管５の所定位置には、地下水圧制御弁
７が設けられている。This drain pipe 5 is a tubular member having a cavity inside, like the injection pipe 1, and a plurality of water intake holes 6 for taking in excess pore water in the ground are formed below the drain pipe 5. . At a predetermined position of the drain pipe 5, a groundwater pressure control valve 7 is provided.
そして、矢印およびに示す経路にしたがって地盤
中の間隙水を排水する。Then, the pore water in the ground is drained according to the route indicated by the arrow and the route indicated by the arrow.
次に、本実施例の使用例について、第３図を参照して
説明する。本実施例の地盤注入工法は、地盤中に注入材
を注入するにあたり、地盤に注入材を注入するための注
入管１を地盤中の所定位置に配置し、地盤の間隙水を排
水するための排水管５を第３図に示すように、前記注入
管１の周辺に配置する。Next, an example of use of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the ground injection method according to the present embodiment, when injecting the injection material into the ground, the injection pipe 1 for injecting the injection material into the ground is arranged at a predetermined position in the ground, and the drainage water for draining pore water in the ground is provided. The drain pipe 5 is arranged around the injection pipe 1 as shown in FIG.
そして、注入管１から注入材を地盤中に圧入し、この
注入圧を利用して地下水圧を上昇させ、これにより、排
水管５から地盤中の余剰水を排水していくことで注入材
を充填することとしている。このとき、第３図中、注入
材の浸透する注入範囲を実線10で、排水管５の周囲の余
剰間隙水を排水した後に排水管５を注入管に置き換えた
場合の注入材の注入範囲を点線11で示すものとする。Then, the injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe 1 and the groundwater pressure is increased by using the injection pressure, whereby the excess water in the ground is drained from the drain pipe 5 so that the injection material is removed. It is to be filled. At this time, in FIG. 3, a solid line 10 indicates an injection range in which the injection material penetrates, and an injection range of the injection material when the drain pipe 5 is replaced with the injection pipe after draining excess pore water around the drain pipe 5. It is indicated by a dotted line 11.
以上説明したように本実施例の地盤注入工法によれ
ば、注入により高まった地下水圧を低下させ、高い注入
圧力が地盤中の広い範囲に伝播するのを防止することが
できる。そして、近接構造物や、周辺地盤に有害な影響
を与えることなく注入材の浸透を向上させることができ
るといった効果を得ることができる。さらに、この実施
例によれば、真空グラウト工法等を併用した地盤注入改
良とは異なり、地下水位の変化により土の有効荷重が変
化して地盤が変状するといった懸念が無く、施工中およ
び施工後の地盤および近接構造物の安全が守られる。As described above, according to the ground injection method of the present embodiment, the groundwater pressure increased by injection can be reduced, and the high injection pressure can be prevented from propagating to a wide area in the ground. Further, it is possible to obtain an effect that the penetration of the injection material can be improved without adversely affecting the nearby structure and the surrounding ground. Further, according to this embodiment, unlike the ground injection improvement using the vacuum grouting method or the like, there is no concern that the effective load of the soil changes due to a change in the groundwater level and the ground is deformed. The safety of the subsequent ground and adjacent structures is protected.
次に、本発明の第２の実施例について第４図を参照し
て説明する。なお、前記実施例と同様の構成となる部分
には、共通の符号を付してその説明を省略する。Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that portions having the same configuration as the above-described embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
第４図は、本発明の地盤注入工法をトンネル施工に用
いた場合の使用例を示す側断面図である。図中、符号８
は、トンネル坑を示し、符号９によって示された点線の
範囲は、注入材の注入による地盤改良域を示すものであ
る。FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a usage example when the ground injection method of the present invention is used for tunnel construction. In the figure, reference numeral 8
Indicates a tunnel pit, and a range indicated by a dotted line indicated by reference numeral 9 indicates a ground improvement area by injection of an injection material.
本実施例においても、前記実施例と同様に注入材の注
入および、余剰間隙水の排水を行うことでトンネルの切
羽面の前方における掘削対象位置の周囲の地盤に対し
て、その変状を防止しつつ、地盤注入改良を行うことが
でき、安全性の高いトンネル工事を実施することができ
る。In this embodiment as well, injection of the injection material and drainage of excess pore water are performed in the same manner as in the previous embodiment to prevent deformation of the ground around the excavation target position in front of the face of the tunnel. In addition, soil injection can be improved while performing tunnel construction with high safety.
次に、本発明の第３の実施例について第５図を参照し
て説明する。なお、前記実施例と同様の構成となる部分
には、共通の符号を付してその説明を省略する。Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that portions having the same configuration as the above-described embodiment are denoted by common reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
本実施例は、トンネル本坑15に先行してシールド工法
で作業用トンネル16を構築し、この作業用トンネル16か
らトンネル本坑15の周辺地盤を注入改良する。In this embodiment, a work tunnel 16 is constructed by a shield method prior to the tunnel main shaft 15, and the ground around the tunnel main shaft 15 is injected and improved from the work tunnel 16.
本実施例においては、トンネル本坑15の掘削対象位置
の地盤に対して、その変状を防止しつつ、適切に注入材
を充填することができ、安全性の高いトンネル工事を実
施することができる。また、この場合、真空グラウト工
法を併用した地盤注入改良と比べ、排水管５のそれぞれ
に真空ポンプを設ける等の必要が無く、コスト的に有利
である。In the present embodiment, the ground at the excavation target position of the tunnel main shaft 15 can be properly filled with the injectable material while preventing its deformation, and a highly safe tunnel construction can be performed. it can. Also, in this case, there is no need to provide a vacuum pump for each of the drain pipes 5 and the like, which is advantageous in terms of cost, as compared with the ground injection improvement using the vacuum grouting method.
なお、本発明の地盤注入工法は、前記実施例のみの使
用例に限られることはなく、他の使用例においても実施
可能であることはいうまでもない。It is needless to say that the ground injection method of the present invention is not limited to the use example of only the above-described embodiment, but can be implemented in other use examples.
「発明の効果」 請求項１に係る地盤注入工法は、地盤に注入材を充填
するにあたり、地盤に注入材を注入するための注入管を
地盤中の所定位置に配置し、地盤の間隙水を排水するた
めの排水管を前記注入管の周辺に配置し、注入管から注
入材を地盤中に圧入するとともに、該注入材の注入圧を
利用して前記排水管から地盤中の余剰水を排水していく
ことで注入材を充填するとともに、前記地盤の変状を防
止することとしたので、注入材の注入により高まった地
下水圧を低下させ、高い注入圧力が地盤中の広い範囲に
伝播するのを防止して、施工中および施工後の地盤およ
び近接構造物の安全を守ることができる。そして、近接
構造物や、周辺地盤に有害な影響を与えることなく注入
材の浸透を向上させることができるといった効果を得る
ことができる。また、請求項２に係る地盤注入工法によ
れば、トンネルの切羽面の前方における掘削対象位置の
周囲の地盤に対して、その変状を防止しつつ、地盤注入
改良を行うことができ、安全性の高いトンネル工事を実
施することができる。さらに、請求項３に係る地盤注入
工法によれば、トンネル本坑の掘削対象位置の地盤に対
して、その変状を防止しつつ、適切に注入材を充填する
ことができ、安全性の高いトンネル工事を実施すること
ができる。また、この場合、真空グラウト工法を併用し
た地盤注入改良等と比べ、排水管のそれぞれに真空ポン
プを設ける必要が無く、コスト的に有利である。[Effect of the Invention] In the ground injection method according to claim 1, when filling the ground with the injection material, an injection pipe for injecting the injection material into the ground is arranged at a predetermined position in the ground, and pore water in the ground is removed. A drain pipe for draining is arranged around the injection pipe, and the injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe, and excess water in the ground is drained from the drain pipe using the injection pressure of the injection material. As the filling material is filled, the groundwater pressure increased by the injection of the filling material is reduced, and the high filling pressure propagates to a wide area in the ground. And the safety of the ground and adjacent structures during and after construction can be secured. Further, it is possible to obtain an effect that the penetration of the injection material can be improved without adversely affecting the nearby structure and the surrounding ground. Further, according to the ground injection method according to the second aspect, the ground injection can be improved while preventing deformation of the ground around the excavation target position in front of the face of the tunnel, thereby improving safety. Highly efficient tunnel construction can be implemented. Furthermore, according to the ground injection method according to claim 3, the ground at the excavation target position of the tunnel main pit can be properly filled with the injection material while preventing its deformation, and the safety is high. Tunnel construction can be carried out. In addition, in this case, it is not necessary to provide a vacuum pump for each drain pipe, which is advantageous in terms of cost, as compared with ground injection improvement or the like using the vacuum grout method together.
第１図ないし第３図は本発明の第１の実施例を示す図で
あって、第１図は注入管の側面図、第２図は排水管の側
面図、第３図は注入管と排水管の使用状態の一例を示す
状態図、第４図は本発明の第２の実施例を示す側断面
図、第５図は本発明の第３の実施例を示す正断面図であ
る。 １……注入管、 ５……排水管、 Ｇ……地盤。1 to 3 are views showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a side view of an injection pipe, FIG. 2 is a side view of a drain pipe, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a front sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... injection pipe, 5 ... drain pipe, G ... ground.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 足立 義雄 茨城県つくば市大字旭１番地 建設省土 木研究所内 (72)発明者 水谷 敏則 茨城県つくば市大字旭１番地 建設省土 木研究所内 (72)発明者 稲野 茂 茨城県つくば市大字旭１番地 建設省土 木研究所内 (72)発明者 竹林 亜夫 神奈川県横浜市港南区港南２―８―14― 604 (72)発明者 岩藤 正彦 茨城県北相馬郡守谷町みずき野７―５― ８ (72)発明者 岩村 巖 東京都調布市柴崎１―57―１―103 (56)参考文献 特開 昭61−237717（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭46−5183（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) 特公 昭35−7425（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) E02D 3/12 101 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshio Adachi, 1st Asahi, Asahi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref. 72) Inventor Shigeru Inano 1 Asahi, Asahi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction (72) Inventor Ao Takebayashi 2-8-14-604 Konan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 7-5-8 Mizukino, Moriya-cho, Kitasoma-gun (72) Inventor Iwamura Iwamura 1-57-1-103, Shibasaki, Chofu-shi, Tokyo (56) References JP-A-61-237717 (JP, A) JP 46 -5183 (JP, B1) JP-B-35-7425 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) E02D 3/12 101
Claims (3)
注入材を注入するための注入管を地盤中の所定位置に配
置し、地盤の間隙水を排水するための排水管を前記注入
管の周辺に配置し、注入管から注入材を地盤中に圧入す
るとともに、該注入材の注入圧を利用して前記排水管か
ら地盤中の余剰水を排水していくことで、前記注入材を
前記地盤中に充填するとともに、前記地盤の変状を防止
することを特徴とする地盤注入工法。When filling the ground with an injection material, an injection pipe for injecting the injection material into the ground is disposed at a predetermined position in the ground, and a drain pipe for draining pore water in the ground is provided with the injection pipe. The injection material is injected into the ground from an injection pipe, and excess water in the ground is drained from the drain pipe using the injection pressure of the injection material, whereby the injection material is removed. A ground injection method characterized by filling the ground and preventing deformation of the ground.
切羽面の前方における掘削対象位置の周囲の地盤に、注
入材を注入するための注入管を配置するとともに、該注
入管の近傍に、前記地盤の間隙水を排水するための排水
管を配置し、前記注入管から注入材を前記地盤中に圧入
するとともに、該注入材の注入圧を利用して前記排水管
から前記地盤中の余剰水を排水していくことで、前記注
入材を前記地盤中に充填するとともに、前記地盤の変状
を防止することを特徴とする地盤注入工法。2. Excavating a tunnel, an injection pipe for injecting an injection material is disposed on a ground in front of the face of the tunnel around a position to be excavated, and the ground is placed near the injection pipe. A drain pipe for draining pore water is arranged, and an injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe, and excess water in the ground is drained from the drain pipe using the injection pressure of the injection material. A ground pouring method characterized by filling the ground with the pouring material by draining and preventing deformation of the ground.
坑と略平行に作業用トンネルを先行構築しておき、該作
業用トンネルから前記トンネル本坑の掘削対象位置の地
盤に向けて、注入材を注入するための注入管を配置し、
前記地盤の間隙水を排水するための排水管を前記注入管
の周辺に配置し、前記注入管から注入材を前記地盤中に
圧入するとともに、該注入材の注入圧を利用して前記排
水管から地盤中の余剰水を排水していくことで、前記注
入材を前記地盤中に充填するとともに、前記地盤の変状
を防止することを特徴とする地盤注入工法。3. In excavating a tunnel, a working tunnel is preliminarily constructed substantially in parallel with the tunnel main shaft, and the injected material is directed from the working tunnel toward the ground at the excavation target position of the tunnel main shaft. Place the injection tube for injection,
A drainage pipe for draining pore water in the ground is arranged around the injection pipe, and an injection material is pressed into the ground from the injection pipe, and the drainage pipe is injected using the injection pressure of the injection material. Draining surplus water from the ground to fill the ground with the injected material and preventing deformation of the ground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9864990A JP2873333B2 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1990-04-13 | Ground injection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9864990A JP2873333B2 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1990-04-13 | Ground injection method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03295924A JPH03295924A (en) | 1991-12-26 |
| JP2873333B2 true JP2873333B2 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=14225351
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9864990A Expired - Lifetime JP2873333B2 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1990-04-13 | Ground injection method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2873333B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4092644B2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2008-05-28 | 清水建設株式会社 | Method and apparatus for injecting injection solution into existing structure foundation ground |
| JP6861412B2 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2021-04-21 | 株式会社不動テトラ | Ground improvement method |
-
1990
- 1990-04-13 JP JP9864990A patent/JP2873333B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03295924A (en) | 1991-12-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |