JP2883402B2 - Optical function element - Google Patents
Optical function elementInfo
- Publication number
- JP2883402B2 JP2883402B2 JP2124525A JP12452590A JP2883402B2 JP 2883402 B2 JP2883402 B2 JP 2883402B2 JP 2124525 A JP2124525 A JP 2124525A JP 12452590 A JP12452590 A JP 12452590A JP 2883402 B2 JP2883402 B2 JP 2883402B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- hydrogen ion
- light receiving
- hydrogen
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、光機能素子に関する。本発明の光機能素子
は画像認識やニューラルネット等に利用できる。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an optical functional device. The optical functional device of the present invention can be used for image recognition, neural networks, and the like.
［従来の技術］ マール（Marr）によって提案された▽2Gオペレーター
による画像のエッジ抽出と、ザイベルト（Seibert）等
により提案された重心等の特徴抽出とを行う光機能素子
として、受光部からの信号をガウス関数等に従って拡散
伝達し、伝達された信号に微分処理を行うものが意図さ
れている。And proposed ▽ 2 edges of G operator of the image extracted by [Prior Art] Mar (Marr), as an optical functional element that performs a feature extraction of the centroid and the like proposed by Zaiberuto (Seibert), etc., from the light receiving portion It is intended to diffusely transmit a signal according to a Gaussian function or the like, and to perform a differentiation process on the transmitted signal.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 上記の如き光機能素子を実現する場合には、ガウス関
数等に従って信号を拡散伝達させることをどのようにし
て行うかが問題となる。[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] When realizing the above-mentioned optical functional element, how to diffuse and transmit a signal in accordance with a Gaussian function or the like becomes a problem.
例えば、受光部・信号処理部に於ける素子数を共にｎ
個とすると、これら素子間を結合させるための結線数は
nR2となり、結合の重みの小さいものを省略しても多大
な結線数を必要とする。For example, the number of elements in both the light receiving section and the signal processing section is n
The number of wires for coupling these elements
nR 2 is required, and a large number of connections is required even if a connection having a small weight is omitted.
さらにガウス関数の半値幅が時間的に変化するような
信号の拡散伝達を実現しようとすると、個々の結線の抵
抗値を制御して各素子間の結合の重みを変化させる必要
があり、きわめて複雑な制御が必要となる。Furthermore, in order to realize diffusion transmission of a signal in which the half-width of the Gaussian function changes with time, it is necessary to control the resistance value of each connection and change the weight of coupling between elements, which is extremely complicated. Control is required.
光を用いた結線の場合にも同様の問題がある。 A similar problem exists in the case of connection using light.
本発明は上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであっ
て、複雑な結線や制御を必要としない新規な光機能素子
の提供を目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a novel optical functional element that does not require complicated wiring and control.
［課題を解決するための手段］ 以下、本発明を説明する。[Means for Solving the Problems] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described.
本発明の光機能素子は「光受容層と、信号伝達層と、
信号処理層と」を有する。The optical functional device of the present invention is "a light receiving layer, a signal transmission layer,
And a signal processing layer.
「光受容層」は、光受容素子層と水素イオン供給層と
を積層してなる。The “light receiving layer” is formed by laminating a light receiving element layer and a hydrogen ion supply layer.
光受容素子層は「バクテリオ・ロドプシンを配向させ
てなる光受容素子」を多数、１次元又は２次元に配列し
てなる。水素イオン供給層は光受容素子層の一方の面に
接して設けられる。The light receiving element layer is formed by arranging a large number of "light receiving elements formed by orienting bacteriorhodopsin" one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. The hydrogen ion supply layer is provided in contact with one surface of the light receiving element layer.
「信号伝達層」は、上記水素イオン供給層の接する面
とは反対側の面において光受容素子層に接して設けられ
た水素イオン拡散層である。The "signal transmission layer" is a hydrogen ion diffusion layer provided on the surface opposite to the surface on which the hydrogen ion supply layer is in contact with the light receiving element layer.
「信号処理層」は、信号伝達層に接して設けられ、信
号伝達層である水素イオン拡散層における水素イオンの
拡散により伝達された信号を、微分演算用に検出する機
能を持つ。The “signal processing layer” is provided in contact with the signal transmission layer, and has a function of detecting a signal transmitted by diffusion of hydrogen ions in the hydrogen ion diffusion layer, which is a signal transmission layer, for differential operation.
バクテリオ・ロドプシンは高度好塩菌などで見られる
光機能タンパク質の一つであり、光を吸収すると水素イ
オンを特定の方向へ搬送する機能をもつ。従って、バク
テリオ・ロドプシンを配向して水素イオンの搬送方向を
所定の１方向に揃えることができる。Bacteriorhodopsin is one of the photofunctional proteins found in highly halophilic bacteria and has the function of transporting hydrogen ions in a specific direction when absorbing light. Therefore, the transport direction of hydrogen ions can be aligned in one predetermined direction by orienting bacteriorhodopsin.
光受容素子に於けるバクテリオ・ロドプシンは光受容
素子層に水素イオン供給層を介して光が照射されたと
き、光照射部において水素イオン供給層の水素イオンを
信号伝達層側へ搬送するように配向されている。Bacterio rhodopsin in the light receiving element transfers hydrogen ions of the hydrogen ion supply layer to the signal transmission layer side in the light irradiation part when the light receiving element layer is irradiated with light via the hydrogen ion supply layer. Oriented.
［作用］ 光が水素イオン供給層を介して光受容素子層に入射さ
せると光に照射された部分では光受容素子が水素イオン
供給層の水素イオンを水素イオン拡散層へ搬送する。搬
送された水素イオンは水素イオン拡散層中で拡散する
が、拡散により生じる濃度分布はガウス関数様のものと
なり、その半値幅も時間とともに広がるので、複雑な結
線を行うことなく信号の拡散伝達を実現できる。[Operation] When light is incident on the light receiving element layer via the hydrogen ion supply layer, the light receiving element transports the hydrogen ions of the hydrogen ion supply layer to the hydrogen ion diffusion layer in the portion irradiated with the light. The transported hydrogen ions diffuse in the hydrogen ion diffusion layer, but the concentration distribution generated by the diffusion becomes like a Gaussian function and the half-value width expands with time, so the signal diffusion transmission without complicated connection is performed. realizable.
［実施例］ 以下、具体的な実施例に即して説明する。[Example] Hereinafter, a description will be given according to a specific example.
第１図は、本発明の１実施例を略示している。 FIG. 1 schematically shows one embodiment of the present invention.
図に示すように光機能素子は光受容層と信号伝達層と
信号処理層とを積層してなっている。As shown in the figure, the optical functional device has a light receiving layer, a signal transmission layer, and a signal processing layer laminated on each other.
光受容層は光受容素子層２の片方の面に水素イオン供
給層１を設けてなっている。The light receiving layer has a hydrogen ion supply layer 1 provided on one surface of the light receiving element layer 2.
信号伝達層は水素イオン拡散層３であり、水素イオン
供給層とともに光受容素子層２を挟持するように設けら
れている。The signal transmission layer is a hydrogen ion diffusion layer 3 and is provided so as to sandwich the light receiving element layer 2 together with the hydrogen ion supply layer.
信号処理層４は、光受容素子層２と共に水素イオン拡
散層３を挟持するように設けられている。The signal processing layer 4 is provided so as to sandwich the hydrogen ion diffusion layer 3 together with the light receiving element layer 2.
光受容素子層２は、水素イオンの搬送方向が第１図の
上側から下側へ向かうようにバクテリオ・ロドプシンを
配向した光受容素子を多数、図の左右方向へ１列に配列
したものである。The light-receiving element layer 2 is formed by arranging a large number of light-receiving elements in which bacteriorhodopsin is oriented such that the transport direction of hydrogen ions is from the upper side to the lower side in FIG. .
信号処理層４は、水素イオンの濃度を検出できるイオ
ン濃度検出素子、例えばpH電極を光受容素子と対応させ
て図の左右方向に１列に配列させてなり、各イオン濃度
検出素子の出力に基づいて微分演算用に検出する機能を
有している。The signal processing layer 4 is formed by arranging an ion concentration detecting element capable of detecting the concentration of hydrogen ions, for example, a pH electrode in a row in the left and right direction in correspondence with the photoreceptor element. It has a function of detecting for differential operation based on the information.
なお、水素イオン供給層や水素イオン拡散層、pH電極
等は既に良く知られている。Note that a hydrogen ion supply layer, a hydrogen ion diffusion layer, a pH electrode, and the like are already well known.
さて、この光機能素子による重心抽出とエッジ抽出を
説明する。Now, the center of gravity extraction and the edge extraction by the optical functional element will be described.
第２図でＸは第１図の左右方向における光受容素子層
の位置座標を表している。In FIG. 2, X represents the position coordinates of the light receiving element layer in the horizontal direction of FIG.
今、座標X1，X2の位置に第２図（Ａ）のような光強度
の光を水素イオン供給層１を介して入射させる。この場
合、重心抽出とは（X1＋X2）/2の座標位置の決定であ
り、エッジ抽出とは座標X1，X2の決定である。Now, light having a light intensity as shown in FIG. 2A is incident on the positions of the coordinates X 1 and X 2 via the hydrogen ion supply layer 1. In this case, the extraction of the center of gravity is the determination of the coordinate position of (X 1 + X 2 ) / 2, and the extraction of the edge is the determination of the coordinates X 1 and X 2 .
上記の如く光を照射すると位置X1，X2にある光受容素
子が水素イオン供給層１の水素イオンを水素イオン拡散
層３側へ搬送する。When the light is irradiated as described above, the light receiving elements at the positions X 1 and X 2 transport the hydrogen ions in the hydrogen ion supply layer 1 to the hydrogen ion diffusion layer 3 side.
搬送された水素イオンは位置X1，X2を源として水素イ
オン拡散層３中に拡散する。拡散による水素イオンのＸ
方向の濃度はX1，X2を原点とするガウス関数状であり、
時間の経過とともに広がりつつ信号処理層４へ向かって
伝達される。The transported hydrogen ions diffuse into the hydrogen ion diffusion layer 3 using the positions X 1 and X 2 as sources. X of hydrogen ion by diffusion
The density in the direction is a Gaussian function with the origin at X 1 and X 2 ,
The signal is transmitted to the signal processing layer 4 while spreading over time.
第２図（Ｂ）は伝達途上の濃度分布で、X1，X2の各位
置から拡散による濃度が重なりあっている。そして時間
が経過すると信号処理層４の検出するＸ方向の濃度分布
は第２図（Ｃ）のようになる。この第２図（Ｃ）の濃度
分布を信号処理層４で検出し、検出結果を位置Ｘに就い
て微分し（隣接する各pH電極出力の差として演算でき
る）、そのゼロクロス点の座標を求めれば重心をもとめ
ることができる。FIG. 2 (B) shows the concentration distribution in the middle of transmission, where the concentrations due to diffusion overlap from each of the positions X 1 and X 2 . When the time elapses, the density distribution in the X direction detected by the signal processing layer 4 becomes as shown in FIG. 2 (C). The concentration distribution of FIG. 2 (C) is detected by the signal processing layer 4, and the detection result is differentiated with respect to the position X (which can be calculated as the difference between adjacent pH electrode outputs) to obtain the coordinates of the zero cross point. If you can find the center of gravity.
また上記検出結果をＸに就いて２階微分すると、その
結果のゼロクロス点はX1，X2と一致するのでエッジ抽出
を行うことができる。Further, when the above detection result is second-order differentiated with respect to X, the zero cross point of the result coincides with X 1 and X 2 , so that edge extraction can be performed.
上述の実施例では光受容素子およびイオン濃度検出素
子の配列が１次元的な場合を説明したが、これらを２次
元的に配列することができることは言うまでもない。In the above-described embodiment, the case where the arrangement of the light receiving elements and the ion concentration detecting elements is one-dimensional has been described. However, it is needless to say that these can be arranged two-dimensionally.
［発明の効果］ 以上、本発明によれば新規な光機能素子を提供でき
る。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, a novel optical functional device can be provided.
この光機能素子では、バクテリオ・ロドプシンを用い
ているので光信号を水素イオンの移動として信号変換す
ることができる。In this optical functional device, since bacteriorhodopsin is used, an optical signal can be converted into a signal by moving hydrogen ions.
また信号の伝達に水素イオンの拡散を利用するので、
光受容層と信号処理層の結合強度を時間の経過に従って
半値幅の増大するガウス関数状に変化させることができ
る。従って重心抽出とエッジ抽出とを複雑な結線なしで
確実に実現できる。Also, because the diffusion of hydrogen ions is used for signal transmission,
The coupling strength between the light receiving layer and the signal processing layer can be changed in a Gaussian function in which the half width increases with time. Therefore, the extraction of the center of gravity and the extraction of the edge can be reliably realized without complicated connection.
第１図は本発明の１実施例を略示する図、第２図は実施
例による重心抽出を説明する図である。 １…水素イオン供給層、２…光受容素子層、３…水素イ
オン拡散層、４…信号処理層FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the center of gravity extraction according to the embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hydrogen ion supply layer, 2 ... Light receiving element layer, 3 ... Hydrogen ion diffusion layer, 4 ... Signal processing layer
Claims (1)
多数の光受容素子を１次元または２次元に配列した光受
容素子層と、この光受容素子層の一方の面に接する水素
イオン供給層とからなる光受容層と、 上記水素イオン供給層の接する面とは反対側の面に於い
て光受容素子層に接して設けられた水素イオン拡散層に
よる信号伝達層と、 この信号伝達層に接して設けられ、信号伝達層における
水素イオンの拡散により伝達された信号を微分演算用に
検出する信号処理層とを有し、 上記光受容素子に於けるバクテリオ・ロドプシンは、光
受容素子層に水素イオン供給層を介して光が照射された
とき、光照射部において水素イオン供給層の水素イオン
を信号伝達層側へ搬送するように配向されていることを
特徴とする、光機能素子。1. A photoreceptor element layer in which a large number of photoreceptor elements formed by orienting bacteriorhodopsin are arranged in one or two dimensions, and a hydrogen ion supply layer in contact with one surface of the photoreceptor element layer. A light receiving layer, a hydrogen ion diffusion layer provided on the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the hydrogen ion supply layer, and a hydrogen ion diffusion layer provided in contact with the light receiving element layer. A signal processing layer for detecting a signal transmitted by diffusion of hydrogen ions in the signal transmission layer for a differential operation, wherein the bacteriorhodopsin in the photoreceptor element includes hydrogen ions in the photoreceptor element layer. An optical functional element, characterized in that, when irradiated with light via a supply layer, the light irradiation section is oriented to transport hydrogen ions of a hydrogen ion supply layer to a signal transmission layer side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2124525A JP2883402B2 (en) | 1990-05-15 | 1990-05-15 | Optical function element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2124525A JP2883402B2 (en) | 1990-05-15 | 1990-05-15 | Optical function element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0419720A JPH0419720A (en) | 1992-01-23 |
| JP2883402B2 true JP2883402B2 (en) | 1999-04-19 |
Family
ID=14887645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2124525A Expired - Lifetime JP2883402B2 (en) | 1990-05-15 | 1990-05-15 | Optical function element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2883402B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9045999B2 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2015-06-02 | General Electric Company | Blade monitoring system |
| US20200126685A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2020-04-23 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Electroconductive Inorganic Filler |
-
1990
- 1990-05-15 JP JP2124525A patent/JP2883402B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0419720A (en) | 1992-01-23 |
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