JP2887565B2 - Round opening-treated wood with low strength deterioration and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lumber-opened lumber without deterioration in strength and a method for producing the same.
Modified wood, which has a high processing liquid agent absorption performance with a circular opening formed by physical processing, and has almost no strength deterioration as wood.
And its industrial mass production method,
It can be greatly used in the field of civil engineering.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, wood is impregnated with a preservative, a termite / insect repellent, a fire retardant, a waterproofing agent, or a modifier or a coloring agent such as a dye or pigment, so that the wood does not originally have any components. Proposals have been made on modified wood and colored wood to impart properties and colors.

[0003] Wood is light, strong and strong, free of cutting and joining, heat insulating, touching, durable (in a dry state), and supplied naturally because it grows in the natural environment. Although it has the advantage of being relatively stable, it has a large hygroscopic property, easily expands and contracts, and is susceptible to rot and insect damage in hot and humid conditions, and is flammable and vulnerable to fire. There are weak points peculiar to wood such as poor color change,
This is because the demand for improvement of these weaknesses has increased (Ohmsha: Sakichi Ogishi, Yoshio Kasai, Koichi Kishitani)
Co-author, "Contemporary Architectural Materials Engineering", page 61 (a) "Trainability"
reference).

[0004] By the way, conventionally, the modification processing and coloring processing of wood are generally carried out by "immersion method" in which wood is immersed in a treatment liquid and impregnated with a liquid agent, or the wood is heated at a high temperature in the treatment liquid. There is a "open tank method" in which the liquid material is impregnated and impregnated by boiling, and a "pressure injection method" in which the treatment liquid is forcibly injected into the wood at high pressure. If this is attempted, there is a problem that the energy consumption for raising the liquid temperature and the pressure becomes large and the running cost increases.

[0005] Therefore, in order to alleviate the above-mentioned difficulties of the conventional wood modification technology, the present inventors swell wood with water, heat the wood, and boil the water content in the wood structure, thereby changing the wood structure. At the same time as destroying the torus that closed the cell wall pores, the whole wood was temporarily elasticized and softened. A method of impregnating wood with a treatment liquid (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-53702) has been proposed in which impregnation is performed by history of restoration.

Indeed, using the treatment liquid impregnation method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-53702, larch, pine, spruce
It becomes possible to impregnate impervious wood such as (spruce) wood and cedar wood very efficiently with the treatment liquid. However, in this treatment liquid impregnation method, compression and volume recovery must be performed in the treatment liquid during the heat-retaining state in which the wood is elastically softened. It is difficult to separate the place of the impregnation treatment, and it is necessary to heat the whole wood at a high temperature until the whole wood softens and moisture boils inside the cell wall, so that the wood fibers are cut everywhere and the strength is lowered. Was.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned difficulties in the prior art for impregnating wood with a treatment liquid. It is a first technical problem to provide a round-opened lumber that has been destroyed and other tissue parts are kept healthy, and has a very excellent processing liquid absorption capacity with almost no reduction in strength. Things.

A second technical object of the present invention is to provide a wood capable of efficiently or inexpensively modifying or modifying weaknesses and colors inherent in wood according to the purpose of use.

A third technical object of the present invention is to provide a new method capable of industrially mass-producing round-opened lumber having a strong processing liquid absorbing power and maintaining the original strength of the lumber. It is in.

Further, a fourth technical object of the present invention is to provide an economical method capable of producing round-opened timber with simple equipment and energy saving without using large-scale equipment or large energy. To offer.

[0011]

Means adopted to solve the problem The means adopted by the present inventor to solve the above technical problem will be described as follows.

That is, according to the present invention, when the hemicellulose and lignin in the wood component whose thermal softening temperature has been lowered due to the water content are in a softened state with a history of the temperature at which the cellulose does not soften, the wood is treated as a stem. The present invention is characterized in that the first and second technical problems described above are solved by adopting a means of compressing the shaft in the radial direction with respect to the shaft to open the node with little breakage of the wood fiber.

Next, the present invention provides a process in which wood is heated to a softening temperature of lignin and hemicellulose, which are filler components in the cell wall, to selectively soften only the filler components. Use a processing means that sequentially applies low-speed lateral compression processing that continuously or intermittently slowly presses softened wood in the radial direction at a low speed to the main shaft and slowly reduces it to 40 to 70%. Thus, there is a method feature in that the above third and fourth technical problems are solved.

[0014] Incidentally, the cell wall of wood is composed of a primary wall portion composed of a thin wall derived from meristematic tissue and a secondary wall portion composed of a membrane wall formed inside the primary wall. Each of the primary wall portion and the secondary wall portion is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose forms a skeletal portion in the cell wall of wood and is involved in toughness and elasticity. Lignin and lignin are involved in the rigidity and hardness of the wood as a filler for the cell wall skeleton formed by cellulose (see Kodansha, "Encyclopedia of World Science", vol. 17, p. 209, "cell wall").

Thus, when the softening points of the cellulosic, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are the components of the cell wall of wood, are examined in relation to the moisture content of the wood, it is found that the cellulose is in a wet state. Although there is no significant difference even in the completely dry state, the temperature is 222-245 ° C, but the heat softening temperature of hemicellulose and lignin is extremely low in the wet state. For example, hemicellulose has a water content of about 100 ° C when the water content is 18%, but as the water content approaches 60%, the heat softening temperature decreases to 20 ° C, and the water content of lignin also decreases. The temperature is about 100 ° C in the case of 8%, but when the water content reaches 12% or more, the thermal softening temperature drops to 70 ° C or less (see Fig. 1).

The present invention is characterized in that the heat softening temperature of hemicellulose and lignin, which are the filling components of the cell wall tissue, is extremely lowered when the moisture content contained between the cell walls of the wood is in a predetermined state or more. Focusing on the fact that, while this hemicellulose and lignin are softened at relatively low temperature and easily deformed, when pressed slowly at a softening temperature that is continuously or intermittently reduced, the skeleton components It becomes possible to compress easily without damaging the wood fiber that cellulose is composed of, such as breaking, and
If the compression ratio is increased to 40-70%, the gas and moisture contained in the cell wall that are compressed by the compression will destroy the torus that occluded the cell wall pores of the wood tissue, and absorb the wood. It was completed through the discovery of the fact that sex was greatly improved.

[0017]

The present invention will be described below in more detail by way of examples.

Japanese cedar, larch, Japanese pine, spruce,
And cypress wood (9cm wide, 9cm thick, 100cm long)
Compression processing was performed using the square timber. The water content, compression temperature condition, and compression speed of these square bars are as follows. Moisture content Room temperature Heating temperature Compression rate Compression rate a. Cedar air-drying material (MC 15%) 20 ℃ 80 ℃ 5mm / min 60% b. Larch 30% 20 ℃ 80 ℃ 1mm / min 50% c. Bay pine 25% 20 ℃ 80 ℃ 1mm / min 40% d. Spruce 20% 20 ℃ 80 ℃ 1mm / min 70% e. Hinoki cypress raw wood (180%) 20 ℃ 80 ℃ 1mm / min 65% In this case, the heating was performed using a microwave heater (manufactured by Sharp: RE-3000 output 1kw) under normal pressure conditions.
Heated to 80 ° C by irradiating microwaves for 1 minute and maintaining this temperature, a hydraulic press (Mori Seisakusho: 10ton / cm ² capacity)
By pressing the wood in the radial direction. In addition,
Example 1 obtained by processing the cedar wood of the above a, and b above
Example 2 was obtained by processing larch wood of Example 2, Example 3 was obtained by processing spruce wood of above d, Example 4 was obtained by processing spruce wood of above d, and Hinoki wood was obtained by processing above e. The processed product is referred to as Example 5.

FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph (× 1000) of a wood structure showing a magnified section of the larch material before processing, and FIG. An electron micrograph of the wood structure (10
00 times). FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 show the state in which the cell wall of Example 2 has folds due to compression wrinkles, and the segments are broken, and the opened cell wall holes (pits) are arranged in tandem. The electron micrograph (500
Times).

In FIG. 2, the cell wall hole in the larch wood before the processing is closed by a node, but in FIG. 3 showing the second embodiment after the processing, the node is a boundary edge. It is possible to clearly observe the state in which the cell wall pore is opened by being destroyed. 4 to 6, the larch wood of Example 2 is compressed in the radial direction, and folds due to compressed wrinkles are generated along the fiber direction between the cell walls, and pits are arranged between the folds in an orderly manner. You can observe the lined up state.

[Liquid absorption test] About Example 1, dyeing solution (liquid temperature: 80 ° C) Acid dye (Patent Blue) 2 w% anhydrous sodium carbonate 1 w% crystalline sodium sulfate 10 w% water The balance Test method To verify the liquid absorption performance of Example 1 Next, cedar wood of the same size as in Example 1 having a compressibility of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 40%, and longitudinal penetration by a capillary rise method were measured for 300 minutes. FIG.
Shows the progress of longitudinal penetration measured by the capillary rise method, and FIG. 8 shows the maximum liquid absorption after 300 minutes.

According to the test results shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the first embodiment having a compression ratio of 60% has the strongest liquid absorption, and the lower the compression ratio, the lower the liquid absorption. This is presumed to be due to the fact that the deformation recovery power of the cedar wood compressed in the liquor contributes to the absorption of the liquor. In the case of cedar wood, the effect of the temperature and moisture content during compression on the subsequent liquid absorption is small, and it can be said that the liquid absorption greatly depends on the degree of compression.

2. About Example 2, a preservative treatment solution (50 ° C) JIS K 1550 CCA wood preservative solution 1.6 w% Test method To verify the liquid absorption performance of Example 2, compressibility was measured using larch wood of the same size as Example 2. Using a 40% sample as a comparison product, pre-exhaust-700 mm Hg for 30 minutes, pressurization 10 kgf / cm ² for 2 minutes
The CCA wood preservative solution was injected under pressure for 30 minutes at a time and after evacuation of -700 mm Hg. Also, in order to verify the liquid absorption performance of the larch wood of Example 2 under normal pressure conditions, the larch wood of Example 2 was suspended in the CCA wood preservative solution for 6 days to determine the degree of free permeation. The test was conducted for comparison with the case of pressure injection. The results are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.

As shown by the line B in FIG. 9, the amount of liquid permeated by free permeation decreases with increasing length, but the amount of liquid absorbed in Example 2 by pressure injection is about 520 kg / irrespective of the length.
It has become cm ^2. Also, as shown in FIG. 10, when pressure injection was performed, it was also confirmed that the liquid absorption increased somewhat as the thickness increased. 3. For Example 3, termite control solution (20 ° C) Foxime (organophosphorus insecticide) 1 w% Zinc versatate (organic acid metal salt) 1 w% Dispersant (emulsifier) 5 w% Test method Liquid absorption performance of Example 3 In order to verify the above, the pine wood having the same size as that of Example 3 having a degree of compression of 30%, 40%, and 50% and the longitudinal penetration by the capillary rise method were measured for 300 minutes. FIG.
Indicates the maximum liquid absorption after 300 minutes.

Referring to the test result table of FIG.
It can be seen that 40% to 60% of pine wood is effective as termite-treated wood. 4. For Example 4, in order to verify the liquid absorption performance of Example 4, a spruce material having the same size as that of Example 4 having a degree of compression of 0%, 40%, and 50%, and a vertical penetration of 300% by the capillary rising method were used. Minutes. FIG.
Indicates the maximum liquid absorption after 300 minutes.

[Strength Test of Wood] Even if the liquid absorption performance of the wood is greatly increased by the processing of Examples 1 to 5, the strength of the wood is not reduced. Can not achieve the purpose. Then, the present inventor conducted a strength test of the wood subjected to the processing of Examples 1 to 5 described above. 1. FIG. 13 shows a comparison of the bending strength of the cedar wood in the tangential direction and the fiber direction with respect to Example 1. FIG. 13 shows the values obtained in order to standardize the effect of the specific gravity. Determined as a value divided by the specific gravity, and the value of unprocessed material (uncompressed cedar)
It is represented by a relative value as follows.

According to FIG. 13, the strength in the fiber direction, including that of the first embodiment, tends to slightly decrease due to the compression regardless of the water content and the temperature during the compression. The extent of the decline is up to about 10%. However, in the tangential direction, the cedar wood of Example 1 (which was air-dried and laterally compressed) was clearly reduced, but the cedar wood which had been compressed (60% laterally compressed) in a saturated state was untreated. There is not much difference, or rather the strength is large. The opposite increase in strength under a large transverse compression deformation of up to 60% is a very peculiar decrease. Then, when the cause was further investigated and found, the fact of FIG. 13 was obtained. Fig. 14
Shows the relationship between specific strength and residual strength, but the increase in tangential strength shows an apparent increase due to the presence of residual deformation after recovery, and when this is almost completely recovered It was found that the strength of the cedar wood which was laterally compressed in a water-saturated state hardly decreased, whereas the strength of the cedar wood in Example 1 was reduced due to the treatment in the air-dried state.

Next, FIG. 15 shows the results of a tensile strength test in the radial direction of the partially-compressed cedar material and the fully recovered cedar material.

From the results shown in FIG. 15, it can be seen that the cedar wood still having a residual deformation after the recovery treatment has a markedly lower tensile strength than the tangential strength. However, when the state was restored to a state where there was almost no residual deformation, the strength increased, and a strength value substantially equivalent to that of the unprocessed material was recognized. Therefore, it can be said that the strength of the cedar wood that has undergone large deformation is relatively small.

The strength test for the above cedar wood was conducted according to Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention (larch wood, larch wood, spruce wood,
Hinoki wood), and the strength retention effect of the present invention confirmed through the same test is presumed to be the same for larch, bay pine, spruce, and hinoki wood.

The embodiments specifically exemplified by applying the present invention are substantially as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is described in the claims. Although various modifications are possible in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied only to cedar, larch, spruce, spruce, and hinoki, but the present invention relates to construction and civil engineering. Needless to say, it can be applied to the modification and coloring of all wood used in the field of furniture and fittings. Needless to say.

[0032]

As described above with reference to the embodiments, in the wood obtained by applying the present invention, only the nodes in the woody tissue are selectively destroyed, and the other tissue portions are in a substantially healthy state. , The strength / strength is hardly reduced, and the absorptive power of the modification treatment liquid and the coloring processing liquid is very excellent.

The wood obtained by applying the present invention is
Since the nodes are uniformly open between the cell walls, it is possible to freely select the liquid agent containing the most suitable modifying component for the purpose of modification, so that the weaknesses and colors inherent to wood can be selected. Can be efficiently or inexpensively modified or modified according to the purpose of use.

Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, low-speed compression is performed by utilizing the property that the heat softening temperature is reduced when hemicellulose or lignin, which maintains the rigidity and strength of the cell wall tissue, has a predetermined moisture content. Since the processing method is adopted, it is possible to mass-produce round opening-treated wood with relatively simple equipment and energy saving without using large-scale equipment or large energy.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to modify and color wood, which has been difficult in the past, with almost no deterioration in strength, and it can be said that its industrial utility value is extremely large. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a control graph showing the relationship between the water content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and the heat softening temperature.

FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph (× 1000) of a wood structure in which a round portion of larch wood before compression processing is enlarged.

FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph (× 1000) of a wood structure in which a state in which a circular portion is broken and opened by performing a 50% compression process on Example 2 is shown.

FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph (500) showing, in an enlarged manner, a state in which folds are formed on the cell wall of Example 2 due to compression and cell walls are broken and the opened cell wall holes (pits) are arranged in tandem.
Times).

FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph (500 ×) of the cell wall of Example 2 taken from a different angle from that of FIG. 4; FIG.

FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph (× 500) of the cell wall of Example 2 taken from a further different angle from FIG. 5, where folds are generated by compression, and a segment is broken to form an open cell wall hole. This shows a state in which they are arranged in tandem.

FIG. 7 is a comparison graph showing the results of measuring the progress of longitudinal penetration of the dyeing liquor in the dyeing liquor penetration test of the cedar material of Example 1 by a capillary rise method.

FIG. 8 is a comparative graph showing the relationship between the compressibility of the cedar wood and the maximum amount of liquid absorption in Example 1, showing the maximum amount of liquid absorption after 300 minutes of immersion in the dyeing liquor.

FIG. 9 is a comparative graph showing the results (length direction) of a liquid absorption performance test of Example 2 for larch wood.

FIG. 10 is a comparison graph showing the results (in the thickness direction) of a liquid absorption performance test of Example 2 for larch wood.

FIG. 11 is a comparative graph showing the results (length direction) of a liquid absorption performance test of Example 2 for bay pine wood.

FIG. 12 is a comparative graph showing the results (in the thickness direction) of a liquid absorption performance test of Example 2 for spruce materials.

FIG. 13 is a comparative graph comparing the verification results of the bending strength in the tangential direction and the fiber direction with respect to the compression ratio of the cedar material subjected to compression processing in Example 1 in relation to other compression ratios.

FIG. 14 is a comparative graph showing a relationship between specific intensity and residual intensity in Example 1.

FIG. 15 is a comparative graph showing the results of a tensile strength test in the radial direction for the partially recovered and fully recovered cedar transverse compression-processed materials in Example 1.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-201504 (JP, A) JP-A-6-99406 (JP, A) JP-A 5-169405 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B27K 5/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] (1) When the hemicellulose and lignin in the wood component whose thermal softening temperature has been lowered due to water content softens and the cellulose does not soften, and the hemicellulose and lignin are in a softened state, A knot-opened lumber with reduced strength deterioration, characterized in that the wood is compressed in the radial direction with respect to the trunk axis, and the knot is opened with little breakage of the wood fiber. 2. The lumber-opened wood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wood is hardly permeable wood such as larch, pine, spruce, cedar and the like. 3. Wood, which is radially compressed with respect to the trunk axis and has a circular opening, is immersed in a termite-controlling liquid to smoothly absorb the liquid through the circular joint and absorb the liquid. 3. The lumber-opened lumber of claim 1 or 2, wherein the lumber can be restored and expanded. 4. The water-containing wood is heated to a temperature at which the hemicellulose and lignin in the component soften and the cellulose does not soften, and the wood is trunked while the hemicellulose and lignin are in a softened state. A circular section characterized in that the circular section can be opened without deteriorating the strength of the wood by slowly or continuously pressing the shaft slowly at a low speed in the radial direction and slowly reducing it to 40 to 70%. Manufacturing method of open-ended wood. 5. After adjusting larch, spruce or spruce to a water content of 20 to 30%, the whole is heated to soften hemicellulose and lignin in the wood component, thereby softening the cellulose. Heating to a temperature that does not cause the hemicellulose and lignin to soften selectively, and the wood in this heat-softened state is reduced to 40-70% in the radial direction with respect to the main shaft at a compression deformation rate of about 1 mm / min. A method for producing a lumber-opened lumber, characterized in that a circular joint is opened by lowering the lumber without deteriorating the strength of the lumber.