JP2909286B2 - Good quality ripening of compost - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for ripening compost of good quality. More specifically, 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-
The present invention relates to a method of adding ureido hexahydropyrimidine and dry blood, or a high-temperature alkalophilic bacterium to the compost together with the urea hexahydropyrimidine to make the compost good-quality maturation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It has been known that compost comprising rice straw, wheat straw and the like has been known to improve the physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties of field soil, and to stably increase crop yield and fertilize the soil. Farmers usually apply compost to make soil. At present, a technique of mechanically composting using various materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, bark sawdust, and livestock manure has been established to some extent.

[0003]

However, there has been little research on the good quality maturation of compost using microorganisms, and detailed research on the relationship between various fertilizers and good quality maturation of compost has been conducted. Not done.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have paid attention to the involvement of alkalophilic microorganisms since fermentation of compost proceeds in an alkaline manner, and studied on good quality maturation of compost using alkalophilic microorganisms. . We also studied the effects of various fertilizers on the maturity of compost. As a result, 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine and dry blood, which are known as slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, or dry blood, or a high-temperature alkalophilic bacterium is further added to the compost to ferment the compost, thereby improving the quality of the compost. It has been found that ripening can be achieved, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing 2-oxo-4
-Methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine and dry blood, or a fermentation method by adding a high-temperature alkalophilic bacterium and fermentation together with them to ferment the compost.

[0006] The compost to be used in the present invention may be any compost generally known to those skilled in the art. Usually, various materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, bark sawdust and livestock manure are naturally deposited or mechanically treated. This is compost obtained by conventional methods. 2-oxo-4-methyl-added to compost
6-Ureidohexahydropyrimidine is widely used as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and has a molecular weight of 172.
Is a non-hygroscopic ureide compound, and a commercially available product can be used as it is. The amount of 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine added to compost is usually 1.0 to 3.0% by weight, preferably 2.0%.
~ 2.5% by weight. The addition time is not particularly limited, and may be any time. For example, it can be added at the first time of natural deposition as compost, or several months to several years after natural deposition. Similarly, when compost is produced mechanically, it can be added at the initial stage or after several months to several years after fermentation after production.

[0007] Dry blood used together with 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine is also commonly used as a nitrogen fertilizer, and any type may be used. Protein nitrogen dry blood and the like can be exemplified. The amount of dry blood added to compost is usually 1.5 to 3.5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 1.
8% by weight. The time of addition is 2-oxo-4-methyl-
As in the case of 6-ureidohexyhydropyrimidine, it may be added together or at another time.

[0008] By adding 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine and dry blood to compost, when the resulting compost is applied to the soil of a crop, the effect of promoting the growth of seedlings of the crop is improved. Play. In addition, it is effective for controlling disease of crops, and particularly effective for controlling cucumber vine disease. Furthermore, the present invention has the effect of improving the values of the carbon / nitrogen ratio, base substitution capacity (CEC), and humic acid content, which are indicators of the progress of maturation of compost. In addition, an effect of increasing the number of thermophilic microorganisms in the compost which is considered to be deeply involved in the fermentation of the compost is also exerted.

In the present invention, 2-oxo-4-methyl-6 is used.
-Thermophilic alkalophilic bacteria may be added together with ureido hexahydropyrimidine and dry blood. Examples of such bacteria include bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus.
acillus licheniformis (IFO
-14026). When actually adding these fungi, a culture solution of the fungi is added to the compost. The addition amount of the bacterium is usually 5 to 20% by volume, preferably 10 to 20% by volume as a culture solution. The time of addition of the bacteria is the same as in the case of 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine or dry blood. When the resulting compost is applied to crop soil by adding fungi,
It is effective for controlling disease of crops, especially controlling cucumber vine disease. In other aspects, good results can be obtained in the maturation of compost.

In order to ferment the compost by adding the nitrogen fertilizer or the high-temperature alkalophilic bacterium described in detail above, the compost may be naturally deposited for a few months to several years by a usual method. Alternatively, the fermentation may be performed by depositing on a fermentation layer.

[0011]

As described above, according to the present invention, the compost can be ripened with good quality. When the compost obtained according to the present invention is applied to crops, it can promote the growth of seedlings and can effectively control diseases such as cucumber vine wilt, and its significance to agriculture and the like is extremely deep.

[0012]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. Example <Maturation of compost> Synthetic organic slow-release nitrogen fertilizer 2-oxo-4-
Methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine (hereinafter referred to as C
DU) and animal protein nitrogen dry
Effect of nitrogen source mixed with blood on ripening of bark 1
2kg of bark compost of Soviet larch naturally deposited every year
(Water content 67%), as a nitrogen source, CDU55.5
g, chicken feces 34 g, CDU 44.5 g, dry blood 34 g,
34 g of chicken dung and 34 g of chicken dung were added. In addition to the nitrogen source, 20 g of lime superphosphate and 20 g of rice bran were added. These barks are 30cm in diameter and 12cm deep
Was put in an enamel can, covered, and fermented in a 50 ° C. incubator for 2 months.

B. A high-temperature alkalophilic bacterium Bac
illus licheniformis (IFO-1
4026) against the ripening of bark compost
B. to the processing of the impact A to licheniform
350 ml of the shaking culture of is was added. In the control section (section only with chicken dung), 350 ml of water was added. The method of fermentation is the same as A. C. Medium-scale fermentation test To 7 tons of bark compost of Soviet larch naturally deposited for one year, 156 kg of CDU, 119 kg of dry blood, and 1,500 kg of dried chicken manure were added as nitrogen sources. In addition to the nitrogen source, 70 kg of lime superphosphate and rice bran were added. These barks are mixed well with a shovel and have a frontage of 3.5
m, a fermentation layer having a depth of 3.0 m was fermented. <Test method> (1) pH, EC, CEC, and the number of thermophilic microorganisms were examined in the course of ripening by the following method. a), pH and EC were measured using each meter. b), CEC: Performed by the semi-micro Schöllenberger method. c) Number of thermophilic microorganisms: Microorganisms were separated by a dilution plate method. The compost used was a sample collected from a depth of 40 cm, and the culture temperatures were 28 ° C. and 50 ° C.

(2) The influence on the growth of cucumber seedlings was investigated. Flood-stacked soil (N: P: K = 0.013: 0.031:
(0.056%, CEC = 4.76me / 100g) 50 g of the test compost was mixed per liter and packed in a clay pot having a diameter of 15 cm, and 10 cucumber seeds were sown per pot. The fertilizer used was 100 mg of N, P, and K per liter of soil according to the Takahashi soil test method. The survey was performed 30 days after sowing, and three repetitions of 10 pots in each section were performed. (3) The effect of fermented bark compost on the occurrence of cucumber wilt was investigated. Inoculation of 200 ml of cucumber vine wilt fungus cultured with shaking per 5 liters of flood-laden soil was performed.
One day later, 1 g of this contaminated soil was mixed with 50 g of test compost and filled in a clay pot having a diameter of 15 cm. 10 seeds of cucumber (cultivar: blue long four-leaf) seeds were sowed per pot of this unglazed pot and the number of withered and dead individuals was checked to determine the disease incidence. In the experiment, five pots were used for each section, and N, P, and K were each used at 100 mg / liter (soil) for compost application soil that was repeated three times at different times. On the other hand, in order to examine the fermentation effect of CDU, CDU was added to the nitrogen-added fermentation compost applied soil in place of the chemical fertilizer so that the nitrogen content was 100 mg / liter (soil). In order to examine the effects of chemical fertilizer and CDU on disease outbreak, the two were compared in contaminated soil. (4) C / N is an NC analyzer (Sumigraph NC-8)
0). (5) Ammonium nitrogen was measured by a potassium chloride leaching method.

<Test Results> (1) Fluctuations in pH, EC and CEC The fluctuations in pH and EC when ripened by the methods A, B and C are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CE
The variation of C is shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, respectively. In the case of ripening by the method of A, the fluctuation in pH and EC was the lowest in the control compost, and the highest in the compost using CDU and dry blood as the nitrogen source. The CEC was almost the same up to the first month of fermentation, but the difference was clearly observed at the second month, with the highest compost using CDU and dry blood as the nitrogen source. In the case of B, the changes in pH, EC and CEC with the number of fermentation days show the same tendency as A, and B. lichenifor
There was little change due to the addition of mis. In the case of C,
Variations in pH and EC were caused by mixing chicken dung with bark.
Rose quickly and remained neutral thereafter. The addition of CDU does not affect the sharp rise in bark pH,
The pH in the first month of fermentation was neutral, and the compost in the second month was weakly acidic. On the other hand, EC was higher in chicken manure-added bark compost, and fluctuated between 1.7 to 1.9 ms / cm, and CDU-added bark compost showed a tendency to increase with the number of fermentation days. 1.3 ms / cm. CEC
For bark compost using CDU as a nitrogen source, the value was higher.

(2) Changes in the Number of Bacteria of High-Temperature Microorganisms Changes in the number of bacteria of high-temperature microorganisms when ripened by the methods A, B and C are shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, respectively. In case A, thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes increased according to the number of days of fermentation, while filamentous fungi showed a tendency to decrease. Also,
The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes were CDU + dry blood>CDU> control. In the case of B, the transition of the high temperature microorganisms accompanying the fermentation also showed the same tendency as in the case of A. B. lichenifo
There was no increase in the bacterial count with the addition of rmis. In the case of C, the change in the bacterial count of the high-temperature microorganisms was that filamentous fungi were often detected in bark compost with chicken dung, and actinomycetes and bacteria were detected in bark compost with CDU.

(3) Effect on growth of cucumber seedlings The effects of ripening by the methods A and B are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively. In the case of A, leaf number, plant height, above-ground dry weight and root dry weight were examined.
U + dry blood fermentation compost is the best, next is CDU section.
The order of the control group was as follows. In the case of B, the same CDU as the result of A
+ Dry blood>CDU> Control was better in this order. B. lic
The effect of the addition of C. heniformis was not significantly observed.

(4) Influence on the occurrence of cucumber wilt disease The effects of ripening by methods A and B, respectively, are as follows:
12 and FIG. 13 show the results in the case of FIG.
It was shown to. In the case of A and B, as for the effect on the occurrence of cucumber wilt, in the plot using a compost fermented by adding a nitrogen source such as CDU, the effect of reducing the disease was observed. B. The compost treated with L. licheniformis tended to be slightly less sick than the untreated compost. On the other hand, when CDU is added to the compost after fermentation, C
The disease was more intense than compost fermented by adding DU, and no significant reduction effect was observed. However, the disease was less intense than the use of chemical fertilizer. In addition, when examining the effects of chemical fertilizers and CDU on the pathogenesis in contaminated soil, CDU was clearly lower in pathogenesis. In the case of C, a remarkable reduction effect on the onset of cucumber wilt was observed in the plot using compost fermented with CDU. The plot using the compost fermented with chicken manure showed a reduction in the incidence of disease compared to the plot without compost, but was much inferior to the CDU compost.

(5) Fluctuation of C / N and ammonium nitrogen The fluctuation of C / N and ammonium nitrogen when ripened by the method of C is shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

As can be seen from Table 1, total carbon seemed to decrease with the number of days of fermentation, and total nitrogen was vice versa. In addition, ammonium nitrogen increased in accordance with the number of days of fermentation similarly to total nitrogen.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows p when matured by the method A described in Examples.
H and EC fluctuations are shown.

FIG. 2 shows changes in pH and EC when ripened by the method of B.

FIG. 3 shows changes in pH and EC when ripened by the method of C.

FIG. 4 shows the variation of CEC when ripened by the method of A.

FIG. 5 shows the variation of CEC when ripened by the method of B.

FIG. 6 shows the variation of CEC when ripened by the method of C.

FIG. 7 shows changes in the number of high-temperature microorganisms when ripened by the method A.

FIG. 8 shows the change in the number of high-temperature microorganisms when ripened by the method of B.

FIG. 9 shows the change in the number of high-temperature microorganisms when ripened by the method C.

FIG. 10 shows the effect on the growth of cucumber seedlings when ripened by the method of A.

FIG. 11 shows the effect of ripening by the method of B on the growth of cucumber seedlings.

FIG. 12 shows the effect of ripening by methods A and B on the occurrence of cucumber wilt.

FIG. 13 shows the effect of ripening by the method C on the occurrence of cucumber wilt.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] (1) 2-oxo-4-methyl-6 is added to compost.
A method for ripening compost of good quality, comprising fermenting ureido hexahydropyrimidine and dry blood. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a high-temperature alkalophilic bacterium is added together with 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine and dry blood. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thermophilic alkalophilic bacterium is Bacillus.
3. The method for ripening compost of good quality according to claim 2, which is L. licheniformis .