JP2913676B2 - Music control device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly, to a musical tone control device for an electronic musical instrument suitable for simulating a bowed musical instrument playing using a movable playing member such as a bow. About.

[Background Art] Violin, viola, cello, contrabass and the like are known as bowing instruments of natural instruments that perform using a bow. There are also miniature sizes for each.
Hereinafter, description will be given mainly by taking a violin as an example.

Conventionally, as an electric violin, the body of the natural instrument violin was omitted, the bow of the natural instrument was used, the strings of the natural instrument were stretched, the strings were rubbed with the bow, the vibration of the strings was picked up by the pickup, and the electric signal was used as an electric signal. Some processed and output sound.

The electric violin performs the same operation as a natural musical instrument as a playing method, actually performs string rubbing, and first generates a sound due to vibration of the string.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In general, bowing (stringed) instruments require a great deal of effort to learn how to play them. Therefore, if an electronic bowing instrument that employs the same string and bow playing method as that of a natural musical instrument as described above is to be created, a great deal of effort will be required to learn the playing technique as with a natural musical instrument. Become.

Vibrato, one of the violin's distinctive playing techniques, requires many years of training to learn, and is one of the most difficult playing techniques for beginners of violin playing.

However, without vibrato, only the violin would be damaged.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical tone control device that allows a beginner who has not practiced to easily play a certain characteristic playing style.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a musical tone control device capable of selecting a certain characteristic playing style support function according to the proficiency of a performance.

[Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, a musical tone element control detecting means is provided together with a pitch specifying means, and in the case of a natural musical instrument, musical tone elements such as advanced playing techniques which require a lot of practice are controlled. .

According to one embodiment of the present invention, for example, FIG.
(C), FIG. 3 (A), (B), FIG. 4 (A)-
(C), with reference to FIGS. 5 (A) to (C), a rod (24)
A main body (20) having a string equivalent part (31), a movable playing member (40) for a player to play while holding the hand in opposition to the string equivalent part of the main body, and a string equivalent part. Relative motion detecting means (37, 65, 78, 80) for detecting a relative motion between the movable playing member and the movable playing member and generating a relative motion mode detection signal;
Pitch specifying means (50, 5) provided on the surface of the rod for detecting a player's operation for specifying the pitch of a generated musical tone
Music element control detecting means (55,57,1) for detecting a player's operation for controlling a musical element of a generated musical tone provided on the back surface of the rod portion facing the pitch specifying means.
59, 66, 67, 68), a tone control means for controlling a tone element of a tone generated based on the relative movement mode detection signal, and a detection result of the pitch designation means and a tone element detection control means ( 2) is provided.

[Action] A great deal of practice is required to learn how to play a bowing instrument. In a violin-type musical instrument, a vibrato that changes a string length by swinging a finger using a fingering of a designated pitch and thereby changes a pitch is technically advanced and extremely difficult for a beginner. However, it is easy to slightly press other vacant fingers such as the thumb.

In an electronic musical instrument, various musical effects can be given to a musical tone by signal processing of an electric signal or the like, taking advantage of the advantage. These processes can be specified simply by operating a switch.

With a natural musical instrument, playing techniques such as vibrato, which require a great deal of practice, can be commanded very easily by signal processing, and even beginners can perform at a high level. When the pitch specifying means is provided on the front surface of the rod and the tone element control detecting means is provided on the back surface, the tone element control detecting means can be easily operated during the performance.

Embodiment FIGS. 1A and 1B show a basic configuration of an electronic bowed musical instrument. FIG. 1A shows an overall schematic configuration. In the input unit 1, a performance parameter can be input by a player performing various operations. Typically, a performance is performed by organically connecting a movable performance member such as a bow to a musical instrument main body and moving them relatively. Representative examples of various performance parameters include, for example, the direction of movement of the bow, the position where the bow of the first bow, the former bow, etc., and the bow, the speed of the bow, the pressure on the bow strings, the pitch (sound) specified on the fingerboard. High), the tone is shown. In addition to these, parameters such as the position of the string hit by the bow and the angle of the bow may be provided. The tone signal forming circuit 2 forms a tone signal based on these performance parameters. Although the tone signal is a digital signal, it is converted into an analog signal by the D / A converter 3 and is output as a tone from the speaker 5 via the amplifier 4.

FIG. 1 (B) shows an example of a basic configuration of a main part of the tone signal forming circuit 2 shown in FIG. 1 (A).

This is a non-linear tone synthesis circuit that models a bowed bowed string instrument, but includes a non-linear function part NL11 that approximates the friction characteristics between the strings and the bow, and delay parts Delay13 and 18 that approximates the characteristics of the strings.
And filter units 12, 14, and 19. The delay unit and the filter unit, whose string characteristics are approximated, are divided into a piece side and a peg side from the rubbing point, and therefore have both parts. In the example of FIG. 1B, the non-linear portion is constituted by a non-linear function 11 and a low-pass filter 12.
The delay circuit 13 and the low-pass filter 14 approximate the characteristics of the string on the piece side, and the delay circuit 18 and the low-pass filter 19 approximate the characteristics of the string on the pincushion side. Of course, by changing these characteristics, it is also possible to view the circuits 13 and 14 on the thread winding side and the circuits 18 and 19 on the piece side.

The non-linear function 11 approximates the friction characteristic between the string and the bow as described above, and is, for example, a function as shown in FIG. 1 (C). The friction characteristics are determined by the pressure of the bow and the like. Since the maximum static friction force is large and determines its properties, this nonlinear function is also a function whose size, shape, and the like are controlled by the pressure of the bow.

In the actual operation of FIG. 1B, the output of the non-linear circuit 11 that approximates the characteristics of the strings of the bowed bowed instrument corresponds to the peg side and the piece side of the strings. 2 shown in
Input to two circuits. The circuit corresponding to the string side of the string shown on the left side includes a delay circuit 18 and a low-pass filter 19, corresponding to the operation in which the vibration transmitted through the string is reflected at the fingering position on the fingerboard and returns to the bowed portion, The output is fed back to the nonlinear circuit 11. Also, the piece side of the string shown on the right
And a low-pass filter 14, and the output of the nonlinear circuit 11
Return to. Another low-pass filter 12 is connected between the input and output of the non-linear circuit 11, and feedback for controlling the gain is applied.

The pitch of the musical sound is determined by adjusting the delay time of the delay circuits 13 and 18 in accordance with the fingering position on the fingerboard. The speed and pressure of the bow are input to a tone signal forming circuit as parameters for tone generation. For example, the timbre (overtone composition) can be changed by the bow speed, and the volume and timbre can be changed by the pressure.

Thus, the circuit of FIG. 1 (B) simulates a musical sound caused by the vibration of the strings of the bowing instrument. Fig. 1 (B)
The output of this circuit is further supplied to the D / A converter 3 shown in FIG. 1A through a filter circuit or the like (not shown).

2A to 2C show the appearance of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows a side view of the musical instrument main body, and FIG. 2B shows a front view of the musical instrument main body.

Although the main body of the musical instrument has substantially the same shape as the violin of a natural musical instrument, various simplifications may be made since it is not necessary to actually vibrate or resonate the strings. The rod portion 24 extends upward and continues to the thread winding portion 22 and the spiral portion 21. Rod
A fingerboard 23 is provided on the front side of 24. Pressing the fingerboard with a finger generates a pitch signal that determines the pitch. Like the violin of a natural musical instrument, upper pieces 29 and pieces 30 are formed at positions supporting both ends of the strings, and a bowed portion 31 to be played with a bow is formed near the pieces 30. A tail piece 32 is provided below the piece 30. In the case of a natural musical instrument, a body 25 serving as a resonator is formed by a front plate 26, a side plate 27, and a back plate 28. Torso
25 has a corner 39 and an F-shaped hole 35 as well as a natural musical instrument. Place the chin on the chin
Is provided. Parts corresponding to the strings and the resonator may be arbitrarily changed or omitted.

As described above, the bowing instrument main body is configured to have almost the same form as the natural bowing instrument main body, but the strings are not actually stretched, and the stringing portion 31 has a friction member equivalent to a string. Is provided. In the vicinity of the string equivalent section 31, an equivalent movement detecting means 37 including a light receiving section, a light emitting section, a reflecting section, and the like is provided to detect a relative movement of the bow.

FIG. 2C shows the bow. The bow body 40 is the part 44 of the first bow,
It has an original bow portion 46, a grip portion 42, and the like. In the case of a natural musical instrument, a portion to which hair is to be stretched is not actually stretched, and is formed of a member such as plastic.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show the structure of the rod portion. FIG. 3A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 3B is a transverse sectional view.

In the violin of the natural musical instrument, four strings are stretched on the fingerboard on the front side of the rod portion. In the electronic musical instrument according to the present embodiment, the pitch specifying means 50 corresponding to the strings is provided. That is, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the fingerboard 23 is provided with four pairs of a buried resistance wire 51 and a conductive wire 53 thereon. Conductive wire
When the 53 is pressed, the conductive wire 53 is deformed as shown in FIG. 4 (A) and comes into contact with the resistance wire 51.

A vibrato switch 59 including a fixed contact member 55 and a movable contact member 57 is provided on the back side of the rod portion 24.

FIG. 3B shows the structure of the rod portion 24 in a cross section. Fingerboard 23
On the upper side, four sets of pitch designation means 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d are provided in parallel, each of which is provided with a resistance wire 51a, 51b, 51d.
c, 51d and the conductive wires 53a, 53b, 53c, 53d, and further covers the conductive wires 53a, 53b, 53c, 53d, and the insulating materials 54a, 54b,
54c and 54d are provided. The vibrato switch 59 provided on the lower side of the rod 24 is configured as a wide and longitudinal switch as each other, and is designed so that the thumb can be used to operate the vibrato switch 59 when any finger of any string is operated. I have. In the pitch designation means 50 and the vibrato switch 59, the resistance wire 51 and the conductive wire 53
And between the movable contact member 57 and the fixed contact member 55 are basically hollow. The insulating spacer member is sandwiched in one part for support at the time of opening.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C show the pitch specifying means 50 in more detail. In FIG. 4 (A), when the player operates the finger on the fingerboard 23 and presses the conductive wire 53 corresponding to the string, the conductive wire 53 comes into contact with the resistive member 51 thereunder, and the potential signal at the point where the contact is made Etc. are taken out.

The signal extraction circuit is, for example, shown in FIG.
It can be configured as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4 (B), the resistance wire 51 is connected between a predetermined potential and the ground potential, and forms a potential distribution depending on the position. When the conductive wire 53 comes into contact with the resistance wire 51, the potential at the contact point is taken out via the buffer circuit 61 and the analog / digital (A / D) conversion circuit 62 to generate a pitch signal.

FIG. 4C shows another embodiment. The resistance wire 51 and the conductive wire 53 are connected in series and connected to a resistance value detection circuit 64. When the conductive wire 53 is pushed out and the extruded portion comes into contact with the resistance wire 51, the portion of the resistance wire 51 below the contact point is short-circuited, and the resistance value is determined by the portion of the resistance wire 51 above the contact point. The resistance value that is reduced corresponding to the contact point is input to the resistance value detection circuit 64. At this time, if the wires 51 and 53 are short-circuited at a plurality of locations, the position near the side 64 is read. Further, a pitch signal is generated based on the resistance value.

Although two circuit formats for forming a pitch signal from the position where the finger presses the chord equivalent portion on the fingerboard have been described, other circuit formats may be used.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C show examples of the configuration of a vibrato switch 59 for electrically implementing vibrato, which is a characteristic playing style of violin. Fig. 5 (A)
When the lower surface of the rod portion 24 is pressed with a finger, the possible contact member 59 forming the movable contact of the switch comes into contact with the fixed contact member 55 forming the fixed contact. By detecting this contact and generating a vibrato signal, the vibrato is multiplied with the generated musical sound.

FIGS. 5B and 5C show two circuit configurations for detecting contact between the fixed contact member 55 and the movable contact member 57. FIG. As shown in FIG. 5 (B), the fixed contact member 55 and the movable contact member 57
May be formed of a conductor. When the movable contact member 57 is pressed and brought into contact with the fixed contact member 55, the movable contact of the on / off switch comes into contact with the fixed contact to close the circuit, and the on / off detection circuit 66 turns on / off the switch 59. To detect. A vibrato signal is generated based on the detection of ON.

FIG. 5C is a circuit for generating a signal of the position of the rod pressed by the finger in addition to the on / off state. The fixed contact member is formed of a resistance member 55a, and a predetermined voltage is applied between both ends. The movable contact member is formed of a conductive member 57a, and extracts the potential at the contact point by being pressed by the resistance member 55a. The potential of the extracted contact point is stored in the buffer circuit 67, A / D
Retrieved via converter 68 to generate an output signal. The output signals include a signal related to turning on / off the vibrato and a signal indicating which part of the vibrato switch is being pressed with the thumb.

The vibrato switch may be disturbed to the vibrato player, so the vibrato switch can be released. In this case, the player can apply vibrato by actually swinging the position of the finger on the fingerboard.

FIG. 6 (A) schematically shows a performance by bowing. Piece
A performance is performed by moving the bow 40 against the bowed portion 31 near 30. The stringed portion 31 is provided with string equivalent members 71, 72, 73, 74 corresponding to the four strings. The bow body 40 is moved by hitting one of the string equivalent members. . Here, the parameters for determining the generated musical sound include the moving speed, moving direction, contact position, and the like of the bow 40. In order to obtain such information, the bow body 40 or the string equivalent members 71, 72 of the bowed portion 31,
Signal generation means and signal detection means are provided near 73 and 74 to detect the movement of the bow 40.

There are various methods for detecting the relative movement of the bow body 40 with respect to the instrument body.

In the first method, a member that is electrically coupled to the instrument body and the bow is provided to form a resonance circuit or the like, and the mutual inductance and capacitance between the bow and the instrument body are used. Since the signal corresponding to the degree of coupling between the bow and the instrument body can be extracted,
Relative motion can be detected. However, the detection range may be narrow or the detection accuracy may be insufficient in the connection between a pair of members.

The second of the detection methods is a method in which a plurality of elements are provided on a bow to be moved and selectively coupled to elements on a musical instrument main body.

 FIGS. 6B, 6C and 6D show examples.

In FIG. 6 (B), a plurality of light emitting elements 80
-I, provided with a light receiving element 78 on the instrument body, to detect which light emitting element the light receiving element 78 is receiving,
It is to determine which part of the bow is hit.
Also, by measuring how many light pulses are incident within a unit time, the moving speed of the bow 40 can be determined.

FIG. 6C shows a case where the bow 40 is provided with a plurality of light receiving elements 78-i. The operation in FIG. 6 (C) is only the reverse of that in FIG. 6 (B), and will not be described here.

The transmission and reception of these signals can be performed not only by optical signals but also by ultrasonic waves or the like.

FIG. 6 (D) shows an example in which both the light emitting element 80 and the light receiving element 78 are provided on the instrument body, and a plurality of reflection patterns 65-i are provided on the bow 40. The reflection pattern 65-i is formed at a constant period, and the ratio of the black and white pattern changes with the position. Although the reflection pattern is illustrated as protruding from the surface, a black and white pattern may be actually formed on a plane by printing or the like. The light receiving element 78 and the light emitting element 80 are arranged side by side in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

Light is emitted from the light emitting element 80 on the instrument body to the reflection pattern 65-i on the bow 40, and the reflected light is detected by the light receiving element 78.
The bow speed can be measured by detecting the number of pulses of the light receiving signal within a unit time, and the contact position of the bow 40 can be measured by detecting the ratio between the high level period and the low level period of the light receiving signal. A barcode may be configured with a black and white pattern to represent position information. Also, conversely, a light emitting / receiving element may be provided on the bow and a reflection pattern may be provided on the main body.

FIGS. 7A to 7D show structural examples of the bow in the cases of FIGS. 6B and 6C.

FIG. 7 (A) shows the appearance of the bow body 40 as viewed from a bowed surface or a sliding surface. A sliding plate 76 is provided on the bowed surface that contacts the lower surface of the bow 40. The sliding plate 76 corresponds to the hair of a natural musical instrument, and is formed of a suitable sliding comfort, such as plastic.

FIG. 7 (B) is a perspective view showing only the slide plate 76. A plurality of windows 69-i for exposing a plurality of photoelectric elements 78-i to 80-i are formed. It is desirable that the thickness of this slide plate be appropriate so that a plurality of photoelectric elements 80 do not correspond to a single photoelectric element 78, that is, only the opposing 78, 80 corresponds.

FIG. 7 (C) shows a longitudinal sectional view of the bow body 40. A printed board 70 is provided on the support member 75, and a plurality of light emitting diodes 80-i are arranged on the printed board 70. The lens portion of the light guide member 79 faces the plurality of light emitting diodes 80-i. A plurality of depressions 77-i are provided on the upper surface of the light guide member 79, and serve as position guide grooves for the slide plate 76. That is, the light emitted from each light emitting diode 80-i passes through the lens portion of the light guide member 79, and is emitted as a separate light flux from the window 69-i of the slide plate 76.

As shown in FIG. 7 (D), the sliding plate 76 may have a shape 76 'in which both sides are expanded. The reduction in the contact area reduces the frictional force and improves the slip.

Although an example in which a plurality of light emitting diodes are laid on the bow 49 has been described, a plurality of light receiving elements (for example, photodiodes and phototransistors) may be used instead of the plurality of light emitting diodes as shown in FIG. 6 (C). May be spread. Further, a plurality of light emitting element and light receiving element pairs may be provided in the plurality of bows corresponding to the respective windows 69-i so that light is reflected at the bowed portion. In addition, a magnetic field can be used instead of light using a magnet and a coil. Instead of transmitting and receiving a signal by light, as described above, it is also possible to use a proximity switch using a change in capacitance or inductance, or use an ultrasonic wave as a medium. Any other method that can detect the movement of the bow 40 can be used.

8 (A) and 8 (B) show the bowed portion near the piece of the instrument main body.
31 shows an example of the structure. FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the bowed portion 31 near the bridge. String equivalent members 71, 72, 73, 74 are provided immediately above the piece 30, and a light receiving member 78-is provided between the string equivalent members 72 and 73.
i is formed.

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the light receiving section. The light receiving element 78 is embedded between the string equivalent members 72 and 73. An infrared filter 47 is provided above the buried element 78, and transmits only infrared light of a certain wavelength. A light guide member 48 such as an acrylic resin transmits infrared light of a certain wavelength that has passed through the infrared filter 47 further downward. A light receiving element 78 is arranged at a position for receiving infrared light emitted from the light emitting surface of the light guide member 48. A plurality of such light receiving structures are arranged along string equivalent members 72 and 73 as shown in FIG. 8 (A). 4
Although one set of light receiving elements is provided for the strings, for example, even when the bow 40 rubs the strings 71 or 74 at both ends, light from the bow 40 can be detected by the central light receiving element. Of course, four sets of light receiving elements may be provided corresponding to each string.

In order to detect the bow speed signal and the bow position signal, the light receiving element must be 1
Individuals are fine. In that case, in order to reliably detect the light, it is preferable that the shape be elongated along the string equivalent member. As shown in FIG. 8 (A), by arranging a plurality of strings, it is possible to detect which part of the chord is rubbed by the bow. The tone color and the like can be controlled by the string position in response to the performance of a person having advanced technology. Further, even if a player with a low level of skill in the art cannot play the bow correctly, the light emitted from the bow 40 can be detected by any of the light receiving elements to generate a musical sound. Further, by detecting the direction of the bow body 40, it is possible to give a performance evaluation to the player.

FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C show a bow speed detecting circuit. In FIG. 9 (A), the bow speed detecting circuit 85 outputs light from the bow body 40 having a plurality of light emitting elements 80-i as shown in FIG. 6 (B). A light receiving signal 81 formed by receiving light with the light receiving element 78-i as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the counter 83 counts high-speed pulses generated from the high-speed oscillator 82, and sends the count to the latch 84. The light reception signal 81 is sent to flip-flops 86 and 87. The output of the flip-flop 87 is ANDed with the output of the flip-flop 86 via the differentiating circuit 88 and supplied to the R input of the counter 83. Therefore, the counter 83 is reset by each light receiving signal pulse, and starts a new count. The output of the flip-flop 87 is also supplied to a latch 84. Therefore, the number of count pulses between the light receiving signal pulses is output from the latch 84. The number of count pulses increases as the bow moves slowly. The output of latch 84 is an inverse conversion circuit
It is sent to 89, from which the bow speed signal is output.

FIG. 9 (B) is a waveform chart for explaining the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 9 (A). Consider the case where the bow is moving at a constant speed. The light receiving element supplies a pulsed light receiving signal 81 at regular intervals. Between adjacent pulses of the light receiving signal 81, the counter 83 counts high-speed pulses from the high-speed oscillator 82 and increases the count value. When the next light receiving signal pulse is input, the counter 83 is reset, and the maximum value of the counter output is stored in the latch 84. If the moving speed of the bow 40 is high, the interval between the light receiving signal pulses becomes short, and the latched counter output becomes small. If the moving speed of the bow becomes slow, the interval between the light receiving signal pulses becomes long, and the latched counter output becomes large. Thus, the movement speed of the bow 40 and the latched counter output have an inversely proportional relationship.

FIG. 9 (C) shows the input / output characteristics of the inverse conversion circuit for performing such conversion. The moving speed of the bow is obtained from the counter output latched by the inverse conversion circuit 89 and supplied as a bow speed signal.

FIG. 10 shows another example of the bow speed detecting circuit. A light receiving signal 81 obtained by detecting light from a bow having a plurality of light emitting elements by a light receiving element on the main body is supplied to an integrating circuit 91. The integration circuit 91 integrates the input signal and forms an output corresponding to the number of pulses. That is, if the bow 40 moves quickly, many pulses are input with it, and the output of the integration circuit 91 increases quickly. The output of the integrating circuit 91 is supplied to a differentiating circuit 92. The integrating circuit 92 differentiates the output of the integrating circuit 91 to supply a bow speed signal corresponding to the rate of increase in the number of input pulses. That is, if the bow moves faster, the number of input pulses per unit time increases, the output of the integrating circuit increases rapidly, and the output from the differentiating circuit 92 increases. Conversely, if the bow moves slowly, the increase of the integrating circuit 91 becomes slow, and the output of the differentiating circuit 92 becomes small.

FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C show examples of a bow speed detecting circuit using time division.

FIG. 11A conceptually shows light emitted from the bow 40.
For example, 64 LEDs on the bowed surface corresponding to the hair of the bow 40
The array is embedded in the dimension. These LEDs are excited in a time sharing manner. For example, a 64 MHz LED is caused to emit light in succession by a pulse signal of 3.2 MHz, and the 64th LED returns to the first LED and emits 64 LEDs one after another.

In the figure, light emission from the LED is indicated by a rectangular pulse. The light emitting LED sequentially moves to the right with time. In this way, the continuous pulse is divided into 64 pieces, and 64 LEDs
Are emitted one by one and are operated in a time-division manner. Therefore, LE
D emits only one light at a time, and by knowing which LED is detecting light emission, it is possible to detect from which part of the bow the light is emitted. By synchronizing between the light-emitting device pulse train and the position detection of the light-receiving device, it is possible to determine which part of the bow can detect light.

One example of a circuit for measuring such an optical pulse is shown in FIGS. 11 (B) and (C). In FIG. 11 (B), for example,
A clock signal Ck1 having a frequency higher than 640 Hz, for example, 1 MHz or 3.2 MHz is supplied to the counter 95, and counts the number of pulses. The pulse count is decoded by the decoder 96 to produce a modular 64 signal, and 64 LEDs 80-0 to 8
0-63 are sequentially emitted. A plurality of light receiving elements 78-1, 78-2, which receive the light emitted from these LEDs in a timely manner.
Are received by the OR circuit 93. The reason why a plurality of the light receiving elements are provided is that the approach movement of the bow 40 can be detected with a certain width. OR circuit 93
Is multiplied by a pulse signal output from the decoder by an AND circuit 97-i corresponding to each light emitting element. That is, if a light-receiving signal is obtained from any of the light-receiving elements when the first LED emits light, the AND circuit 97-1 supplies an output to the first flip-flop of the flip-flop row 98, and Register that light emission is detected.
Similarly, if the light emission of the n-th LED is detected by the light-emitting element, the n-th flip-flop in the flip-flop row 98 is set.

When any of the light receivers 78-i receives light at the timing when the LED 80-i emits light, FF98-i is set. At the next timing, the LED 80- (i + 1) emits light. When the LED 80- (i + 1) emits light, the next FF98- (i + 1) is set. Then 2
The outputs of the two FFs become “1” and “1”, respectively. The detection circuit detects two or more bits and resets each FF. Then, FF98-i and FF98- (i + 1) are reset,
FF9 if the light emission of LED80- (i + 1) is continuously received.
8- (i + 1) is set again.

In addition, 0.02 to 0.3 sec as a countermeasure for reset when no sound is generated
If no next position signal is received, each FF is reset. That is, the outputs of all the FFs are differentiated by a differentiating circuit, and the output is supplied to the reset input of each FF via a retrigable monostable multivibrator RMM and a rising differentiator. The reset is performed when the set time of the RMM elapses after the Q output of the FF.

The latch circuit on the right of the 64 → 6 converter 99 is latched when the Q output of the FF changes from all “0” to any “1”. From when the reset signal is input until it is set, despite the bow being bowed,
Since a non-detection state occurs temporarily, this effect is to be avoided.

In this way, which part of the bow 40 is in contact with the bowed portion 31 (see FIG. 2A) can be measured simultaneously with the detection of the light pulse. When 64 LEDs are arranged as shown in FIG. 11 (A), 64 flip-flops are arranged in the flip-flop row 98. An output signal is supplied from a corresponding flip-flop depending on which part of the bow 40 is in contact with the bowed portion 31. The 64-bit parallel signal is converted into a 6-bit signal by the conversion circuit 99 and supplied to the subsequent stage as a parallel 6-bit signal 101. Counter output 100
6 is similarly supplied to the subsequent stage.

FIG. 11 (C) shows a circuit connected to the latter stage of FIG. 11 (B). 6-bit parallel signal 101 indicating the contact point of the bow 40
Is applied to the delay means 102, the comparator 103, the latches 106-1 and 106-2, and is also output as it is as position information. The delay means 102 receives the counter output 100 and delays one pulse. The delay output 101a of the delay means 102 and the original position signal 101 are compared with a comparison circuit.
Compared by 103. If the signal 101a one pulse earlier corresponds to the smaller number hitting the tip of the bow, the bow is moving towards information. Conversely, if the signal 101a one pulse before corresponds to a high numbered LED near the original bow and the subsequent pulse corresponds to a low numbered LED near the previous bow, then the bow has moved downward. Thus, the moving direction of the bow is identified, and the upward signal UP or the downward signal DN is output. In response to these direction signals, the flip-flop 104 outputs a direction signal 105 of “1” when moving upward and “0” when moving downward.

If a key-on KON signal is required depending on the use circuit, the output UP of the comparison circuit 103 may be ORed with DN, and this output may be used as the KON signal.

On the other hand, the high-frequency signal CK1 of, for example, 3.2 MHz is frequency-divided by the frequency divider 114 to generate a signal CK2 having a low frequency of, for example, about 10 Hz. The signal CK2 is supplied to the latch 106-1. Complementary signal CK2 of CK2 ^- also generated. The CK2 and CK2 ^- from forming a signal obtained by multiplying a pulse delay in the delay unit 115, a latch 1
Supply to 06-2. Accordingly, the identification circuit 107 which receives the bow position signal 101 via the latches 106-1 and 106-2 inputs the information at that time and the information before a predetermined time. Therefore, by calculating the difference between the two inputs A and B, it is possible to know how much the bow 40 has moved during a predetermined time. If necessary, the amount of movement of the bow body 40 is identified in 16 stages, and an output is supplied to one of 16 output lines. Further, the moving amount may be represented by 16 bits in 64K steps. The conversion circuit 108 receiving the 16 output lines outputs
The bit signal is converted into a binary 4-bit parallel signal and output as a bow speed signal 109. The bow speed signal 109 is also supplied to a conversion table 110, and a timbre signal 111 is created by referring to the table. Conversion table 110 may have other inputs. In this way, FIG. 11 (B),
Signals such as the direction of bow movement, bow position, bow speed, and timbre are obtained from the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 shows another example of the timbre signal. In FIG. 11 (C), a timbre signal is generated based on the bow speed signal 109.
In the circuit shown in FIG. 2, a timbre signal is generated in consideration of the position information. That is, upon receiving the bow position signal 101, for example, the position information is converted by the conversion table 116 so as to take a high value in the middle bow and a low value in the leading bow and the former bow, and this signal and the first
1 A primary timbre signal 111 formed based on a bow speed signal as shown in FIG. 1C is input to an arithmetic circuit 117, and the arithmetic circuit 117 performs calculations such as addition and multiplication to form a secondary timbre signal 118. I do.

The musical sound of a bowing instrument such as a violin also changes depending on the pressure of the bow. It is preferable to use bow pressure information in order to generate a musical sound rich in musicality close to a natural musical instrument. In order to detect the bow pressure, it is basically preferable to detect the stress applied to the bow at the bowed portion 31 shown in FIG. 2 (A).

FIGS. 13A and 13B show an example of a bow pressure detecting device.
In FIG. 13 (A), the chord equivalent members 71, 72,
73 and 74 are semiconductor strain sensors 121, 122 and 12 near the base.
3, 124 are embedded. When the sliding plate 76, which is the hair-equivalent part of the bow body 40, rubs any of the string-equivalent parts 71, 72, 73, 74, the string-equivalent parts 71, 72, 73, 74 are deformed. 121, 122, 123, and 124 detect.

In FIG. 13B, the outputs detected by the semiconductor strain sensors 121 to 124 are converted into digital signals by the A / D converter 126 to form bow pressure signals.

The semiconductor strain sensor described here may be, for example, a semiconductor piezo element using a piezo resistor.
No. 29 may be obtained by dispersing a conductive powder in an insulator such as silicone rubber.
For example, an FET type strain detecting integrated circuit having a channel portion provided with a pressure sensitive portion as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 47820 may be used.

14 (A), (B) and (C) show examples of mounting a pressure sensor. In FIG. 14 (A), cuts are made in the vicinity of the support portion so that the string equivalent member is easily rotated by the bow pressure.
0 is provided, and a strain sensor 131 is provided in a thin portion.

In FIG. 14 (B), notches 130a and 130b are provided at both ends, and the strain sensors 13
1a and 131b are provided to obtain a signal obtained by adding outputs from two sensors.

In FIG. 14 (C), the method of supporting the strings is changed, and the strings are supported at both left and right ends. Therefore, when the string equivalent member is rubbed with the bow, the central portion of the string equivalent member is deformed so as to swing right and left in the figure. A distortion sensor 131 is provided at a large part of the deformation.

Although several examples of mounting the strain sensor have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any type of detection method may be used as long as it can detect the force that is exerted by the application of the strain.

Further, instead of detecting the pressure, a sensor which detects displacement in the pressure direction may be used.

As described above, pitch information is obtained based on the pressed position on the fingerboard, and a bow speed signal, a bow position signal, and a bow pressure are obtained from the bow motion, thereby obtaining basic parameters for tone generation as a bowing instrument. Can be

Further, by providing a vibrato switch on the rod portion, even a beginner can easily execute a tone generation characteristic of a bowing instrument such as a violin. Since the vibrato switch is different from the playing direction of the natural musical instrument, it is preferable that the vibrato switch can be released for a player who is skilled in the art.

Also, it is difficult for a beginner of violin playing to precisely control the pressure applied to the strings by the bow. In the case of the first bow, the distance between the string and the grip portion for gripping the bow also increases. If the tone generated in response to the bow pressure is controlled, it is difficult to perform a musically rich performance. Here, the electronic musical instrument can be electrically provided with various functions not included in the natural musical instrument. For example, a beginner can form a bow speed signal by moving the bow, and form a bow pressure signal by grasping the bow pressure input means of the gripping portion.

FIG. 15 shows an example in which a grip pressure sensor 135 is provided on the grip portion of the bow 40. When the player grips the grip pressure sensor 135, the pressure is detected by the sensor, and the pressure is used as a bow pressure for musical tone formation.

Although the example in which the bow pressure is input from the grip pressure sensor of the grip portion has been described, other information may be input from the grip pressure sensor. For example, it can be used to add a vibrato effect. This sensor is not limited to vibrato, and can be used to exhibit various functions such as tenuto, staccato, and pizzicato.

It may be difficult to input pressure information from the bow grip pressure sensor. In such a case, the grip pressure sensor may also release the operation and set a constant bow pressure to generate a musical sound. For example, it can be used to add a bow pressure effect or a vibrato effect. This sensor is not limited to vibrato, and can be used to exhibit various functions such as tenuto, staccato, and pizzicato.

FIG. 16 shows a configuration in which a pressure sensor and a plurality of switches are provided on the gripping portion of the bow 40 and used as bow pressure input means and a rendition style changeover switch. Several kinds of bow pressure changeover switches may be provided so that the bow pressure to be set can be selected. The number of switches can be arbitrarily set. When the bow pressure is input by the pressure sensor of the bowed portion or the grip pressure sensor of the grip portion, these bow pressure selection sensors are released. At this time, these may be used as other switches. Of course, the number of switches may be increased, and each switch may have a single function. The playing style changeover switch assists various performances such as vibrato, tremolo, tenuto, and staccato.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a bow pressure / bow speed exchange circuit using a rendition style changeover switch. One of a plurality of conversion modes prepared in converter 140 is selected based on the performance style information input from the performance style switch. Bow pressure information, bow speed information, and the like are applied to the converter 140, and based on these information, bow pressure information, bow speed information, and the like that have been subjected to predetermined conversion in one selected conversion mode are supplied.

By the way, in electronic keyboard instruments, equal temperament is widely adopted so as to be easily transposed. However, for example, you can select just intonation and equal temperament, or transpose some songs,
There is a case where it is desired that the first and second strings of the four strings have different tonality. There are various difficulties in achieving this with an electronic keyboard instrument, but in the present case this kind of thing is made possible.

For example, a tuning volume is provided for each string at a thread winding portion that does not need to be physically stringed. If this tuning is always applied, tuning will be annoying. Therefore, the tuning function can be released. For example, a reset switch is provided so that the tuning returns to the original tuning at intervals of 5 degrees. However, since the basic pitch also has a width of several cents, from 435 Hz
It is preferable to prepare a selection switch up to about 445 Hz. In order to tune with another instrument, it is preferable to have a function of simultaneously moving the four strings in parallel. In addition, in order to respond to the above-mentioned playing style, for example, FIG.
A transposition switch may be provided at the bobbin 22 shown in FIG.

FIG. 18 shows a transposition circuit provided with a transposition switch. The feature of this circuit is that any tonality or tone can be selected.

The two-input selector 146-1 for the first string selects either a multiple-bit input SA or a multiple-bit input SB according to whether the signal of the select signal terminal is "0" or "1" and supplies it to the output. I do. The input SA receives an output from the fingerboard portion 148-1 for the first string. Input SB receives the output of multiplier 150-1. The multiplier 150-1 receives the output from the fingerboard portion 148-1 for the first string and the output of the preset RAM 149-1 which is a transposition or pitch adjuster, and outputs the product.

The circuits for the second string, third string, and fourth string include preset RAMs 149-2, 149-3, 149-4 and multipliers 150-2, 150.
-3, 150-4 and another two-input selector 152-
1, 152-2 and 152-3 are provided. The two-input selectors 152-1, 152-2, and 152-3 are connected to a split RAM 149-.
1 or the outputs of the preset RAMs 149-2, 149-3, 149-4, and the multipliers 150-2, 150 ±
3. Supply to 150-4.

Selection of these selectors is performed by the mode selection switch 145. The mode selection switch 145 has three fixed contacts A, B, and C. Of these, the contact A shown at the top is in a floating state.

First, when the mode selection switch 145 is set to the contact A, the select signal terminals of the selectors 146-1, 146-2,... Receive “0” and the pitch designation shown in FIGS. A first string fingerboard portion 148-1, corresponding to the means 148-n,
Multi-bit output SA from fingerboard section 148-2 for second string
Select That is, a resistance value or a voltage determined at the position where the resistance member 51 is pressed by the finger as shown in FIG. 4A is output. The output pattern of the resistance value or the voltage is tuned to, for example, equal temperament.

Next, when the mode selection switch 145 is set to the contact B shown in the middle row, a signal “1” is input to the select signal terminals of the selectors 146-1, 146-2,..., And a plurality of bits SB are selected. The input SB of the selector 146-1 is provided with pitch correction data obtained by coarsely adjusting the pitch by a transposition or pitch adjuster 149-1 and finely adjusting the pitch by a digital switch type volume 22-1V and the fingerboard 148-1. The output is the multiplier 150-1
Is applied.

The selectors 152-1, 152-2, and 152-3 receive “0” at the select signal terminal and receive the input SC (that is, the preset RAM1).
49-1) is selected. Therefore, the multipliers 150-2, 1
The selectors 50-3 and 150-4 determine the product of the output of the fingerboard units 148-2, 148-3 and 148-4 and the output of the preset RAM 149-1.
6-2, 146-3 and 146-4 are supplied to the input SBs.

When the mode selection switch 145 is set to the contact C, a prohibition gate signal is first sent to the bidirectional prohibition gates 147-1, 147-2,... To prohibit signal transmission. Also, “1” is supplied to the select signal terminals of the two-input selectors 152-1, 152-2, and 152-3, and the input SD is selected. That is, the outputs of the string preset RAMs 149-2, 149-3, 149-4 are input to the corresponding multipliers 150-2, 150-3, 150-4.

When at least one of the switches SW21, SW22,... Is turned on, “1” is input to the select signal terminals of the corresponding selectors 146-1, 146-2,.
That is, the product of the output of the fingerboard units 148-1, 148-2,... And the output of the preset RAMs 149-1, 149-2,. In this way, the pitch can be set independently for each string.

In this manner, the contact A can be set to, for example, equal temperament, the contact B can be set to, for example, so-called transposition of a whole string shift, and the contact C can be set to an arbitrary tuning independent of each string. Note that the pitches of the open strings of the fourth, third, second, and first strings are (G, D, A, E), (A, D, A,
Other tunings such as E) can also be set.

In this way, for example, by adjusting the transposition switch and the transposition volume provided in the peg portion, it is possible to perform the pitch change and the one-touch transposition similar to a natural musical instrument.

The bowing information may include other information such as the distance from the bow piece and the degree of bowing of the bow, in addition to the information described above. For example, the bowing information based on the optical signal and the bow motion information based on the proximity switch may be used together.

As described above, the case where the performance according to the outer shape as the bowing instrument is performed is set. However, in addition to the musical tone of the musical instrument performing using the bow, the musical tone of another musical instrument can be generated. For example, by changing the performance mode by a switch, striking a string with a bow, or moving the bow relative to a piece, a musical sound as a rhythm instrument or the like can be generated. For example, musical sounds such as bongo, tom tom, dora, gong, timpani and the like may be generated. For example, Dora, Gong, and the like have a relatively long sustain from generation of sound to disappearance of the sound, so that various expressions can be made by using bowing information as an input signal. For example, bow speed information may be captured as touch information and tone color information. Further, the touch information may be left to the pressure sensor of the bow grip portion or the string equivalent member, and the bow speed information may be input as the timbre information.

As shown in FIG. 19, the position information of the leading bow 44, the former bow 46, etc. of the bow body 40 is determined by the position at which the sounding body such as the drum skin hits, for example, the radial distance from the center to the end of the drum. , The tone color parameter may be controlled.

In the case of a percussion musical tone generating circuit of the waveform memory type as shown in FIG. 20, the waveform of only the attack portion may be selectively switched.

Further, when there is a moving direction such as a hi-hat cymbal, the moving direction information of the bow can be associated with, for example, selection of a waveform memory. For example, the memory area can be switched and read, for example, reading the address HHO in which the hi-hat cymbal rises upward in the upward direction UP, and reading the address HHC falling below the hi-hat cymbal in the downward motion DN of the bow. In this case, the upper bit of the memory may be selected by the UP / DN bit.

The pitch information may be fixed for each string, or in the case of a rhythm instrument having several pitches such as a tom-tom, the pitch may be selected by a finger on a fingerboard.

In such an application to a rhythm instrument, it is not always necessary to move the bow while keeping the bow in contact with the string equivalent, but by moving the bow relatively near the string equivalent, some sort of movement is achieved. What is necessary is just to obtain an input signal.

The embodiments have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to these. For example, various changes, modifications,
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that combinations and the like can be made.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, by controlling the tone elements of the tone generated by the tone element control detection means provided together with the pitch designation means, vibrato,
A predetermined musical effect such as tremolo can be provided.

A beginner can easily perform a performance with a given musical effect without the technical difficulty of a natural musical instrument.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 (A), 1 (B) and 1 (C) show a configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (A) is a block diagram showing an overall schematic configuration, and FIG. 1 (B). 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a tone signal forming circuit, FIG. 1 (C) is a graph showing an example of a nonlinear function, and FIGS. 2 (A), (B) and (C) are according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 (A) is a side view of the musical instrument main body, FIG. 2 (B) is a front view of the musical instrument main body, FIG. 2 (C) is a side view of the bow body, FIG. (A) and (B) are diagrams showing a rod portion, FIG. 3 (A) is a vertical sectional view of the rod portion, FIG. 3 (B) is a lateral sectional view of the rod portion, FIG. 4B and 4C are diagrams showing a fingerboard pitch specifying means. FIG. 4A is a partial cross-sectional view of the fingerboard, FIG. 4B is a circuit diagram of the first circuit configuration, FIG. FIG. 5C is a circuit diagram of a circuit configuration 2, and FIG. 5 (A), (B) and (C) show a vibrato switch, FIG. 5 (A) is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a rod portion, FIG. 5 (B) is a circuit diagram of a first circuit configuration, FIG. (C) is a circuit diagram of the circuit configuration No. 2, FIGS. 6 (A), (B), (C), and (D) are diagrams for explaining performance by bowing, and FIG. 6 (A) is a bow. FIGS. 6 (B), (C), and (D) are schematic diagrams showing three forms of relative movement detection of the bow with respect to the instrument body, and FIGS. 7 (A) and 7 (A). , (B), (C), and (D) are diagrams for explaining the bow, and FIG. 7 (A) is an external view of the bow viewed from the bowed surface, and FIG. 7 (B). Is a perspective view of the sliding plate, FIG. 7 (C) is a longitudinal sectional view of the bow, FIG. 7 (D) is a transverse sectional view of a modified example of the sliding plate, FIGS. 8 (A) and (B) are It is a figure which shows a bowed part, 8th
8A is an external view of a bowed portion, FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of a light receiving portion, and FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are diagrams showing an example of a bow speed detection circuit. FIG. 9 (A) is a block circuit diagram, FIG. 9 (B) is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation, FIG. 9 (C) is a characteristic diagram showing characteristics between input and output of the conversion circuit, FIG. 10 is a block circuit diagram showing another example of the bow speed detecting circuit. FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are diagrams showing another example of the bow speed detecting circuit. FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of an arc for explaining time-division light emission, FIG. 11B is a block circuit diagram showing a front part of the optical pulse measuring circuit, and FIG. 11C is a latter part of the optical pulse measuring circuit. FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing another example of a tone signal circuit, and FIGS. 13 (A) and (B) are diagrams for explaining a bow pressure detecting device, and FIG. (A) is a cut of a string equivalent member. FIG. 13 (B) is a block circuit diagram of the bow pressure signal circuit, and FIGS. 14 (A), (B) and (C) are diagrams for explaining the mounting of the pressure sensor, and show three different mountings. FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a bow for explaining a grip pressure sensor, FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a bow for explaining a rendition style switch, and FIG. 17 is a rendition style switch. Circuit diagram showing a bow pressure / bow speed signal conversion circuit, FIG. 18 is a block circuit diagram showing an example of a transposition circuit, FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining a percussion instrument mode, and FIG. 20 is a waveform memory type percussion instrument. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating. In the drawing, 1... Input section 2... Tone signal forming circuit 3... D / A converter 4... Amplifier 5... Speaker 11... Non-linear circuit 12. Filter 18 Delay circuit 19 Low-pass filter 20 Instrument body 21 Spiral 22 Thread spool 23 Fingerboard 24 Rod 25 Body 26 Front plate 27 Side plate 28 Back plate 29 Upper piece 30 Piece 31 Stringed part 32 Tail piece 34 To chin 35 35 F-shaped hole 37 Light receiving part (or light emitting part or reflecting part) 39 … Corner 40… Arch 42… Grip 44… First bow 46… Original bow 47… Infrared filter 48… Light guide member 50… Pitch specifying means 51… Resistance wire 51a 5151d 53… conductive wires 53ad53d 54 絶 縁 insulator 55 固定 fixed contact member 55a 抵抗 resistive member 57 可 動 movable contact member 57a… conductive member 59 ヴ ィ vibra Switch 61… Buffer circuit 62… A / D conversion circuit 64… Resistance value detection circuit 65… Reflection pattern 66… On / off detection circuit 67… Buffer circuit 68… A / D converter 69- i: Window 70: Printed circuit board 71, 72, 73, 74: String equivalent part 75: Support member 76: Sliding plate 77: Depression 78: Light receiving element 79: Light guide member 80: Light emission Element 81 Light receiving signal 82 High-speed oscillator 83 Counter 84 Latch 85 Bow speed detecting circuit 86, 87 Flip-flop 88 Differentiating circuit 89 Inverting circuit (ROM) 91 Integrating circuit 92 Differentiating circuit 95 Counter 96 Decoder 97 AND circuit 98 Flip-flop array 99 Conversion circuit 100 Counter output 101 6-bit signal (position signal) 101a Delay Output 102 Delay means 103 Comparator 104 RS flip-flop 105 Direction signal 106 Latch 107 Identification circuit 108 Conversion circuit 109 Bow speed signal 110 Conversion table 111 Tone signal 114 Frequency divider 115 Delay means 116 Conversion table 117 Operation circuit 118 Secondary tone Signals 121, 122, 123, 124 ... Distortion sensor 126 ... A / D converter 130 ... Cuts 131, 131a, 131b ... Distortion sensor 135 ... Grip pressure sensor 136 ... Reproduction style switch 140 ... Converter 145 ... Selection switch 146 ... … Transposition circuit 147-i… Prohibited gate 148… Pitch information 149… Transposition offset data table 150… Multiplier 151… Pitch specifying means 152… Converter

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A main body having a rod portion and a string-equivalent portion; a movable playing member for a player to play while holding the hand in opposition to the string-equivalent portion of the main body; A relative movement detecting means for detecting a relative movement with respect to the movable playing member and generating a relative movement mode detection signal; and a player's operation provided on the surface of the rod portion for designating a pitch of a generated musical tone. A tone element control detecting means for detecting a player's operation for controlling a tone element of a generated musical tone provided on a back surface of the rod portion facing the pitch specifying means, Tone control means for controlling a tone element of a tone generated based on the relative movement mode detection signal and a detection result of the pitch designation means and tone element detection control means. apparatus.