JP2915496B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a photoreceptor used for electrophotography, particularly to a photoreceptor having an organic photoconductor layer and a method for producing the same.

[Conventional technology]

A photoreceptor having an organic photoconductor layer (hereinafter simply referred to as “OPC
Photoconductor ". ) Has the advantage that the spectral sensitivity range can be easily controlled and is inexpensive, so it is rapidly spreading especially for electrophotography.

Such OPC photoreceptors include a single layer type using a polymer charge transfer complex, but a function separation type in which a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer are laminated is often used from the viewpoint of sensitivity characteristics, and an inorganic or Various combinations of an organic charge generation layer and an organic polymer charge transfer layer have been proposed. Such an organic charge generation layer or charge transfer layer is generally a method in which an organic functional material such as a charge generation agent or a charge transfer agent is independently deposited or dispersed or dissolved in a solvent and applied to a substrate surface. Or a polymer material, for example, polyamide or polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyarylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl carbazole, dispersed or dissolved in a solvent together with a binder such as a urea resin, using a dipping method or a spray method. A charge generating layer formed by dispersing a phthalocyanine-based charge generating agent in a resin binder such as polycarbonate (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-1009056).
Or a charge transfer layer in which a stilbene-based charge transfer agent is dispersed in a resin binder such as polycarbonate (JP-A-61-270865, JP-A-63-271459, etc.) or a hydrazone-based charge transfer agent. Charge transfer layer dispersed in a resin binder such as polycarbonate (JP-B-60-58469, JP-B-60-3567)
2, Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-35673) are known.

However, in the method using such a solvent, it is necessary to select a solvent so as not to dissolve between the respective layers, and it is difficult to maintain the coating conditions and it is difficult to obtain a uniform coating film. There is a disadvantage in that a large capital investment is required to avoid the danger of explosion due to steam and health problems.

On the other hand, since the evaporation method used to form the inorganic charge generation layer does not require a solvent, organic dyes such as anthracene, naphthoquinone, pyrene, perylene, phthalocyanine, and other cyanine dyes are used. A method of forming a charge generation layer by vapor deposition of such a material has been proposed, and JP-A-59-166959 discloses an example using a titanyl phthalocyanine vapor-deposited film. Although such a charge generation layer functions well even when its thickness is several μm or less,
If it is on the surface side of the photoreceptor, it is easily worn and leads to deterioration of characteristics, so a charge generation layer is first provided on the support,
A thicker charge transfer layer is laminated thereon to protect the charge generation layer from abrasion.

However, the charge generation layer provided on such a support is liable to cause charge injection from the conductive layer of the support to photocarriers generated upon irradiation with light, that is, hole-electron pairs. Sometimes, the charge on the surface of the photoreceptor is canceled out, making it difficult for the carrier to move. In addition, there is a problem that the light-part potential increases and the dark-part potential fluctuates when used repeatedly. In order to prevent this phenomenon, the thickness between the conductive layer of the support and the charge generation layer is 0.1 to 0.1.
It is known that it is effective to apply an insulating subbing layer of about 5 μm.

The undercoat layer in such an OPC photoconductor, for example,
It is formed by applying a coating material obtained by dissolving a polymer material such as polycarbonate in a solvent to the surface of a support material by dipping or spraying. The same was true in any of the cases. However, such a method using a solution-type paint requires a solvent to be selected so as not to dissolve between the respective layers, and it is difficult to maintain the application conditions and it is difficult to obtain a uniform coating film. In addition, there is a disadvantage that a large amount of capital investment is required to avoid the danger of explosion due to solvent vapor and health problems.

If the surface of the support is too smooth during the application of the undercoat layer, it becomes difficult to make the thickness of the coating layer uniform, leading to uneven sensitivity characteristics. When it is large, the film thickness must be further increased, which is not only inefficient in the coating and drying step but also unfavorable in sensitivity characteristics. Therefore, there is also a disadvantage that the surface roughness of the support must be adjusted with high precision so as to be within the optimum range.

In addition, the undercoat layer formed by coating in this way is:
There is also a disadvantage that the adhesion to the charge generation layer formed by vapor deposition on this is not sufficient.

On the other hand, similarly to the above, it has been proposed to form an organic charge transfer layer by vapor deposition.

One of the proposals is to form an organic charge transfer layer by vapor deposition of a poly-P-phenylene sulfide film (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-59353). It has the drawback that the spectral transmittance in the light region is inferior, and furthermore, it is difficult to co-evaporate a charge transfer agent, so it has not been put to practical use.

Also, a method of forming a polyimide film or a polyamide film by vapor-depositing each starting material such as polyimide or polyamide on a substrate and heating and polymerizing the same (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-197730, Iijima et al.
Vol. 28, No. 5 (1985)), which also has high electrical insulation and poor light transmission, so that even if a charge transfer agent can be co-deposited, polymerization of the film, etc. Therefore, it cannot be used as a charge transfer layer.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Therefore, the present inventors wondered if a polymer binder such as polycarbonate, which had been conventionally used as a vehicle in forming an undercoat layer or a charge transfer layer by a solution coating method, could be formed as an evaporated film. Research has been advanced.

However, when vapor deposition is performed using a general-purpose polycarbonate, only a film having a molecular weight of 2000 or less can be obtained. Therefore, this film has insufficient adhesion to a substrate and scratching strength and is not practical. In addition, even when attempting to deposit a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester, which are synthetic materials of a transesterification method of polycarbonate, respectively, there is a disadvantage that not only the difference in vapor pressure is too large to perform uniform deposition, but also the inside of the deposition apparatus is contaminated. Therefore, adoption of this vapor deposition method was impossible.

However, the present inventors have found that the use of an oligomer (hereinafter, referred to as “polycarbonate oligomer”) previously synthesized from the above-mentioned bishydroxy compound and carbonate by a transesterification method enables formation of a vapor-deposited film. I discovered and completed the present invention.

That is, based on the above findings, the present invention provides an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, or a charge transfer layer formed from a thin and uniform-thickness vapor-deposited film made of polycarbonate having a polycarbonate oligomer as a precursor. It is an object of the present invention to provide an OPC photoreceptor having excellent performance, and to provide an OPC photoreceptor having improved adhesion between an undercoat layer and a support or a charge generation layer. It is intended.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a streamlined method for producing such an OPC photoconductor having excellent performance without using a solvent.

[Means for solving the problem]

An object of the present invention is to provide a photoreceptor having a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer laminated on a support, wherein at least one of the charge generation layer and the charge transfer layer is a polycarbonate oligomer. That is, the present invention is achieved by an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by being formed from a vapor-deposited film made of a polycarbonate having an oligomer obtained as a precursor by condensation polymerization of a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester by transesterification.

Further, by forming the undercoat layer provided on the support from the same vapor-deposited film made of polycarbonate as described above, a more excellent electrophotographic photoreceptor can be obtained.

In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, (a) a charge generation agent and a polycarbonate oligomer are simultaneously deposited on a support to form a charge generation layer, or (b) only a polycarbonate oligomer is deposited at an early stage of deposition. Subsequently, a charge generation agent and a polycarbonate oligomer are simultaneously deposited to form a charge generation layer, or (c) a charge transfer agent and a polycarbonate oligomer are simultaneously deposited on a support to form a charge transfer layer. Or by using at least one method. Each of these methods may be used alone or in combination with a known method for forming a charge generation layer, or a known method for forming a charge transfer layer. All of the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transfer layer may be used. Of course, it may be formed according to the present invention.

As the polycarbonate oligomer suitable for forming a vapor-deposited film made of polycarbonate using the polycarbonate oligomer as a precursor in the present invention, a liquid one is suitable. Such a liquid polycarbonate oligomer can be obtained by subjecting a mixture of a bishydroxy compound such as bisphenol A, which is a raw material for polycarbonate synthesis, and a carbonate ester, such as diphenyl carbonate, to polycondensation by a transesterification reaction. In order to remove the hydroxy compound to be eliminated out of the system, for example, under reduced pressure of 0.1 to 10 mmHg, for example, 2
Reaction conditions such as heating to 00 to 350 ° C. can be employed.

The molecular weight of the liquid polycarbonate oligomer thus obtained is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, it is likely that the polymerization after the vapor deposition becomes insufficient, and if it is too high, the vapor deposition does not proceed efficiently. Usually, by weight average molecular weight
It is preferably about 10 ³ to 10 ⁴ .

Further, such a polycarbonate oligomer may be produced by a condensation polymerization reaction in the presence of a charge generating agent or a charge transfer agent. In this case, a composition for vapor deposition containing the charge generating agent and the polycarbonate oligomer Or a vapor deposition composition containing a charge transfer agent and a polycarbonate oligomer can be obtained at a glance.

The charge generating agent used for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be any as long as it can be deposited, and among them, phthalocyanine-based compounds such as copper phthalocyanine and titanyl phthalocyanine are preferred. It is preferably used. These charge generators can be blended with the polycarbonate oligomers described above to form a single vapor deposition composition, or each can be used as a separate evaporation source without blending.

The charge transfer agent used for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is used in combination with a binder such as polycarbonate in a conventional solution coating method, for example, stilbene compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline compounds and the like. Of these, any material capable of being deposited can be used, and among them, a stilbene derivative, a hydrazone derivative, or the like is preferably used. These charge transfer agents can be blended with the polycarbonate oligomers described above into a single vapor deposition composition, or each can be used as a separate evaporation source without blending.

The support used to produce the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be the same as the support used in the conventional electrophotographic photoreceptor, for example, may be formed of aluminum or the like, , But is not limited.
Then, such a support may be subjected to the same pretreatment as in a conventional electrophotographic photoreceptor, or even if an undercoat layer is formed, it is not formed. It may be something. The undercoat layer on such a support can be formed by evaporating the above-mentioned polycarbonate oligomer.

In order to form a charge generation layer on a support in the present invention, for example, simultaneous evaporation may be performed using a polycarbonate oligomer and a charge generation agent as different evaporation sources in a vapor deposition apparatus, or both of them may be used. The vapor deposition composition containing the above may be used as a single evaporation source in a vapor deposition apparatus to perform vapor deposition. Then, in depositing the charge generation layer, first, a polycarbonate oligomer is deposited in advance to form a polycarbonate film having a uniform thickness on the support,
Subsequently, if the polycarbonate oligomer and the charge generating agent are co-deposited, the undercoat layer is also formed on the support by directly depositing the charge generation layer on the support on which the undercoat layer is not formed. After that, an electrophotographic photoreceptor similar to that in which the charge generation layer is formed can be obtained. Further, it is desirable that the operating conditions for carrying out these vapor depositions are appropriately selected so that the thickness and other properties of the vapor deposited layer fall within a desired range and efficient operation can be performed.

In the present invention, after the charge generation layer is formed on the support, a charge transfer layer is further laminated and provided. Such a charge transfer layer can be formed by a conventional method, that is, a coating method, but is preferably formed by a vapor deposition method using a method similar to the above-described method of forming the charge generation layer.

In order to form the charge transfer layer by vapor deposition in the present invention, it is preferable to use a method in which the charge transfer agent and the polycarbonate oligomer are co-deposited. Alternatively, the vapor deposition may be performed using a vapor deposition composition containing a charge transfer agent and a polycarbonate oligomer as a single vapor source in a vapor deposition apparatus. As such a polycarbonate oligomer, a polycarbonate oligomer similar to that used for forming the charge generation layer, among which a liquid polycarbonate oligomer is particularly preferable.

In addition, in the present invention, the deposition conditions when forming each layer are desirably appropriately selected so that the thickness and other properties of the deposited layer fall within a desired range, and that an efficient operation can be performed. .

[Action]

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a uniform thickness and uniform electrical characteristics because the charge generation layer is formed by a vapor deposition method, and has a strong adhesion to the support or the undercoat layer provided thereon. And also exhibits excellent adhesion to the charge transfer layer. Since the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention forms a charge transfer layer by a vapor deposition method, it has a uniform thickness and uniform electrical characteristics regardless of the shape of the substrate, and a conventional solution coating method. The performance is equal to or better than that of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by the method.

[Example 1] In a glass ampoule tube connected to an exhaust device, 2,2
-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (hereinafter referred to as bisphenol A) and diphenyl carbonate are charged so as to have an equimolar ratio, and 350
The mixture was heated at 4 ° C. for 4 hours and allowed to cool to obtain a liquid polycarbonate oligomer having an extremely high viscosity.

On the other hand, the surface is mirror-finished in the vapor deposition device and the surface roughness is 0.
An aluminum tube having a smoothness of 2 μm or less is mounted as a photoreceptor support, and titanyl phthalocyanine is used as a charge generating agent in one of the evaporators also provided in the vapor deposition apparatus, and the above liquid polycarbonate oligomer is used in the other. Were charged as precursors of the polymer binder, and after the degree of vacuum was ^increased to 10 ^-4 Torr or more, both evaporators were simultaneously heated to deposit a charge generating layer having a thickness of about 1 μm.
At this time, the evaporation source temperature of the charge generating agent was 450 ° C., the evaporation source temperature of the polycarbonate oligomer was 300 ° C., and the evaporation time was 5 minutes.

The photoreceptor support provided with the charge generating layer without the undercoat layer in this manner was taken out of the vapor deposition apparatus, and 1 part by weight of a polycarbonate resin (Iupilon S3000N, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a binder and a charge transfer agent were used. Of stilbene in 48 parts by weight of methylene chloride as a solvent was dip-coated to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member A having a 20 μm-thick charge transfer layer.

Example 2 According to the same procedure as in the production of the liquid polycarbonate oligomer in Example 1, bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate were further added with titanyl phthalocyanine having the same weight as the total amount thereof, and the mixture was heated and reacted under reduced pressure to give titanyl phthalocyanine. Was obtained.

Next, an aluminum tube similar to that used in Example 1 was mounted in a vapor deposition apparatus, and the liquid polycarbonate oligomer composition was charged in one evaporator. The evaporation source temperature was 350 ° C., and the vapor deposition time was 10 minutes. A charge generation layer having a thickness of about 1 μm was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge generation layer was formed.

The photoreceptor support provided with the charge generation layer without the undercoat layer in this manner was taken out of the vapor deposition apparatus, and thereafter a 20 μm-thick charge transfer layer was applied and laminated according to exactly the same procedure as in Example 1. Body B was obtained.

Example 3 A procedure was performed in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that an azo dye (same as the pigment described in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-48859) was used instead of using titanyl phthalocyanine as the charge generator. Simultaneous vapor deposition was performed on the aluminum tube. At this time, the evaporation source temperature of the charge generation agent was 300 ° C., the deposition time was 5 minutes, and the thickness of the obtained charge generation layer was about 1 μm.
m.

The photoreceptor support provided with the charge generation layer without the undercoat layer in this manner was taken out of the vapor deposition apparatus, and thereafter a 20 μm-thick charge transfer layer was applied and laminated according to exactly the same procedure as in Example 1. Obtained body C.

[Example 4] The liquid polycarbonate oligomer composition containing titanyl phthalocyanine obtained in Example 2 was charged into one of the different evaporators provided in the vapor deposition apparatus, and the other was charged with stilbene as a charge transfer agent. Charge an equal weight mixture with the liquid polycarbonate oligomer obtained in 1,
First, a photoreceptor support having a charge generation layer similar to that obtained in Example 2 was obtained by the same operation as in Example 2.

Next, subsequently, the evaporator containing the mixture of the charge transfer agent and the oligomer was heated to 400 ° C., and vapor deposition was performed for 20 minutes to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member D having a charge transfer layer having a thickness of 20 μm.

Comparative Example 1 An aluminum tube adjusted to have a surface roughness of 0.7 μm was used as a photoreceptor support, and 1 part by weight of a polyamide resin (Tresin F300, manufactured by Teikoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was mixed with 49 parts by weight of methanol. Dip coat the paint obtained by dissolving in the part,
An undercoat layer having a thickness of 5 μm was formed.

Next, 1 part by weight of polyvinyl butyral and 2 parts by weight of titanyl phthalocyanine are dipped in a liquid in which 50 parts by weight of 4-methoxy-4-methylpentanone is dissolved and dried, and dried to form a charge generating layer having a thickness of about 1 μm. did.

Further, according to the same procedure as in Example 1,
An electrophotographic photoreceptor E having a 20 μm charge transfer layer was obtained.

[Test Example 1] For the electrophotographic photosensitive members obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, surface smoothness, charge retention, sensitivity, repetition characteristics,
The image quality at high humidity was measured by the following methods, and the results of performance evaluation of the product of the present invention with respect to the control product are shown in Table 1.

Surface smoothness: Roughness measured using a surface roughness meter was evaluated by Rz value (μm) and compared.

Charge Retention: Using a photoconductor drum checker, the photoconductor surface potential (V) at a charging current of 100 μA was measured and compared.

Sensitivity: Using the above-described drum checker, the negatively charged electrophotographic photosensitive member is irradiated with light to measure the decay of the surface charge, and the exposure amount (μJ / cm ²⁾ at which the surface charge becomes 1/2 of the initial value. ) Was determined as the sensitivity and compared.

Repetition characteristics: Using the above-mentioned drum checker, charging-exposure was repeated 1000 times, and the transition of the charging potential (V) and the tendency of the increase in the residual potential (V) upon exposure were evaluated and compared.

High humidity image quality: 90% relative humidity using Ricoh FT-4820 copier
Were copied under the following environmental conditions, and the quality of the copied images was visually evaluated and compared.

From these evaluation results, it can be seen that the charge generation layer formed by the vapor deposition method in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has superior performance as compared with the charge generation layer formed by a wet method using a conventional paint.

Example 5 A liquid polycarbonate oligomer having an extremely high viscosity was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 1.

On the other hand, an aluminum plate as a substrate was mounted in a vapor deposition apparatus, and copper phthalocyanine was vapor-deposited to a thickness of 0.1 μm to form a charge generation layer. Next, stilbene as a charge transfer agent and the above-mentioned liquid polycarbonate oligomer as a binder, which were charged in different evaporators provided in the same vapor deposition apparatus, were vapor-deposited at the same time. At this time, the degree of vacuum is 10 ^-4 Torr or more, the evaporation source temperature of stilbene is 150 ° C, and the evaporation source temperature of oligomer is 4
At 00 ° C., the deposition time was 30 minutes.

The thickness of the charge transfer layer in the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member F was about 30 μm, and the ratio of the charge transfer agent to the binder in the charge transfer layer was about 1: 1 by weight.

Example 6 According to the same procedure as in the production of the liquid polycarbonate oligomer in Example 5, bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate were further added with stilbene having the same weight as the total amount thereof, and heated and reacted under reduced pressure to contain stilbene. A liquid polycarbonate oligomer composition was obtained.

Next, on the substrate provided with the same charge generation layer as that used in Example 5, the above liquid polycarbonate oligomer composition was prepared in Example 5 except that the evaporation source temperature was 400 ° C. and the vapor deposition time was 30 minutes. The deposition was performed in exactly the same manner as described above.

The thickness of the charge transfer layer in the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member G was about 30 μm.

[Comparative Example 2] 1 part by weight of a polycarbonate resin (Iupilon S3000N, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a binder and 1 part by weight of stilbene as a charge transfer agent were dissolved in 48 parts by weight of methylene chloride as a solvent to charge. A paint for forming a moving layer was obtained.

The above paint was spray-coated on a substrate provided with the same charge generation layer as used in Examples 5 and 6,
Dried.

The thickness of the charge transfer layer in the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member H was about 30 μm.

[Test Example 2] The adhesion of the charge transfer layer and the surface hardness of the electrophotographic photoreceptors of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were examined and found to have the same properties.

In addition, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention was clearly superior in surface smoothness.

Further, the characteristics were evaluated using an electro-static paper analyzer (SP-428, manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd.). During the test, the electrophotographic photoreceptor was negatively charged, and the surface charge decay when the surface was irradiated with light was measured, and the exposure amount (lux · sec) at which the surface charge became half of the initial value was measured. ) Is determined as the sensitivity (E _1/2 ), and the potential value (V ₂₀ ) attenuated by leaving it in a dark place for 20 seconds after charging is measured, and this value is divided by the initial potential value (V ₀ ). Is the dark decay rate. The measurement results are as shown in Table 2.

From these results, it can be seen that the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has the same performance as the electrophotographic photosensitive member manufactured by the conventional method.

〔The invention's effect〕

(1) According to the present invention, a performance having an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, a charge transfer layer, or the like formed from a thin and uniform deposited film made of polycarbonate having a polycarbonate oligomer as a precursor. Can provide an excellent OPC photoreceptor, and an undercoat layer and a support,
Alternatively, it is possible to provide an OPC photoreceptor having improved adhesion with the charge generation layer. And these OPC photoreceptors do not need to increase the surface roughness of the support,
Even if an undercoat layer is not separately provided, it has characteristics such as good adhesion and good sensitivity characteristics, excellent surface smoothness, and no need for leveling treatment.

(2) According to the present invention, since no solvent or the like is used, a drying facility or a solvent recovery facility for preventing pollution is not required,
It is possible to provide a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor that not only simplifies the manufacturing equipment but also streamlines, and also facilitates the operation of the process and facilitates the automation of the process.
Since most of the manufacturing process is performed in a sealed device, there is no defect due to the attachment of dust and the like, and the quality of the copied image is good, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor that does not deteriorate the image quality is produced. Can provide law.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-189748 (JP, A) JP-A-63-169649 (JP, A) JP-A-63-169654 (JP, A) JP-A-60-189649 59353 (JP, A) JP-A-1-172958 (JP, A) JP-A-1-214867 (JP, A) JP-A-64-6962 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ^6, DB name) G03G 5/05 101 G03G 5/047 G03G 5/14 101

Claims (20)

(57) [Claims] 1. A photoreceptor comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer laminated on a support, wherein at least one of the charge generation layer and the charge transfer layer comprises a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester. An electrophotographic photoreceptor formed of a vapor-deposited film made of a polycarbonate having an oligomer obtained by polycondensation through transesterification as a precursor. 2. The charge generation layer is formed of a vapor-deposited film composed of a charge generation agent and a polycarbonate having an oligomer obtained as a precursor by condensation polymerization by transesterification of a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein: 3. The charge transfer layer is formed of a vapor-deposited film composed of a charge transfer agent and a polycarbonate having an oligomer as a precursor obtained by polycondensation through transesterification of a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein: 4. An undercoat layer formed from a vapor-deposited film containing a polycarbonate having an oligomer obtained by condensation polymerization of a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester as a precursor is provided on a support. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the oligomer is in a liquid state. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the oligomer is from 10 ³ to 10 ⁴ . 7. A photoreceptor provided with a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer laminated on a support, wherein at least one of the charge generation layer and the charge transfer layer comprises a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester. In the production of an electrophotographic photoreceptor formed of a vapor-deposited film, the charge generator and the oligomer are simultaneously vapor-deposited on the support in the production of an electrophotographic photoreceptor formed of a polycarbonate having an oligomer obtained by condensation polymerization by transesterification as a precursor. A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising forming the charge generation layer. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the charge generating agent and the oligomer are co-evaporated as different evaporation sources. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the composition containing the charge generating agent and the oligomer is deposited as a single evaporation source.
The method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above. 10. The electron according to claim 9, wherein the composition comprising the charge generating agent and the oligomer is obtained by condensation-polymerizing a mixture of the charge generating agent, a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester under heating. Manufacturing method of photoreceptor. 11. A photoreceptor comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer laminated on a support, wherein at least one of the charge generation layer and the charge transfer layer comprises a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester. Consisting of a polycarbonate with an oligomer obtained by condensation polymerization by transesterification as a precursor,
In the production of an electrophotographic photoreceptor formed from a deposited film,
A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising: evaporating only the oligomer at an early stage of vapor deposition, and subsequently simultaneously depositing a charge generating agent and the oligomer to form the charge generating layer. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the charge generating agent and the oligomer are co-evaporated as different evaporation sources.
The method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition containing the charge generating agent and the oligomer is deposited as a single evaporation source.
12. The method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to 11. 14. The electron according to claim 13, wherein the composition comprising the charge generating agent and the oligomer is obtained by subjecting a mixture of the charge generating agent, a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate to polycondensation under heating. Manufacturing method of photoreceptor. 15. A photoreceptor comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer laminated on a support, wherein at least one of the charge generation layer and the charge transfer layer comprises a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester. Consisting of a polycarbonate with an oligomer obtained by condensation polymerization by transesterification as a precursor,
In the production of an electrophotographic photoreceptor formed from a deposited film,
A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein a charge transfer agent and said oligomer are simultaneously deposited on said support to form a charge transfer layer. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the charge transfer agent and the oligomer are co-evaporated as different evaporation sources.
The method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprising the charge transfer agent and the oligomer is deposited as a single evaporation source.
15. The method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to 15. 18. The electron according to claim 17, wherein the composition comprising the charge transfer agent and the oligomer is obtained by condensation-polymerizing a mixture of the charge transfer agent, a bishydroxy compound and a carbonate ester under heating. Manufacturing method of photoreceptor. 19. The method according to claim 7, wherein the oligomer is in a liquid state. 20. The oligomer having a weight average molecular weight of 10 ³ to 10 ^4.
20. The method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 19, wherein: