JP2926343B2 - Universal drilling section shield drilling method and shield drilling device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a shield digging method capable of setting a shield digging cross section to an arbitrary shape and a shield digging apparatus suitable for applying to the method. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavation method and a shield excavation device which can be used for a mountain tunnel excavator and a special section tunnel excavator.

[Conventional technology]

7 and 8 show a conventional earth pressure shield excavator. The rotating shaft c of the cutter head b disposed on the front surface of the shield machine main body a is supported by a bearing e disposed on the bulkhead d, and the shield machine main body is fixed to the large gear f fixed to the rotating shaft c. A small gear h provided on a drive shaft of a drive motor g mounted on a is engaged with the drive motor g to drive and rotate the cutter head b. By this rotation drive, the cutter bit i mounted on the cutter head b excavates the ground, takes in the excavated soil into the cutter chamber j defined by the bulkhead d in the shield main body a, and carries it out by the screw conveyor k. It has become. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a surplus (copy cutter) device built in the cutter head. This overhanging device increases the amount of excavation in the bending direction of the shield machine, thereby facilitating the excavation of the bent shield (hatched portions in FIGS. 8 and 10).

9 and 10 show a conventional mud shield type excavator. In this apparatus, a mud feed pipe m, a mud feed pipe n, and an agitator apparatus o are attached to a bulk hat d that partitions a cutter chamber j at a front part of a shield body a. After being taken into the chamber j and sent through the mud feeding pipe m, it is discharged through the mud discharging pipe n.

In this drawing, a small-diameter muddy shield excavator is shown, and it is considered that a lower space inside the shield machine is widened by inclining the cutter head b.

In the case of the inclined cutter head, since the shape of the tip part p of the shield hood part is elliptical, the extra cutting device 1 is required.

By the way, in the above-mentioned conventional shield excavator, the excavation cross section has to be a circular cross section formed by the rotating plane of the cutter head, and shield excavation to an arbitrary cross section cannot be performed. For this reason, for example, in the case of a road tunnel or a double-track railway tunnel, a circular shield excavation of a large section is performed, or as shown in FIGS. There has been proposed a method for excavating a cross section of a tunnel having a shape of a eyebrows. The one shown in FIG. 11 is equipped with a plurality of spoke-type cutter heads, meshes adjacent cutter heads like gears, controls synchronous rotation, and excavates the face in the same plane as in the conventional circular cross section. Like DOT
(Multiple mud pressure) This is known as a shield method. On the other hand, the one shown in Fig. 12 superimposes the cutter heads back and forth with a phase difference, and changes the rotation direction of each cutter head freely to control the attitude of the shield excavator while forming It is designed to excavate all at once, and is known as MF (multi-face) shield method.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, even in the above-mentioned conventional method of excavating a special cross section, there is a problem that the excavation of a circular cross section is basically only a splicing operation, and a shield excavation with a shape of an arbitrary cross section cannot be actually performed. As described above, some cutter heads are provided with copy cutters that move in and out on the outer periphery as extra boring devices, which perform extra boring when performing a sharp curve excavation. It is at most 250 mm and does not assume a special cross section excavation.In order to secure the protrusion amount necessary for excavating a special arbitrary cross section, a larger protrusion amount must be set in practice At the same time, it is also necessary to provide a mechanism for accommodating this in the normal cutter head, and it has been very difficult to excavate a special section by using a copy cutter.

Further, in the above-mentioned conventional earth pressure shield excavator, since it is necessary to increase the installation space of the screw discharging screw conveyor k, the installation of the cutter head drive unit including the motor g, each gear f, h, etc. is required. However, there is also a problem that the space of the above is limited, the reduction ratio in the drive unit cannot be made large, and the cutter torque is limited.

In addition, in order to avoid interference between the cutter driving unit and the screw conveyor k, it is necessary to lengthen the shield machine length, and the steering performance decreases with the increase in the shield machine length, which causes a problem that it becomes difficult to construct a sharp curve portion. There is also a disadvantage that the cost is increased.

Further, in the conventional muddy water shield excavator shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, since it is necessary to increase the installation space for the mud feeding pipe m, the mud discharging pipe n and the agitator device o, the cutter head is Although it is tilted (many in small diameter systems), the space for the cutter driving unit is limited, and the reduction ratio of the driving unit speed reducer cannot be made large, and the driving torque of the cutter head decreases.

Further, the structure is complicated by inclining the cutter head, and the cost is increased. In any of the above-mentioned shield excavators, the extra excavator cannot secure the free extension and retraction of the increasing stroke due to its structure. Moreover,
Functionally, due to the action of the two elements (described above), the surplus excavation of the free cross section is limited to a limited range, so that shield excavation of virtually any cross section cannot be performed.

The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to rotate a cutting arm provided so as to be able to protrude and retract from the outer periphery of a cutter head,
A free excavation section that can excavate a tunnel section of an arbitrary shape by adjusting (controlling) the cutting arm so that it can freely move in and out of a predetermined excavation section by using two elements of the excentric action provided to the cutter head. An object of the present invention is to provide a shield excavation method and a shield excavation device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a shield excavator which can secure a sufficient space for equipment installation in a shield machine body, has a simple structure, and is excellent in high water pressure, durability and economy.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, a method of shield digging with a freely digging section according to the present invention comprises a drum mounted concentrically or eccentrically with a shield axis on a shield machine body, and eccentrically mounted on the drum. The rotation of the cutter head is controlled independently, and the amount of protrusion of the cutting arm attached to the outer periphery of the cutter head is adjusted to adjust the amount of protrusion. Any cross section can be excavated within the range of the trajectory. Further, the shield excavator according to the present invention comprises a shield machine body, a drum mounted on the shield machine body concentrically or eccentrically with respect to the shield axis so as to be rotatable, and a rotation center with respect to the drum. It is configured to include a cutting arm that is eccentrically mounted so as to be rotatable and that can be driven to protrude and retract on the outer periphery.

[Action]

According to the above configuration, the maximum protrusion amount of the cutting arm that enters and exits the outer periphery of the cutter head is, when the drum that supports the cutter head eccentrically coincides with the axis of the shield machine, the cutter head is driven by the rotation of the drum. The value is obtained by adding the amount of protrusion of the cutting arm to the eccentric rotation locus.
Therefore, by controlling the protrusion amount of the cutting arm and controlling the rotation of the drum and the cutter head within the range of the total protrusion amount, an arbitrary trajectory can be drawn at the tip of the cutting arm. That is, the range surrounded by the outline of the shield machine main body is excavated entirely by the eccentric driving action of the cutter head, even if the cutter head has a smaller diameter than the shield machine main body, and is outside the rotation maximum locus of the cutter head. An arbitrary predetermined excavation trajectory can be drawn by a mechanism of a cutting arm which is built-in so as to protrude and retract on the outer periphery of the cutter head. Thus, the unexcavated portion of the outer peripheral portion of the cutter head can perform shield excavation on an arbitrary cross section such as a rectangular cross section or an ellipse by arbitrarily controlling the amount of protrusion of the cutting arm.

In addition, since the cutter head is mounted eccentrically on the drum, its drive unit can be arranged eccentrically, so that the equipment for discharging the earth in the shield machine, or the equipment such as the agitator equipment in the muddy water shield excavator The space for use can be provided sufficiently wide, and the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head can be discharged by the discharging device installed in the space. In addition, the unexcavated portion caused by making the diameter of the cutter head smaller than the diameter of the shield machine is excavated in two ways by the eccentric driving action of the cutter head and the action of the cutting arm.

〔Example〕

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, specific embodiments of a method and a shield excavating apparatus for a freely excavating section according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a muddy water shield excavator. As shown in the figure, the shield excavator has a cylindrical shield machine body 10, and a bulkhead ring gutter 12 is formed on the front trunk side of the shield machine body 10 so as to partition the inside and the outside. In the center of the bulkhead ring gutter 12, a through portion serving as a bearing portion is formed, and the drum 14 is rotatably mounted on the through portion. The drum 14 is a rotating cylindrical body partially also serving as a bulkhead, and has a ring gear 16 formed of an internal gear formed on an inner surface facing the shield machine main body 10 side.
The output gear 20 of the drum motor 18 installed in a fixed state is driven to rotate.

On the other hand, the drum 14 rotatably attached to the shield machine main body 10 has a cutter head for rotating for excavation.
22 is mounted eccentrically, so that the drum 14 has its rotation center B (in the case of the embodiment, the main body of the shield machine).
This is an eccentric drum having an eccentric bearing 24 formed at a fixed distance e from the center of the shaft 10). The cutter head 22 has a smaller diameter than the shield machine main body 10, rotates eccentrically by the rotation of the eccentric drum 14, and forms a circular locus whose radius is the sum (r + e) of the radius r of the cutter head 22 and its eccentricity e. Operated to draw. The cutter head 22 is disposed at a predetermined interval from the bulkhead ring gutter 12 to form a shield chamber 26 as a space surrounded by the front edge tubular portion of the shield machine body 10. Also, the cutter head 22
A shaft cylinder 28 projecting from the rear surface of the cutter head 22 is mounted on the eccentric bearing 24 via a cutter head support 25 in order to rotationally drive the cutter head 22. As shown in FIG. 1, the rear end of the shaft cylinder 28 is connected to the cutter head support 25, and is rotatable via the bearing of the support 25. Then, the drive shaft of the drive motor 32 installed in the eccentric drum 14 passes through the inner ring gear 30 with respect to the inner ring gear 30 in the cutter head 25, and the drive gear 34 attached to the inner ring gear 30 meshes. ing. Therefore, by operating the drive motor 32, the cutter head 22 is driven to rotate about the eccentric bearing portion 24 of the eccentric drum 14.

The small-diameter cutter head 22 attached to the eccentric drum 14 has a cutter bit 36 on the front surface.
The cutter bit 36 has a built-in cutting arm unit 38 which can be moved in and out of the outer peripheral surface. This unit 38 is built in four places at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 22, and has a cutting arm 40 that protrudes and protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 22, a hydraulic jack or a screw jack for protruding and retracting the cutting arm 40. Actuator 42, and the aforementioned cutting arm 40
And a cutter bit 44 provided on the front surface of the. When the actuator 42 is operated by this configuration, the cutting arm 40 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 22, and the cutting operation of the cutter head 22 causes the earth and sand to be excavated. In particular, in this embodiment, the cutter bit 44 provided on the front surface of the cutting arm 40 is configured to be rotated by itself, so that rotation excavation is possible. This can be realized, for example, by mounting the cutter bit 44 as a cylindrical body on the front surface of the distal end of the arm 40 so as to be rotatable, and transmitting rotation to a rotating shaft via a gear mechanism or the like.

In the drawing, reference numeral 46 denotes a hydraulic pipe for the actuator 42 such as a cutting arm jack, and 48 denotes a cutter head.
This is a hydraulic pipe to a drive motor 32 that rotates the motor 22. Since these hydraulic pipes 46 and 48 are arranged in a rotating system, they are connected to a rotary joint 50 installed on the shield machine main body 10 side as a fixed system, and are connected to a hydraulic pipe 52 behind the bulkhead communicating with a hydraulic pressure source. I am trying to connect.

Further, the shield excavator includes the cutter head.
A large space for installation of earth removal equipment is formed in the lower front part of the shield machine main body 10 caused by disposing the transmission units of the driving force such as the drive motor 32 and the drive motor 32 eccentrically by the eccentric amount e. You. Utilizing this space, shield chamber 24
Agitator devices 54a, 54b and mud pipes 56a, 5
6b is disposed so as not to interfere with the drive unit of the cutter head 22 and the eccentric drum 14.
The shield chamber 24 formed between the face surface and the bulkhead surface temporarily holds the excavated soil, and the agitator devices 54a, 5a.
The mixture is agitated by 4b and discharged backward through the drainage pipes 56a and 56b.

In the earth pressure shield type excavator, a screw conveyor device is installed in the bulkhead ring gutter 12 instead of the agitator devices 54a and 54b and the drainage pipes 56a and 56b.

Since the illustrated embodiment is configured as described above,
The cutter head 22 is driven and rotated to excavate the ground by the cutter bit 44, the excavated soil is taken into the shield chamber 24, and agitated by the agitator devices 54a and 54b, and the sludge pipe is discharged.
The shield jack 60 is extended while supporting the reaction force with the segments 58 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the side hole (toll road) formed behind it as it is discharged at 56a and 56b and the shield machine excavates And propel the shield excavator.
The bulkhead ring gutter 12 and the eccentric drum 14 of the shield machine main body 10 support the earth pressure and the muddy water pressure generated in the shield chamber 24.

In the shield excavator as described above, the small-diameter cutter head 22 is eccentric from the shield machine axis B by an amount e,
Since the cutter head 22 is attached to the eccentric drum 14, only the cutter bit 44 attached to the small-diameter cutter head 22 can excavate only the circumscribed circle in which the cutter head 22 rotates and excavates.

For this reason, hydraulic pressure is supplied to an actuator 42 such as a cutting arm jack via a hydraulic pipe 52, a rotary joint 50, and a hydraulic pipe 46, and the cutting arm unit 38 is linked with the turning of the small-diameter cutter head 22 and the shield machine shaft is rotated. The shield machine body is made to protrude and retract from the same small-diameter cutter head 22 in conjunction with the rotation of the eccentric drum 14 which is arranged coaxially with the core B or eccentric.
Control to excavate the area that matches the 10 shield geometry.

FIG. 3 shows a control state of the stroke of the cutter bit 44 of the cutting arm unit 38 when excavating the ellipse Z. The small-diameter cutter head 22 has an eccentric amount e with the rotation of the eccentric drum 14. 2 shows a change in the stroke amount twice as large as that in FIG.

Also, the positions 40i, 40j, 40k, 4
It is necessary to control the stroke corresponding to 0l, 40m, 40n, and 40o.

4 and 5 show the cutting arm unit 38.
Shows a stroke control target value of the cutting arm 40 in FIG.

When excavating the ellipse Z, the control target value L is the amount by which the cutting arm 40 should project from the cutter head 22 at an arbitrary angle θ passing through the center of the shield machine body 10.

Now, when turning interlocking cutter head 22 and the eccentric drum 14, the locus of the outer periphery of the cutter head ^{22, x 2 + y 2 = R} 0 2 , and the drilling trajectory of the outermost lateral portions the track; x ² + y ² = R ₀ ² to x
(Twice the eccentricity e) in the direction of the axis 2e moved arc ^{(x ± 2e) 2 + y} 2 = a R ₁ ^2. Also, the cutter head 22 of the cutting arm 40
When 2e the maximum protruding amount from, the R ₀ = R _1.

Therefore, each excavation position 40 of the cutting arm 40
Control target value L at i, 40j, 40k, 40l, 40m, 40n, 40o
Is the intersection point P ₁ (x ₁ , y ₁ ) of a straight line y = tan θ × x and a circumscribed circle C: x ² + y ² = R ₀ ² generated by the rotary excavation of the cutter head 22, and a straight line y = tan θ × x And shield machine circumcircle (x ± 2
^e) given by ² + y ² = R ₁ ² intersection of the P ₂ (x _2, the distance between _{y 2) (P 1 P 2} ). Therefore, the control target value L is given as L ² = (x ₁ −x ₂ ) ² + (y ₁ −y ₂ ) ² . Therefore, it suffices to control the actuator 42 and the drive motor 32 by supplying a hydraulic pressure so as to obtain such a value.

In the case of performing an elliptical excavation, as shown in FIG. 6, it can be easily performed by determining an elliptical trajectory that causes the cutting arm 40 to protrude even in the short-axis portion and performing the protruding control. Furthermore, when performing a rectangular excavation section,
In FIG. 5, at the same time as performing the protrusion control so that the cutting arm 40 has the maximum protrusion amount on the straight line of θ = 45 degrees and 135 degrees, the forward and reverse rotation control of the eccentric drum 14 and the cutter head 22 is performed. Attention should be paid so that incomplete excavation does not occur during corner excavation.

According to this embodiment, as described above, the small-diameter cutter head 22 is reduced in size so as to have a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the shield machine body 10, and the driving unit of the cutter head 22 is also reduced in size accordingly. it can. In addition, since the axis A of the cutter head 22 is eccentrically arranged by the eccentric amount e on the eccentric drum 14 coaxially arranged with the axis B of the shield machine main body 10, the In the lower front,
The earth pressure shield type excavator has a screw conveyor, and the muddy water type shield excavator has a large space for installing a drain pipe and an agitator device. For this reason, installation of the above-mentioned earth removal device and agitator device becomes easy, and maintenance becomes easy.

Further, the manholes provided in the bulkhead ring gutter 12 can be largely removed, and can be effectively used as access holes for maintenance.

In addition, since it is not necessary to increase the shield length in order to secure these installation spaces, there is an advantage that steering performance is not reduced and excavation of a sharp curve is facilitated.

In addition, by adding an eccentric mechanism (eccentric rotation) element to a copy cutter device (slidable expansion / contraction) element incorporated in the conventional revolving body (cutter head 22), it is possible to excavate a freely excavated cross section, thereby reducing costs. Up factor can be minimized.

Further, according to the above-described embodiment, by reducing the size of the small-diameter cutter head 22, the excavation energy of the shield excavator can be reduced, and the structure of the cutter head driving unit can be reduced, thereby simplifying the structure. This constitutes a shielded excavator that is highly durable and economical under high-pressure water.

Further, according to the above-described embodiment, the face pressure in the lower space of the small-diameter cutter head 22 or the eccentric drum 14,
Since water pressure acts, in the case of an earth pressure shield excavator, thrust can be given to the earth and sand intake of the screw conveyor for earth discharging, and earth discharging is performed smoothly, and soil and the like in the bulk head are cut off by the cutter head. By increasing the stirring effect in combination with the eccentric rotation of the connecting body of 22 and the drive unit thereof, plastic fluidization of the earth and sand is promoted, the earth pressure can be controlled at the tip of the screw, and the safety of the face is improved.

Even in the muddy shield excavator, the agitator devices 54a and 54b provided in the bulkhead unit improve the stirring effect in the bulkhead.

Further, according to the above embodiment, when earth and sand are pushed up by the cutting arm device in the direction of the crown (crown portion), the earth pressure on the ceiling is increased, and the collapse of the face is reduced.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the method and the apparatus for freely digging a shield according to the present invention, a cutter head having a smaller diameter than the machine is eccentrically mounted on the front of the shield machine from the shield machine axis or the same eccentric axis. The cutter head drive unit and the eccentric drive unit are also reduced in size by being disposed on the eccentric rotation drive unit that has been set, and the eccentric rotation drive unit is disposed eccentrically with respect to its axis in the shield machine. In this case, the space for the earth removal, the earth removal equipment and the agitator device is ensured, and the removal space for the earth removal equipment is easily increased, so that it is easy to remove obstacles such as large-diameter gravel.

In addition, the retracting speed and stroke of a plurality of cutting arm devices built into the cutter head are controlled in accordance with the turning speed of the cutter head, and furthermore, the eccentric turning drive unit having the same driving unit is freely excavated. By freely turning and controlling according to the cross section, free excavation becomes possible,
Excavation of irregular cross section and free cross section is ensured.

Further, according to the present invention, in order to secure equipment space such as the above-mentioned earth removal equipment, the cutter head and its drive unit are reduced in size, and the eccentric drum provided with the drive unit is also attached to the shield machine shaft center. It is only necessary to perform the centering or eccentricity, and it is not necessary to increase the shield machine length, so that it is possible to minimize the factor of cost increase without lowering the steering performance.

In addition, since the cutter head diameter is reduced, the excavating energy of the shield machine is saved, and the eccentric turning drive unit for eccentrically turning the cutter head driving unit is downsized, so that the cost can be reduced.

Still further, by the plurality of cutting arm devices built in and out of the cutter head portion, an unexcavated portion caused by downsizing the cutter head is also excavated by the same cutter head in combination with the eccentric turning element. Thereby, free excavation becomes possible, and an irregular cross section and a free cross section can be excavated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing an embodiment of a shielded excavator with a freely excavated section equipped with an eccentric mechanism according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same apparatus, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a stroke control range of a cutter bit in a cutting arm device. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a locus of a cutter head of a shield excavator during excavation of an oval cross section, and a locus of a cutter bit of a cutting arm device. FIG. 6 is a coordinate explanatory view showing the target value of the stroke control of the cutter bit when excavating an elliptical cross section by the action of the arm device and the eccentric drum. FIG. 6 shows the control range of the extra excavation stroke during the elliptical excavation in the cutting arm device and the eccentric drive device. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional mud shield excavator, and FIG. Illustration of excavation range of the cutter, Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional soil pressure circuit shield excavating machine, FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a drilling range of copy cutter drilling excess of the apparatus, the
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal section and a front view of an actual example of a modified section shield excavator (earth pressure type), and FIG. 12 is a longitudinal section and a front view of an actual example of a modified section shield excavator (muddy water type). . 10 Shield body, 12 Bulkhead ring gutter, 14 Eccentric drum, 22 Cutter head, 24 Eccentric bearing, 38 Cutting arm unit.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cutter head concentrically or eccentrically mounted on a shield machine main body and a cutter head eccentrically mounted on the drum are independently controlled to rotate. By adjusting the amount of protrusion of the cutting arm attached to the outer periphery of the
A method for excavating a shield with a freely excavated cross section, wherein an arbitrary cross section can be excavated within a range between an outer peripheral locus of the eccentrically rotating cutter head and a locus of the tip of the cutting arm. 2. A shield machine main body, a drum mounted on the shield machine main body so as to be rotatable concentrically or eccentrically with a shield axis, and eccentrically rotated from the rotation center of the drum with respect to the drum. A shield excavator having a cutter head which is attached to the outer periphery and which can be driven to protrude and retract on the outer periphery.