JP2957941B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator useful for incinerating waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various types of incinerators using oil as a fuel for incineration of incinerated materials have been proposed. In the case of organic substances and the like, the odor is discharged together with the exhaust gas, and in the case of a polymer-based substance, dense smoke is particularly visible. In the case of decomposing harmful gases such as CFCs that are decomposed at 700 ° C or higher, research has been conducted on combustion and thermal decomposition using a special decomposer, but a device that can be economically decomposed is still proposed. It has not been.

[0003]

The problem to be solved is that, while using oil as fuel, the incinerated material can be ashed,
Moreover, the dust concentration in the exhaust gas is extremely low, no odor is emitted even in the case of organic matter, and almost no visible smoke is generated even in the case of high molecular weight substances. In addition, harmful gases such as chlorofluorocarbon gas are economically decomposed. It is to provide a possible incinerator.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an incinerator capable of incinerating incinerated materials using oil as a fuel. A combustion element capable of secondary combustion of the combustible gas flowing from the incinerator to the bottom of the combustion chamber at a high temperature, and the incineration chamber creates an incineration flow that is ejected upward from an air nozzle group at the bottom of the chamber. The combustion chamber is formed so as to be carbonizable and incinerated, and the combustion chamber is provided with an inner combustion spiral flow that is spirally ejected from an air nozzle group at the bottom of the chamber toward an upper exhaust side, The outer combustion swirl flow ejected from the side air nozzle group in the peripheral direction of the inner combustion spiral flow is formed so as to be able to be respectively created, and the flow velocity of the inner combustion spiral flow is faster than the outer combustion swirl flow. Key Characterized in that are enable.
Further, in the present invention, a precompression chamber in which the chamber pressure is adjusted to be higher than that of the incineration chamber is formed at the bottom of the incineration chamber, and the air nozzle group and the air supply element communicate with each other via the precompression chamber. . Further, the present invention is characterized in that a Freon gas feed element is connected to an air supply element side of the incineration chamber that reaches the air nozzle group. Further, in the present invention, a liquid storage element for storing a liquid incineration material is connected to an upper portion in the incineration chamber.

[0005]

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of an incinerator according to the present invention. The operation cycle includes incineration of incinerated material and secondary combustion of combustible gas generated from the incinerated material. Prepared period, gasification period in which incinerated materials are incinerated and flammable gas generated from the incinerated materials is secondarily burned, and incinerated carbonized char is ashed and secondary combustion of flammable gas is continued The operation is automatically stopped in the order of the fire period and the secondary combustion of the combustible gas and the cooling period for cooling the carbides, and the operation is stopped and controlled by the CPU. The incinerator 2 is mounted on the upper frame 1a of the frame 1, and the combustion tower 23 is mounted on the lower frame 1b. The upper part of the incinerator 3 in the incinerator 2 and the lower part of the combustion chamber 24 in the combustion tower 23 are connected by a communication pipe 20, and combustible gas G generated from the incinerated material incinerated in the incineration chamber 3 passes through the communication pipe 20 through the combustion chamber 20. twenty four
It is to lead to. Upper lid 4 in incinerator 2
Can be opened and closed by a motor 5, and the incinerated material can be lifted by a hoist 7 guided by a hoist rail 6 of the upper frame 1a and lowered into the incineration chamber 3.

The incinerator 2 has an incinerator 3 having a heat-resistant structure, and a preload chamber 8 is formed below the incinerator 3 so that air is supplied from a first blower 9 to the preload chamber 8. A plurality of first air nozzles 11 are disposed in the upper surface of the preload chamber 8, that is, in the center of the bottom 3 a in the incinerator 3, with their lower end openings being open to the preload chamber 8. Thus, the air passing through the chamber is sent to the first air nozzle 11 so that even if the incinerated material in the incineration chamber 3 is liquid such as waste oil, it does not flow back through the nozzle. For this reason, a well-known balancer 12 for pressure adjustment is connected to the preload chamber 8, and the pressure on the preload chamber 8 side is constantly changed from the preparation period to the stoppage of the operation in accordance with the pressure fluctuation in the incineration chamber 3. It is controlled so that it can be automatically adjusted to be higher. This first air nozzle 11
Are arranged in such a manner that the incineration flow a can be created by the air ejected from each nozzle toward the upper exhaust side, and the appropriate air flow rate is ejected according to each period from the preparation period to the cooling period and the operation stop. It is controlled to do. In addition, a plurality of second air nozzles 13 and a plurality of third air nozzles 1 communicating with the second blower 17 are provided on a peripheral side surface portion 3b in the incineration chamber 3, respectively.
4, a plurality of fourth air nozzles 15, a plurality of fifth air nozzles 16
Are arranged from the bottom to the top, and from each nozzle
It is arranged in such a manner that the swirling flow b can be created by air jetting obliquely downward in one direction along 3b, so that an appropriate air flow rate is jetted according to each period from the gasification period to the cooling period and operation stop. Is controlled.

[0007] A first blower 9 and a kerosene tank 19 are connected to an ignition burner 18 arranged with a crater on the bottom side of the incineration chamber 3 so as to be timely when incineration of the incinerated material starts in the gasification period. A waste liquid tank 21 is connected to the upper part of the incineration chamber 3, and is controlled so that waste liquid can be sent from the tank 21 into the incineration chamber 3 in a preparatory period. On the way from the first blower 9 to the preload chamber 8, a well-known Freon tank 22 with a fixed-quantity supply function is connected so that the Freon can be supplied to the incineration chamber 3 during the gasification phase in a timely manner. .

The combustion tower 23 has a combustion chamber 24 formed in a heat-resistant structure. A plurality of sixth air nozzles 25 communicating with the second blower 13 are provided at the center of a bottom 24a in the combustion chamber 24. A plurality of seventh air nozzles 26 communicating with the second blower 13 are provided below the lower portion 24b, a plurality of eighth air nozzles 27 communicating with the second blower 13 are provided above the same portion 24b, and Between the seventh air nozzle 26 and the auxiliary burner 28
Are provided respectively. The sixth air nozzle 25 sends the inner combustion helical flow c spouting spirally from each nozzle toward the upper exhaust portion 29 side by the seventh air nozzle 26 and the eighth air nozzle 26.
The air nozzle 27 ejects the upper combustion two-stage outer combustion swirl flow d which squirts obliquely downward in one direction along the peripheral side surface part 24b and swirls around the inner combustion spiral flow c in the same direction.
The inner combustion spiral flow c is controlled such that the flow velocity of the inner combustion spiral flow c is faster than the outer combustion swirl flow d. Is controlled so as to blow out an appropriate air flow rate according to.

A third blower 30 and a kerosene tank 19 are connected to the auxiliary burner 28, and the crater of the auxiliary burner 28 is located in the combustion chamber 24.
It is controlled to operate at appropriate times in each period. The exhaust portion 29 is connected to the downstream side of the connection portion of the Freon tank 22 in the first air system passage 10, and corresponds to the oxygen concentration in the incineration chamber 3, and the carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust portion 29 during the gasification period. Exhaust gas with an average concentration of 7% and an oxygen concentration of about 12% is recirculated to the incineration chamber 3 in a timely manner so that the oxygen concentration in the incineration chamber 3 is maintained at a certain level or less, so that an explosion due to excessive oxygen can be prevented. I have. In addition, a known exhaust gas treatment tower 31 capable of harmlessly processing harmful gases such as chlorine gas and an induction blower 32 are sequentially connected to the exhaust unit 29, and when the exhaust gas contains chlorine, a damper 29a of the exhaust unit 29 is provided. , And the damper 33 between the exhaust gas treatment tower 31 side is opened so that the chlorine system can be harmlessly treated.

Next, incineration / combustion operation from incineration, for example, tires, vinyls, and waste materials, which do not generate chlorine-based gas, to a shutdown through a gasification period, a fire period, and a cooling period by the above incinerator. The state (see FIG. 5) will be described. The damper 29a in the exhaust part 29 is open, the damper 33 between the exhaust gas treatment tower 31 is closed, and the induction blower 32 is stopped. <Preparation period> (1) The auxiliary combustion burner 28 starts operation and heats the interior temperature of the combustion chamber 24 to 500 ° C. or more before shifting to the gasification period. (2) Next, the first blower 9 is activated, and the incineration flow a by the air adjusted to the maximum flow rate (90%) ejected from the first air nozzle 11 through the preload chamber 8 flows into the incineration chamber 3. . (3) Next, the second blower 17 is activated, and inside the combustion chamber 24, the inner combustion spiral flow c by air adjusted to the base flow rate (20%) ejected from the sixth air nozzle 25, and the seventh air nozzle The outer combustion swirl flow d by the air adjusted to the base flow amount ejected from 26 flows. (4) Next, the incinerated material such as tires, vinyl, and waste materials are lifted by the hoist 7, and the incineration chamber 3 in which the incineration flow a flows.
After lowering the inside, the cover 4 is closed to finish the preparation period.

<Gasification Period> (5) When the combustion chamber 24 is heated to 500 ° C., the ignition burner 18 starts operating and ignites the incineration material in the incineration chamber 3. The ignition burner 18 stops after the set time has elapsed. (6) At the same time, the air flow rate ejected from the second air nozzle 13 is adjusted from the maximum flow rate to the set flow rate, and the air adjusted to the base flow rate is output from the third air nozzle 14, the fourth air nozzle 15, and the fifth air nozzle 16 The incineration of the incinerated material is started under the condition of blowing out the incineration flow a adjusted to the set flow rate and the swirl flow b adjusted to the base flow rate. (7) At the same time, the flow rate of air ejected from the sixth air nozzle 25 is gradually increased and adjusted from the base flow rate, and the air adjusted to the base flow rate is also ejected from the eighth air nozzle 27 to increase the inner combustion spiral. The secondary combustion of the combustible gas flowing from the incineration chamber 3 through the communication pipe 20 under the blowing condition of the flow c and the outer combustion swirl flow d having a lower flow rate than the inner combustion spiral flow c adjusted to the base combustion spiral flow c Start. (8) Next, when the indoor temperature of the combustion chamber 24 reaches 850 ° C., the auxiliary burner 28 stops operating. (9) Next, the flow rate of air ejected from the sixth air nozzle 25 is
When the air flow reaches 80%, the air flow rate from the seventh air nozzle 26 is increased, and then the air flow rate from the eighth air nozzle 27 is also increased to increase the inner combustion spiral flow c and the outer combustion swirl flow d. , The secondary combustion of the combustible gas is continued. (10) Next, the combustible gas which continues to be generated as the incineration in the incineration chamber 3 proceeds is secondary-combusted in the combustion chamber 24, and at the time when the amount of generated gas becomes maximum, the temperature of the combustion chamber is 1200 ° C
Reach Thereafter, as the amount of generated gas decreases, the temperature of the combustion chamber 24 drops to approximately 1000 ° C. and stabilizes. At the same time, the air flow rate from each nozzle returns to the base flow rate in the order of the eighth air nozzle 27, the seventh air nozzle 26, and the sixth air nozzle 25. (11) Next, near the end of the gasification period, while the air flow rate from the first air nozzle 11 that was decreasing earlier is again increased and adjusted, when the temperature of the combustion chamber 24 falls to 750, the auxiliary combustion is started. The burner 28 resumes operation, and when the room temperature of the incinerator 3 reaches 800 ° C., the incineration is carbonized and the gasification phase is terminated. During this gasification period, the oxygen concentration in the incineration chamber 3 is kept at a certain level or lower by the exhaust gas which is appropriately recirculated from the exhaust part 29.

<Occurrence of fire> (12) The incineration chamber 3 is maintained at 800 ° C., the incineration of the carbonized carbide proceeds, and the amount of air flow from the first air nozzle 11 is reduced. (13) Even after detecting that the incineration of the carbide in the incineration chamber 3 has progressed and the gasification has ended, the auxiliary combustion burner 28 is repeatedly operated and stopped to maintain the inside of the combustion chamber 24 in the range of 750 to 900 ° C. The incineration of the carbide is terminated while continuing the secondary combustion of the combustible gas under the blowing state of the inner combustion spiral flow c and the outer combustion swirl flow d with reduced momentum.

<Cooling Period> (14) In the incineration chamber 3, the fifth air nozzle 16, the first air nozzle 11, the second air nozzle 13, the fourth air nozzle 15, and the third air nozzle
In the order of the air nozzles 14, the respective air flow rates are increased to the maximum flow rates, and the cooling of the incineration chamber 3 proceeds. (15) The auxiliary burner 28 stops operating when the flow rate of the air ejected from the first air nozzle 11 reaches the maximum flow rate. (16) Then, when the temperature of the incinerator 3 drops to 50 ° C., the air flow rate from the first air nozzle 11, the second air nozzle 13, the third air nozzle 14, the fourth air nozzle 15, and the fifth air nozzle 16 is changed to the base flow rate. Return to finish the cooling period. (17) Next, after a certain period of time, all operations are stopped, and incineration / combustion is terminated.

Thus, the incinerated tires, vinyl, and waste materials are incinerated to be carbonized, and furthermore, the carbides can be incinerated and made intangible, and the incinerated gasified combustible gas can be removed. By burning the combustible components by secondary combustion, the dust concentration in the exhaust gas is extremely low, no odor is emitted even if the incinerated material is organic, etc. do not do. Then, in the combustion chamber 24, the combustible gas is subjected to secondary combustion under the blowing condition of the inner combustion spiral flow c and the outer combustion swirl flow d that swirls around the inner combustion spiral flow c in the same direction and slowly. The combustible gas is primarily agitated and dispersed by the inner combustion spiral flow c and further secondary agitated and dispersed by the outer combustion swirl flow d, whereby the mixing ratio with air (oxygen) is increased and the combustion rate is high. In the gasification period, since the exhaust gas is recirculated from the exhaust part 29 to the incineration chamber 3 in a timely manner to keep the oxygen concentration in the chamber at a certain level or less, an explosion accident due to excessive oxygen does not occur.

Next, a description will be given of a state in which CFCs are decomposed simultaneously during the incineration / combustion operation. The damper 29a in the exhaust part 29 is closed, and the damper 33 between the exhaust part 29 and the exhaust gas treatment tower 31 is open. Then, the induction blower 32 starts to operate for the first time in the preparation period, and continues to operate until the cooling period ends. During the gasification period, when the temperature of the combustion chamber 24 reaches 850 ° C., the CFC is sent from the CFC tank 22 to the incineration chamber 3. The CFC flows into the combustion chamber 24 together with the flammable gas without being decomposed, is burned, and is decomposed into carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and the like.
After flowing into 31 and detoxifying, it is exhausted. Since the combustion chamber 24 is maintained at 750 ° C. or higher until the beginning of the cooling period in which the auxiliary burner 28 stops operating, the decomposition of CFCs can be performed until the end of the fire period. Thereby, it is possible to decompose and detoxify the chlorofluorocarbon gas and exhaust it.

Next, a description will be given of a state in which waste oil is simultaneously burned during the incineration / combustion operation. During the gasification phase,
Waste oil is sent from the waste liquid tank 21 to the incineration chamber 3. The waste oil is burned and gasified, and the combustible gas flows into the combustion chamber 24 and is exhausted after being subjected to secondary combustion. The combustion of this waste oil
This can be done until the end of the gasification phase. Thereby, even the waste oil can be burned and exhausted. Further, this waste oil treatment can also be performed in parallel with the above-mentioned chlorofluorocarbon decomposition.

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention. Since the configuration is basically the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the description of the common configuration will be omitted. Then, a different configuration will be described. Side-by-side combustion tower
The snow melting element between the exhaust part 29 and the exhaust gas treatment tower 31 in 23
The snow melting element 34 heats the snow melting tank 35 with hot air of 800 to 1000 ° C. flowing from the exhaust unit 29 to the exhaust gas treatment tower 31 to melt the snow thrown into the tank. Then, the water is heated and sprayed on the snow in the tank as a hot water shower to melt the snow. Thereby, it is possible to incinerate and melt snow at the same time. Also,
The surplus hot water can be supplied to a separately formed snow-melting floor and used to melt the snow thrown away on the floor over time.

[0018]

【The invention's effect】

A. According to claim 1, tires, vinyls, which are incinerated,
By incinerating waste material to char, and furthermore, this char can be incinerated and made intangible, and by burning the combustible gas incinerated and gasified to burn combustible components, The dust concentration in the exhaust gas is extremely low,
Even when the incinerated material is an organic matter, no odor is emitted, and even if it is a polymer-based material, almost no visible smoke is generated. Then, in the combustion chamber, the combustible gas is subjected to secondary combustion under a blowing state of an inner combustion spiral flow and an outer combustion swirl flow that swirls around the inner combustion spiral flow in one direction and slowly.
The combustible gas is primarily agitated and dispersed by the inner combustion spiral flow, and further secondary agitated and dispersed by the outer combustion swirl flow, thereby increasing the mixing ratio with air (oxygen) and increasing the combustion rate. In addition, since the outer combustion swirling flow intervenes between the flame surface and the flame of the combustion chamber where the temperature rises, the wall fatigue due to heat can be reduced. B. According to the second aspect, the pressure in the precompression chamber at the bottom of the incineration chamber is adjusted to be higher than that in the incineration chamber, and the air nozzle group and the air supply element communicate with each other through this precompression chamber. In addition, even if the incineration material in the incineration chamber is a liquid such as waste oil, the incineration does not flow back through the nozzle. Accordingly, the preload chamber is not contaminated and does not need to be cleaned. C. According to the third aspect, during the incineration / combustion, the chlorofluorocarbon gas is sent into the incineration chamber, and can be simultaneously decomposed in the combustion chamber at the time of the secondary combustion of the combustible gas. it can. D. According to the fourth aspect, the liquid incineration material such as waste oil is sent from the liquid storage element to the upper part of the incineration chamber, and the gasified combustible gas is secondarily burned in the combustion chamber, so that the dust concentration in the exhaust gas is extremely low and is visible. Almost no smoke is generated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view illustrating an embodiment of an incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the entire apparatus.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a combustion tower.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of (4)-(4) in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a time chart of incineration and combustion.

FIG. 6 is a front view illustrating another embodiment of the incinerator according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 frame 1a upper frame 1b lower frame 2 incinerator (incineration element) 3 incinerator 3a bottom of incinerator 3b peripheral side of incinerator 4 lid 5 motor 6 hoist rail 7 hoist 8 preload chamber 9 first blower 10 first Air system 11 First air nozzle 12 Balancer 13 Second air nozzle 14 Third air nozzle 15 Fourth air nozzle 16 Fifth air nozzle 17 Second blower a Incineration flow b Swirling flow 18 Ignition burner 19 Kerosene tank 20 Communication pipe 21 Waste liquid tank 22 Freon tank 23 Combustion tower (combustion element) 24 Combustion chamber 24a Bottom of combustion chamber 24b Peripheral side surface of combustion chamber 25 6th air nozzle 26 7th air nozzle 27 8th air nozzle 28 burner burner 29 Exhaust section 29a Exhaust section damper 30 Third blower c Inner combustion spiral flow d Outer combustion swirl flow 31 Exhaust gas treatment tower 32 Induction blower 33 Damper

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] An incinerator capable of incinerating incinerated materials using oil as fuel, comprising: an incineration element capable of incinerating incinerated materials in an incinerator and gasifying; and a combustible gas flowing from the incinerator to the bottom of the combustion chamber. It consists of a combustion element capable of secondary combustion at high temperature, the incineration chamber creates an incineration flow that is ejected upward from a group of air nozzles at the bottom of the chamber, and forms the incineration into carbonized and incinerated form. In the combustion chamber, an inner combustion spiral flow spouting spirally from the air nozzle group at the bottom of the chamber toward the upper exhaust side, and a direction around the inner combustion spiral flow from the air nozzle group at the peripheral side of the chamber. An incinerator characterized by being formed so as to be able to respectively produce an outer combustion swirl flow spouting toward it, and capable of adjusting the flow velocity of the inner combustion spiral flow faster than the outer combustion swirl flow. 2. A precompression chamber having a chamber pressure adjusted to be higher than that of the incineration chamber is formed at the bottom of the incineration chamber, and the air nozzle group and the air supply element communicate with each other via the precompression chamber. The incinerator according to claim 1. 3. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a fluorocarbon gas feed element is connected to the air supply element side of the incineration chamber that reaches the air nozzle group. 4. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a liquid storage element for storing a liquid incineration material is connected to an upper portion of the incineration chamber.