JP3026206B2 - Soil covering material made of vegetable fiber material - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil covering material used for a greening business or agriculture. Specifically, plant fiber materials such as forest products, wood materials, and cereal by-products
Fee, mixed with an appropriate amount of water-insoluble material which precipitated by adding water to the thermal decomposition solution, antiseptic, caking, water repellency, water-permeable high, suppress weeds, the growth of microorganisms, excellent appearance, It is intended to provide an inexpensive agricultural or horticultural covering material free of dust, having high durability, high stability, and flame retardancy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For a long time, straw, cut grass,
Fallen leaves and the like have been used, but they have the drawback of being scattered or washed away by wind and water. Also, in the greening business, consideration for aesthetics was poor. For the purpose of remedying these drawbacks, a method of mixing a fiber material with a foam hardening material (Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-8821), a method of adding vegetation paste and solidifying (Japanese Utility Model No. 3037025), and solidifying with a liquid adhesive Method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-55102), a method of molding with a water-soluble binder (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-71123), natural and synthetic adhesives such as soybean protein, starch, urea resin, carboxymethylcellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-199605) have been attempted, but none of these methods give sufficient consideration to aesthetics.

[0003] The pyrolysis liquid derived from carbonization or the like is divided into wood vinegar and wood tar, for example, in wood. The wood vinegar contains acetone, methanol, and organic acids such as acetic acid. Weed control and deodorant effects are known. Wood tar contains aromatic hydrocarbons such as cresol and guaiacol, and is known to have a preservative effect and a caking effect. However, most of them are discarded because there is a problem in refining and cost when a pyrolysis solution of a vegetable fiber material is used as a chemical raw material and the production amount is not large.

[0004] The thermal decomposition liquid of wood is obtained by, for example, leaving a liquid layer obtained by air-cooling and condensing flue gas generated during carbonization in a storage tank for a few days to several months, so that the upper layer of wood vinegar and the lower layer of black wood tar are removed. To separate. Nevertheless, part of the wood tar is dissolved in the upper layer of wood vinegar to form dissolved tar, and part of the wood vinegar is also dissolved in the wood tar. It takes time to separate, and there are many problems in the installation space such as storage tanks. Distillation is a method of quickly separating wood vinegar and wood tar, but this is problematic in terms of cost.

[0005] Asphalt, which has a part of components similar to the thermal decomposition liquid of vegetable fiber material , used as a water repellent, asphalt felt, insulation board and the like are known. Also, a coating material in which polyisobutylene is blended with asphalt (Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-44774), and a mulching material in which asphalt emulsion, bark, and paste are mixed and formed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-1686) are known.
However, the asphalt aliphatic hydrocarbons, although the coal tar contains many aromatic-containing hydrocarbons, cereals sub
The tar product low-boiling substances, diesel tar forest products, as such there are many heavy components, the handling of the asphalt as well as the pyrolysis liquid, there are many problems such as caking and stability. In view of the effect on the environment, it is desired to use the soil covering material by separating and removing water-soluble substances in the pyrolysis solution, and low boiling substances must be considered from the viewpoint of fire resistance.

Although a method of adding a flame retardant to a mulching material such as bark (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-116801) is known, an improvement is required in its color.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is important that the soil covering material does not easily scatter due to wind, water, etc., and that the aesthetic appearance is not impaired in a greening business. In particular, when used in pots, planters, and the like, one that suppresses the generation of dust is desired.
Wood and rice husk itself are easily washed away by rainwater,
Poor durability, requires dimensional stabilizer. It is also required that soil covering materials have little effect on rivers and plants, and that they do not rapidly decompose, decay and become brittle, nor cause nitrogen starvation. It is necessary to pay attention to environmental pollution when selecting a preservative to be used.

[0008] Since a fire occurs due to tossing of cigarettes, it is desired to develop a soil covering material that does not easily ignite. In addition, it is necessary that the flame retardant effect does not decrease due to rainfall or the like.

[0009] The pyrolysis liquid from the vegetable fiber material has various effects. However, many are discarded,
In particular, utilization development of tar components is desired. In addition, it is required to quickly establish a technique for separating and purifying a pyrolysis solution according to the purpose of use.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention is as follows. In the first invention, the plant fiber material and its pyrolysis liquid have a solid content of 35%.
By mixing an appropriate amount of a water-insoluble substance that precipitates by adding water as described below, the vegetable fiber material is colored brown, and at the same time, is imparted with an appropriate caking property. Stable vegetation that does not disperse easily
It is intended to provide a soil covering material made of a fiber material .
The second invention is that, by mixing the above-mentioned water-insoluble substance and an appropriate amount of a flame retardant, it is not easily ignited, and furthermore, the flame retardant is taken into a thermal decomposition solution, so that it is not easily eluted even in rainfall or the like.
An object of the present invention is to provide a soil covering material made of a vegetable fiber material having a flame retardant effect over a long period.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Woody plant materials include wood,
Forest products such as wood flour, chips, pulp, waste paper, bamboo and sasa
Cereal by-products such as food, rice straw, rice husk, and wheat straw .
Vegetable fiber material is crushed as it is or irregularly,
Mix with pyrolysis solution.

The pyrolysis liquid is obtained by heat-treating forest products such as wood, wood flour, chips, pulp, waste paper, bamboo and sasa, and cereal by-products such as rice straw, rice husk and wheat straw. , Bamboo vinegar, rice vinegar, rice tar, and the like. For example, a charcoal production process, a method for producing an oil adsorbent, and a continuous production apparatus thereof (Japanese Patent No. 2594507)
Publication). Water is added to the pyrolysis solution, stirred, and left for several hours to precipitate water-insoluble substances. When the solid content at 105 ° C. is about 35% or less, the main component of the solvent is water, and low-molecular-weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are condensed and settled, so that separation from water-soluble substances can be quickly performed. The amount of water added may be about the same amount as the pyrolysis liquid to about 5 times. Even if the amount of water added is large, there is no significant change in the recovery rate of water-insoluble substances. The standing time may be about 0.1 to 12 hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours. In addition to water-soluble substances such as sugars and organic acids, combustible light oil and low-boiling substances migrate to the water surface and the water layer, and are separated from water-insoluble substances. Removal of water-soluble substances, light oils and low-boiling substances
The effect on rivers and plants is reduced, and the flammability and ignitability are improved. Further, in order to remove a strongly acidic substance or a thermal decomposition product derived from a saccharide, it is desirable to wash the obtained water-insoluble substance with water, add about 5 times the amount of water to the water-insoluble substance, stir, and remove the supernatant liquid. Is separated off. This is repeated several times. At this time, warm water of 60 ° C. or more is good. If the temperature is higher than 60 ° C., the viscosity of the water-insoluble substance decreases, so that the water-soluble substance is efficiently removed.

[0013] Plants that prefer acidic soil are good as they are, but some plants that do not like it require pH adjustment of water-insoluble substances because some of the pyrolysis liquid has a pH of 3 or less. It is desirable to remove excess organic acids by washing with warm water and adjust the pH with a neutralizing agent that also has a fertilizing effect such as potassium hydroxide or ammonia or a flame retardant effect such as diammonium hydrogen phosphate or magnesium hydroxide. At this time, the pyrolysis solution is p
When it is H10 or more, the water-insoluble substance becomes water-soluble, and the caking property also decreases. Further, under alkaline conditions, the water-insoluble substance becomes dark black, so that the appearance is lost. Therefore, neutralization is p
H5-8 is suitable.

When an organic solvent or an alkaline aqueous solution is added,
Since the water-insoluble substance dissolves, mixing with the vegetable fiber material becomes easy, and a uniform coating material is obtained. In addition, since the viscosity of water-insoluble substances decreases at 60 ° C. or higher, plant
Mixing with the conductive fiber material becomes easy. At this time, if the flame retardant is also mixed and added, it is taken into the pyrolysis solution, so that the soil covering material has a long-term flame-retardant effect that does not easily elute even when it rains.

In order to accelerate the curing of the water-insoluble substance, it is effective to keep the temperature. The polymerization of the water-insoluble substance proceeds due to the heat-drying, and heat curing occurs to achieve dimensional stability. 60
Above ℃, volatile components evaporate and cure quickly. Fifteen
At 0 ° C., acetic acid and xylene also evaporate, and after cooling, a black brittle molded product is formed. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the heat at a low temperature of 20 to 110 ° C. for several tens of minutes. The lower the temperature, the better the plasticity,
One hour at 80-100 ° C is good.

An adhesive such as vegetation paste is further added to improve the formability and the caking property, and the water-insoluble substance and the vegetable fiber are added.
It is also good to mix with fiber materials .

Aesthetically, it is desirable to color brown, in view of contrast with plants and soil. The pyrolysis solution is brown, but the higher the blending ratio, the darker the color. Therefore, the mixing ratio of the water-insoluble substance to the vegetable fiber material is 1 by weight.
It is desirable to mix at 0: 1 to 10:20. When the amount of the water-insoluble substance is reduced, the caking property is reduced and the moldability is deteriorated. However, with the decrease, the water permeability is improved and the weight is reduced. In consideration of the specific gravity of the vegetable fiber material , for example, the mixing ratio of the chips is 10: 5 by weight and 10:
3 is good.

In the case of a soil covering material in consideration of fire prevention, inorganic flame retardants such as diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and magnesium hydroxide are preferable in consideration of the environment. Further, a water-resistant organic flame retardant is also favorable in terms of molding stability. Examples of the flame retardant include inorganic flame retardants (phosphate compounds such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, melanin phosphate, and guanidine phosphate,
Halogen compounds, phosphorus compounds such as red phosphorus, inorganic metal salts such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and boric acid) and / or organic flame retardants (phosphorus such as triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate) Acid-based compounds, halogen-based compounds such as decabromodiphenyl oxide, and silicone-based compounds) are preferable. For example, inorganic diammonium hydrogen phosphate, a water-insoluble substance: flame retardant: vegetable fiber
The materials are preferably mixed in a weight ratio of 100: 5 to 30:10 to 100, and the compounding ratio of 100: 15: 30 is
Gives good caking, flame retardancy and aesthetic harmony. In the case of triphenyl phosphate, which is an organic flame retardant, water-insoluble substance: flame retardant: vegetable fiber material is 100: 5 to 40:10 to 100.
, Preferably in a weight ratio of 100: 20: 5.
The compounding ratio of 0 is good.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The thermal decomposition liquid used was obtained from firwood chips by the method for producing an oil adsorbent and its continuous production apparatus (Japanese Patent No. 2594507).

Example 1 A mixture of a pyrolysis liquid and rice husk was mixed with 20, 50, 80, 110,
The resultant was dried at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. The pyrolysis solution was separated by adding twice the amount of water, and the obtained water-insoluble substance was washed with water. Dimensions were quickly stabilized at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, and volatile components disappeared (weight loss about 20%). 150
At 25 ° C., a weight loss of about 25% was observed and the molding was black and brittle. At 50 ° C. or lower, no hardening was observed in one hour, but hardening was performed in 48 hours.

Example 2 The pyrolysis solution was washed three times with 5 times the amount of hot water at 60 ° C. As a result, pH 2.0 was changed to pH 2.8, and a 50% weight loss was observed. To 10 g of the obtained water-insoluble substance, 5 g of crushed rice husk was added, and the mixture was stirred and mixed at 60 ° C. This one
It was kept at 00 ° C for 1 hour. The obtained coating material was brown, had high caking properties, and no outflow of water-soluble substances due to watering was observed.

Example 3 1N sodium hydroxide was added to 10 g of the water-insoluble substance of Example 2 to adjust the pH to 6.9. 2 g of an organic flame retardant (triphenyl phosphate) and 5 g of ground rice hulls were added thereto, mixed, and kept at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. As a result, a brown flame-retardant coating material having a neutral and high caking property was obtained.

Example 4 15 g of the water-insoluble substance of Example 2, 3 g of inorganic flame retardant (diammonium hydrogen phosphate) and 5 g of ground rice hulls
The mixture was mixed at 0 ° C and kept at 100 ° C for 1 hour. The obtained molded product had high caking properties, and a brown flame-retardant coating material having excellent aesthetic appearance was obtained.

Comparative Example 1-3 5 g of ground rice hulls (Comparative Example 1), 10 g of the pyrolysis liquid as it was added (Comparative Example 2), and 2 g of a flame retardant (triphenyl phosphate) mixed (Comparative Example 1) Example 3) was kept at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. Although the appearance and scattering properties were improved by the addition of the pyrolysis solution, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had a large amount of eluted substances due to water spraying, and Comparative Example 2 had high ignitability.

[0025]

[Table 1]

[0026]

[Table 2]

[0027]

The soil covering material of the present invention can be used not only in fields,
It can be laid and mixed with green belts in gardens, parks and roads, and other ground surfaces, without impairing the color relationship with the surroundings. Forest products and cereal by-products are used as they are or crushed, and pyrolysis liquid and flame-retardant materials are mixed and adhered to the surface, so that the materials gradually rot and decompose. The pyrolyzed liquid in the soil covering material has weed control, deodorant and preservative effects on fruit trees, trees, and the like, and is harmonized with green parts by its brown color. Further, when a herbicide or a fertilizer is added and hardened, the effect is exerted for a long time.
And the original function as a mulching material, control of sudden change in soil temperature, moisture retention, suppression of weed generation, prevention of dust, improvement of soil structure, etc. are surely performed.

This is an efficient method of separating and using pyrolysis liquid. It can be used for any vegetable matter such as small-thinned lumber, chip dust, agricultural waste, etc.
Since fiber materials can be used, not only effective use of resources but also long-term use can contribute to prevention of global warming due to fixation of carbon dioxide gas. From natural materials, environmentally friendly, pollution-free mulching materials are manufactured.

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Seki alone, No. 10, 174-7, Nishi-Kagura, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan Inside the Hokkaido Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station (72) Inventor Shinichi Kikuchi, No. 10, 174, Nishi-Kagura 1, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan (72) Inventor Shinya Minemura No. 174, 7 Nishi Kagura, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido 7 Examiner Makoto Sakata, Hokkaido Prefectural Forestry Experimental Station (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 13/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. Plant fiber materials such as forest products and cereal by-products
The solid content in the pyrolysis liquid of vegetable fiber material is 3
A soil covering material comprising a vegetable fiber material, wherein a water-insoluble substance which precipitates when water is added so as to be 5% or less is mixed. 2. A water-insoluble substance mixed with a flame retardant.
A soil covering material comprising the vegetable fiber material as described above.