JP3030241B2 - Construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates are those about which the construction machine hydraulic excavators for the battery as a power source.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Construction machines such as hydraulic shovels generally use an engine as a power source. That is, the hydraulic pump is driven by the engine, and the hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump is controlled by the hydraulic valve to operate the hydraulic cylinder and the like of the working machine.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a conventional hydraulic excavator. An engine hood 2 is provided by disposing engine-related devices such as an engine and a radiator behind an operator space 1.
And hydraulic-related equipment such as a hydraulic tank, a hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic valve are arranged on the side of the operator space 1 and covered with the side cover 3.

In the operator space 1, the seat 4
Various levers such as an operation lever 6 for operating the work machine 5, a traveling lever 7, a swing swing pedal 8, and the like, a pedal, and switches are arranged around the work device 5.

[0005]

As described above, since the conventional hydraulic excavator uses the engine as a power source, it has environmental problems such as noise generated from the engine, exhaust gas, etc. Work is restricted.

On the other hand, an electric motor is driven while being supplied with power from the outside by a power cable, and an operator on a machine body (turntable) operates a vehicle-mounted lever or the like in the same manner as an engine-driven hydraulic excavator. However, such an electric hydraulic shovel is restricted to work only in a place where power can be supplied by a power cable, and the power cable prevents free running and turning.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not use an engine having environmental problems such as noise and exhaust gas. It is an object of the present invention to provide a construction machine capable of driving a vehicle.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention described in claim 1 includes a pivotable machine body with a driving device, the machine
The work machine mounted on the machine body and the work machine are detachably mounted on the machine body and extend from the center of rotation of the machine body to one side.
A battery box for storing batteries placed in
An electric motor that is arranged at the rear of the battery box and is operated by a battery built in the battery box;
A hydraulic pump, which is located at the rear of the battery box and is driven by an electric motor, and which is located on the other side of the machine body
A hydraulic tank that supplies hydraulic oil to the hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic pump
A hydraulic actuator that is operated by hydraulic oil supplied from the flop, the construction of the configurations and a hydraulic valve for controlling hydraulic fluid being operated by inputted from the outside a command signal of the machine body is supplied to the hydraulic actuator It is a machine.

By controlling the hydraulic valve by a command signal input from outside the machine main body, the operator's seat and on-board operating devices (lever, pedal and switch) can be eliminated. A large battery box can be mounted in the installation space to drive an electric motor that replaces the engine, and engine noise and exhaust gas generation can be prevented. At that time, battery box,
Electric motor, by weight of the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic tank
The center of gravity on the machine body can be balanced. Further
Replace the battery box and maintain the battery
Can be relatively easily carried out from one side of the machine body.

[0010] The invention described in claim 2, in the construction machine according to claim 1 Symbol <br/> mounting, and a controller for controlling erected on one side of the machine body <br/> hydraulic valve, It is provided with a wireless control device and a wired control device which are alternatively connected to the controller.

[0011] and, in the case of wireless, without paying attention to the handling of electric wire, it can concentrate on maneuvering from any location. On the other hand, in the case of a wired connection, reliable operation can be performed without being affected by noise, and there is no restriction on areas where radio waves cannot be used.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the construction machine according to the second aspect , each command signal cable drawn from the receiver of the wireless control device and the command device of the wired control device is connected. Alternatively, they are selectively detachably connected to a common connection portion provided in the controller.

[0013] The common connections and internal circuitry of the controllers are used for both wireless and wired operations.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the construction machine according to the second aspect, the construction machine is provided on an outer surface of the controller .
Equipped with an emergency stop switch.

When an unexpected situation occurs for an operator operating outside the machine body, the emergency stop switch quickly responds to the situation.

[0016] The invention described in claim 5, in the construction machine according to claim 2 Symbol <br/> mounting, from the controller is provided with a hydraulic valve to the pilot pressure control circuit for operating the pilot
It is equipped with an electromagnetically actuated proportional pressure reducing valve and a direction switching valve controlled by electric signals .

The proportional pressure reducing valve and the direction switching valve share pressure control and direction control of the pilot pressure.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an electric hydraulic shovel according to the present invention, in which a machine main body (slewing table) 14 is pivotally provided by a swivel bearing 13 on a traveling device 12 on which a crawler belt 11 is mounted.
A blade 16 is attached to a front portion of the traveling device 12 by an arm 15, and a work implement 17 is attached to a front portion of the machine body 14.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the upper part of the machine body 14, one battery box 22 is arranged from above the turning center 21 to one side. This battery box 22
It is a box body provided with an openable and closable lid plate 22a on the upper surface, and houses therein a large number of batteries 22b connected in series and in parallel.

The battery box 22 is mounted on the machine body 14 by a crane or a forklift,
When the battery b is consumed, the battery box 22 is detachably mounted with a bolt (not shown) so that the battery box 22 can be replaced with a charged battery box.

A battery is provided at the rear of the battery box 22.
DC motor as electric motor operated by 22b
And a hydraulic pump 24 driven by the DC motor 23
And an oil cooler 25 for suppressing an increase in oil temperature in the hydraulic circuit, and these are covered with a hood 26 that can be freely opened and closed.

Further, a hydraulic tank 27 and a hydraulic valve 28 are arranged on the other side of the machine body 14. This hydraulic valve 28
Is supplied from the hydraulic tank 27 to a plurality of hydraulic actuators (hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders) of a traveling system, a swing system, and a working machine system (hereinafter, the swing system and the working machine system are called working systems) by the hydraulic pump 24. It is composed of a number of hydraulic valves for controlling the hydraulic oil, respectively, and is operated by a command signal input from outside the machine main body 14 as described later in detail.

The arrangement structure shown in FIG.
Since the center (center of gravity) of the battery box 22 is located near and behind the turning center 21, the battery box 22
It is effective in adjusting the balance of the center of gravity of the entire machine body including the working machine 17 by the weight of the hydraulic excavator, and the existing hydraulic excavator such as arranging the battery box 22 in the operator space of the conventional engine driven hydraulic excavator. It can be easily manufactured by remodeling.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 2, the working machine 17, the hydraulic Aku
A boom 32, which is vertically turned by a boom hydraulic cylinder 31 as a tutor, and a hydraulic actuator,
Arm 34 is rotated by the arm hydraulic cylinder 33 of Te
And a bucket 37 that is rotated via a bucket linkage 36 by a bucket hydraulic cylinder 35 as a hydraulic actuator .

The work machine 17 is mounted at the front of the machine body 14 so as to be swingable in the horizontal direction. That is, the machine body 14
A swing post 42 formed in a substantially U-shape is rotatably supported in a horizontal direction on a swing frame 41 protruding from the pivot frame.
The base ends of the boom 31 and the boom 32 are rotatably supported in the vertical direction.

A rod end of a hydraulic cylinder 43 for swing provided in the machine body 14 is connected to one side surface of the swing post 42 via linkages 44 and 45, and the hydraulic cylinder 43 for swing is extended and contracted. The swing post 42 is rotated left and right. As a result, the work machine 17 swings right and left.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, on one side of the machine body 14 and along one side of the battery box 22, power is supplied from the battery 22b to control various hydraulic actuators. The controller 51 for controlling the hydraulic valve for use is erected. Also, the rear hood 26
On the upper side, three warning lights 52 of three colors of green, red, and yellow are provided to display a machine operation status, a warning of battery exhaustion, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 3, a wireless control device 53 and a wired control device 54 are selectively connected to the controller 51. That is, one of the command signal cables 53c, 54c drawn from the receiver 53b for the command device 53a of the wireless control device 53 and the command device 54a of the wired control device 54 is selected, and the common connection provided in the controller 51 is selected. It is detachably connected to the section 55. This way, the controller
The connection section 55 and the internal circuit 51 can be effectively used for both wireless control and wired control.

In the following description, the command device of the radio control device 53 will be described.
53a is called a wireless command device 53a, and the receiver of the wireless control device 53
53b is called a wireless receiver 53b, and the commander of the wired control device 54
54a is referred to as a wired command device 54a.

The wireless commander 53a and the wired commander 54a are
Switches such as a start switch, a changeover switch (not shown in the figure) for switching a control target between a traveling system and a work system,
It is provided with joysticks 53d and 54d for controlling a traveling system or a working system to be controlled, an indicator light, and the like.

The controller 51 includes a battery box
The power supplied from the battery 22b in the power supply line 56 via the power supply line 56 is transmitted to the wireless receiver 53b or the wired commander 54a.
Control signal input from the, position sensor, pressure sensor,
Control based on a detection signal input from a detector (not shown) such as a temperature sensor, and for controlling a DC motor 23 via output signal lines 57 and 58, and various hydraulic actuators for operating a traveling system and a working system. To the solenoid Sol of the electromagnetically actuated hydraulic valve 28.

A button-shaped emergency stop switch 59 is provided on the outer surface of the controller 51. When an unexpected situation occurs for an operator operating outside the machine body 14, the emergency stop switch 59 is pressed. By this, the power supply from the battery 22b to the DC motor 23 and the solenoid Sol of the hydraulic valve 28 is forcibly shut off, and the movable parts of the entire machine are stopped, so that an emergency situation can be quickly responded.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a hydraulic circuit for controlling one hydraulic actuator (for example, the boom hydraulic cylinder 31) of the work machine 17, and a hydraulic valve 28c for directly controlling the hydraulic actuator is a pilot-operated type. A pilot pressure control circuit 61 for supplying a pilot pressure from the hydraulic pump 24 to the pilot pressure operating portion of the valve 28c is provided.

The pilot pressure control circuit 61 has a proportional pressure reducing valve 28a and a direction switching valve 28b as electromagnetically operated hydraulic valves.
b from the controller 51 to the solenoids So of the valves 28a and 28b.
Control by the output signal (current) supplied to l.

That is, the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 24 is proportionally reduced in pressure by the proportional pressure reducing valve 28a to the outlet side pressure corresponding to the input current value, and the direction is controlled by the direction switching valve 28b to the position on the excitation side. Pilot pressure to the hydraulic valve
28c to control its direction and stroke, and from the hydraulic pump 24 through this hydraulic valve 28c.
The direction and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the boom hydraulic cylinder 31 are controlled. That is, the boom hydraulic cylinder 31
Control the operating direction and speed of the.

As shown in FIG. 5, when performing maintenance on the battery 22b, the DC motor 23, etc., the cover plate 22a of the battery box 22 and the hood 26, such as the DC motor 23, are opened upward and locked by the stopper 62. , Internal battery 22
Perform maintenance and inspection of b and DC motor 23.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

The operator first selects either the wireless control device 53 or the wired control device 54. For example, when working in a place such as a poor scaffold for the operator, or when the turning angle of the machine body 14 is large, select the radio control device 53 that does not require a cable for command signals from the operator,
On the other hand, in a place susceptible to noise or in a place where radio wave unavailable areas are restricted, the wired control device 54 is selected, and the selected command signal cables 53c, 54c are connected to the controller 51 in advance.

The operator is located on the side or front of the hydraulic excavator, and receives an instruction from the wireless commander 53a through the wireless receiver.
53b to the controller 51 or the wired commander 54
The operation signal for traveling or work is input to the controller 51 from a.

In response to the input of the operation signal, the DC motor 23 powered by the battery 22b in the battery box 22 is started, and the drive of the hydraulic pump 24 of the hydraulic power source directly connected to the DC motor 23 is started. Alternatively, various hydraulic valves for controlling the hydraulic actuators of the working system (the swivel system and the working machine system) are electromagnetically operated, and the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 24 is controlled to operate the corresponding hydraulic actuator as instructed.

For example, when the working system is operated at a fixed position, the same joystick operation is switched from the traveling system control pattern to the working system control pattern by a changeover switch of the wireless commander 53a or the wired commander 54a. Electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve by the current output from controller 51
28a and the directional control valve 28b to control the working direction and pressure of the pilot pressure, and to control the pilot operation type working system hydraulic valve 28c so that the operating oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 24 is supplied to the working system hydraulic valve 28c. Hydraulic motor for rotating the machine body 14 by controlling the
17 boom hydraulic cylinders 31 and arm hydraulic cylinders 3
3. Operate the bucket hydraulic cylinder 35, etc., as instructed.

Further, when the battery 22b is exhausted,
The battery box 22 is removed from the machine body 14 and replaced with a battery box containing a charged battery 22b. At this time, since one battery box 22 that accommodates all the batteries 22b is arranged in the operator space located from the center of rotation of the machine body 14 to one side, the replacement operation of the battery box 22 is easily performed. be able to.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention not shown in the drawings will be described.

The present invention is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1. For example, the hydraulic valve 28 may be arranged below the battery box 22.

[0046] Further, the invention is not limited to the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. 4, also substitute proportional pressure reducing valve 28a and the directional control valve 28b of an electromagnetic type shown in FIG. 4, for example by one of the electromagnetic proportional valve it can.

Further, an example has been described in which one hydraulic pump 24 is used in common for the pilot pressure control circuit and for driving the hydraulic actuator. However, a hydraulic pump for driving the hydraulic actuator is provided separately from the hydraulic pump for the pilot pressure control circuit. but it may also be provided on the.

[0048]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the hydraulic valve is operated by the command signal input from outside the machine main body, the operator space such as the operator's seat, the operation lever, and the pedal is operated. It is not necessary to provide the power supply on the machine body, so a large battery box can be installed in the operator space, the hydraulic pump can be driven by the electric motor without receiving power supply from the outside by the power cable, and the noise caused by the engine drive In addition, it can solve environmental problems such as exhaust gas, and can operate silently at night in an urban area, for example, and work in a closed space such as in a tunnel. Further, since there is no need to provide an operator space such as a cab on the machine main body, the overall height of the machine can be reduced, and it is easy and convenient to clear legal restrictions in transportation and the like. Further, since an operation command signal is input from outside the machine body, the operator
Efficient work can be performed at a position where it is easy to monitor the work status of the work machine. At that time, above the turning center of the machine body
To accommodate batteries located over one side from
Battery box and rear of this battery box
The electric motor and hydraulic pump
With the hydraulic tank located on the side,
Balance the weight so that the center of gravity of the whole is located
According to the above arrangement, the engine
Easily manufactured by simple modification of a driven hydraulic excavator
There is a clear effect. Also, connect the battery box to the machine
The battery box can be removed at one side,
Replacement can be easily performed. In addition, an electric motor and
And hydraulic pumps, these maintenance
It can be done in a comfortable position.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a controller for controlling a hydraulic valve is provided on one side of the machine body, and a wireless control device or a wired control device is selectively used for this controller. When the wireless connection is selected, the user can freely perform the movement and the turning operation, and can concentrate on the operation at the position where the work is most easily monitored. On the other hand, when the wired connection is selected, effects such as being able to ensure the operation without being affected by noise, not being restricted in the radio wave unusable area, and being able to cope with a wireless failure are obtained. In addition, since the controller installed on one side of the machine main body is close to the operator position, it is possible to easily perform the switching operation between wireless and wired, and the wired operation cable is relatively short for easy handling. can do.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the receiver of the wireless control device and the commander of the wired control device are selectively connected to the common connection portion of the controller. The internal circuit can be effectively used for both wireless control and wired control.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the emergency stop switch is provided on the outer surface of the controller, when an unexpected situation occurs for an operator operating outside the machine body, the situation is changed. Can be quickly responded to by using an emergency stop switch.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, an electromagnetically operated proportional pressure reducing valve and a direction switching valve are provided in a pilot pressure control circuit for pilot-operating a hydraulic valve, and the proportional pressure reducing valve and the direction switching valve are connected to a controller. Therefore, the control of the pilot pressure and the direction control can be shared by a relatively simple combination of a proportional pressure reducing valve and a direction switching valve.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a construction machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the construction machine.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing connections of a control device, a controller, a hydraulic valve, and the like of the construction machine.

FIG. 4 is a hydraulic circuit diagram showing a pilot pressure control circuit of the construction machine.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a maintenance state of the construction machine.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a conventional construction machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

12 Traveling device 14 Machine body 17 Work machine 22 Battery box 22b Battery 23 DC motor as electric motor 24 Hydraulic pump 27 Hydraulic tank 28 Hydraulic valve 28a Proportional pressure reducing valve 28b Directional valve 31, 33, 35 Hydraulic cylinder as hydraulic actuator
Da 51 controller 53 the radio control apparatus 53a command unit 53b receiver 54 wired control apparatus 54a command unit 53c, 54c instruction signal cable 55 connection unit 59 emergency stop switch 61 pilot pressure control circuit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-166583 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model Showa 62-138761 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Application Showa 55-133002 (JP, U) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02F 9/00 E02F 9/20 E02F 9/18

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A turnable machine body having a traveling device.
When a working machine attached to the machine body, it is detachably mounted to the machine body pivot center of the machine body
Holds the battery located on one side from the top
A battery box that, an electric motor that is operated by the battery box is disposed in the rear battery built in the battery box, a hydraulic pump is disposed at the rear of the battery box is driven by an electric motor, the other side portion of the machine body To supply hydraulic oil to the hydraulic pump
A hydraulic tank to be supplied, a hydraulic actuator operated by hydraulic oil supplied from a hydraulic pump , and a hydraulic valve operated by a command signal input from outside the machine body to control the hydraulic oil supplied to the hydraulic actuator A construction machine comprising: 2. A controller for controlling the hydraulic valves are erected on one side of the machine body, and characterized by including a radio control device and a wired operating device is alternatively connected to the controller construction machine according to claim 1 Symbol mounting to. 3. A command signal cable extracted from a receiver of a wireless control device or a command device of a wired control device is selectively selected and detachably connected to a common connection portion provided in a controller. construction machine according to claim 2 Symbol mounting, characterized in that connected. 4. A construction machine according to claim 2 Symbol mounting, characterized by comprising an emergency stop switch provided on the outer surface of the controller. 5. An electric signal from a controller provided in a pilot pressure control circuit for pilot-operating a hydraulic valve.
Construction machine according to claim 2 Symbol mounting, characterized by comprising a proportional pressure reducing valve and the directional control valve solenoid actuated controlled by.