Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP3059645B2 - How to make blades for scissors - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP3059645B2 - How to make blades for scissors - Google Patents

How to make blades for scissors

Info

Publication number
JP3059645B2
JP3059645B2 JP6248138A JP24813894A JP3059645B2 JP 3059645 B2 JP3059645 B2 JP 3059645B2 JP 6248138 A JP6248138 A JP 6248138A JP 24813894 A JP24813894 A JP 24813894A JP 3059645 B2 JP3059645 B2 JP 3059645B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
blade
edge
chamfer
small
scissors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP6248138A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH08112461A (en
Inventor
元司 小椋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kaijirushi Hamono Center KK
Original Assignee
Kaijirushi Hamono Center KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kaijirushi Hamono Center KK filed Critical Kaijirushi Hamono Center KK
Priority to JP6248138A priority Critical patent/JP3059645B2/en
Publication of JPH08112461A publication Critical patent/JPH08112461A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3059645B2 publication Critical patent/JP3059645B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は一対の刀身を開閉可能
に支持した鋏において、その刀身の製造方法に関するも
のである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pair of scissors which support a pair of blades so that the blades can be opened and closed.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来の鋏においては、互いに摺接する両
刀身の裏すき面に曲げやひねり等の変形が与えられ、そ
の変形により両刀身の刃先が確実に摺接して良好な切れ
味が得られるようになっている。
2. Description of the Related Art In conventional scissors, deformation such as bending or twisting is applied to the back rake faces of both blades which are in sliding contact with each other, and due to the deformation, the blade edges of both blades are surely brought into sliding contact with each other to obtain good sharpness. It has become.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような曲げやひね
り等の変形は、刀身の製造工程中、熟練者の手作業や機
械加工により与えられている。
Such deformations such as bending and twisting are given by manual work or machining by a skilled person during the blade manufacturing process.

【0004】本発明は従来方法とは全く異なる製造方法
を提案して刀身の製造工程を簡略化することを目的とし
ている。
An object of the present invention is to simplify the manufacturing process of a blade by proposing a manufacturing method completely different from the conventional method.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】後記実施例の図面(図1
〜7)の符号を援用して、本発明にかかる鋏の刀身の製
造方法を説明する。下記に示す第一工程と第二工程と第
三工程と第四工程とを順次経て、刀身(1)を製造す
る。 第一工程; 図1に示すように、刀身(1)の素材を成
形する。この刀身(1)には軸支孔(2)を貫設し、こ
の軸支孔(2)よりも先端側に刃部(3)を設けるとと
もに、この軸支孔(2)よりも基端側に柄部(4)を設
ける。この刃部(3)においては刃身(1)の尖端(1
a)側ほど腹縁(3a)と背縁(3b)との間の幅を狭
くする。この刃部(3)の表面(5)において腹縁(3
a)側に小刃付用面取り(6)を形成する。この小刃付
用面取り(6)は背縁(3b)側から腹縁(3a)側に
向かうほど裏すき面(7)側に傾斜する。この小刃付用
面取り(6)で表面(5)と裏すき面(7)との間の厚
み(T)を腹縁(3a)側ほど薄くする。 第二工程; 図2に示すように、前記刀身(1)の裏す
き面(7)を平面状に研磨する。 第三工程; 図3〜5に示すように、前記刀身(1)に
ついてその表面(5)側からブラスト(ショットピーニ
ングやショットブラストや液体ホーニングなどを含む概
念)を施し、刀身(1)の裏すき面(7)を凹状に反ら
せて刀身(1)に曲げやひねりの変形を与える。 第四工程; 図6に示すように、前記刀身(1)におい
て小刃付用面取り(6)の腹縁(3a)に刃先(8)を
形成する。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment to be described later (FIG. 1).
The method for manufacturing the blade of scissors according to the present invention will be described with reference to the reference numerals 7) to 7). The blade (1) is manufactured through a first step, a second step, a third step, and a fourth step shown below in order. First step: As shown in FIG. 1, the material of the blade (1) is formed. A shaft support hole (2) is provided through the blade (1), a blade (3) is provided on the distal end side of the shaft support hole (2), and a base end of the blade support (2). A handle (4) is provided on the side. In this blade part (3), the point (1) of the blade body (1) is
The width between the abdominal edge (3a) and the back edge (3b) is reduced toward the a) side. On the surface (5) of the blade (3),
On the a) side, a chamfer (6) with a small blade is formed. The chamfer (6) with a small blade is inclined toward the back rake face (7) from the back edge (3b) toward the abdominal edge (3a). In the chamfer for small blades (6), the thickness (T) between the front surface (5) and the back surface (7) is reduced toward the abdominal edge (3a). Second step: As shown in FIG. 2, the back surface (7) of the blade (1) is polished into a plane. 3rd step; As shown in FIGS. The blade (1) is bent or twisted by bending the plow surface (7) concavely . Fourth step: As shown in FIG. 6, a cutting edge (8) is formed on the abdominal edge (3a) of the chamfer (6) with a small blade in the blade (1).

【0006】[0006]

【作用】前記ブラスト(ショットピーニングやショット
ブラストや液体ホーニングなどを含む概念)により、特
定形状の刀身(1)に反り現象が発生して曲げやひねり
等の変形が生じる。
According to the blast (concept including shot peening, shot blast, liquid honing, and the like), the blade (1) having a specific shape causes a warp phenomenon, thereby causing deformation such as bending and twisting.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例にかかる刀身製造方
法を図1〜図7を参照して説明する。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION such blade production method to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIGS.

【0008】まず、図1に示すように刀身1の素材を成
形する。この刀身1には軸支孔2が貫設され、この軸支
孔2よりも先端側に刃部3が設けられているとともに、
この軸支孔2よりも基端側に柄部4が設けられている。
この刃部3においては刃身1の尖端1a側ほど腹縁3a
と背縁3bとの間の幅が狭くなっている。この刃部3の
表面5において腹縁3a側に小刃付用面取り6が形成さ
れている。この面取り6は背縁3b側から腹縁3a側に
向かうほど裏すき面7側に傾斜し、この面取り6で表面
5と裏すき面7との間の厚みTは腹縁3a側ほど薄くな
っている。刃身1の尖端1a付近までこの面取り6の幅
が同一であるが、その尖端1a付近では腹縁3aと背縁
3bとの間の幅全体が面取り6になっており、この面取
り6の幅が尖端1aに向かうほど狭くなっている。
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the material of the blade 1 is formed. The blade 1 has a shaft support hole 2 penetrating therethrough, and a blade portion 3 is provided on the tip side of the shaft support hole 2.
The handle 4 is provided on the base end side of the shaft support hole 2.
In this blade portion 3, the nearer the tip 1 a of the blade body 1, the more the abdominal edge 3 a
And the width between the back edge 3b is reduced. On the surface 5 of the blade portion 3, a chamfer 6 with small blades is formed on the side of the abdomen 3a. The chamfer 6 is inclined toward the back face 7 as it goes from the back edge 3b side to the belly edge 3a side, and the thickness T between the surface 5 and the back face 7 becomes thinner with the chamfer 6 toward the belly edge 3a side. ing. The width of the chamfer 6 is the same up to the vicinity of the tip 1a of the blade 1, but near the tip 1a, the entire width between the abdominal edge 3a and the back edge 3b is the chamfer 6, and the width of the chamfer 6 Becomes narrower toward the tip 1a.

【0009】次に、図2に示すように、刀身1の裏すき
面7を平面研削盤により平面状に研磨する。次に、この
刀身1をショットピーニング装置のワーク台に載せる。
この場合、図3に示すように、表面5を上向きにして裏
すき面7をワーク台に接触させる。そして、各種ピーニ
ング条件を最適なものに設定し、刀身1の表面5にショ
ットピーニングを施す。ここに、ショットピーニングと
は、金属表面に鋼あるいは鋳鉄のショットを衝突させ、
表面だけ冷間加工硬化し、残留圧縮応力を生じさせる方
法である。
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the back surface 7 of the blade 1 is polished in a plane by a surface grinder. Next, the blade 1 is placed on a work table of a shot peening apparatus.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the back surface 7 is brought into contact with the work table with the front surface 5 facing upward. Then, various peening conditions are set to optimal conditions, and the surface 5 of the blade 1 is subjected to shot peening. Here, shot peening impinges a shot of steel or cast iron on the metal surface,
In this method, only the surface is cold-work-hardened to generate residual compressive stress.

【0010】前記刀身1と類似するサンプルにショット
ピーニングを施した結果、図4(a)の三次元形状図や
図4(b)の等高線図に示すように、刀身1の裏すき面
7に曲げやひねり等の変形が与えられる。
As a result of subjecting a sample similar to the blade 1 to shot peening, as shown in the three-dimensional shape diagram of FIG. 4A and the contour diagram of FIG. Deformation such as bending or twisting is given.

【0011】図5(平凡社発行の工業大事典から抜粋)
には、ある試験片にショットピーニングを施した場合の
残留加工応力の測定例を示し、試験片においてその表面
よりも僅かに入ったところで最大引張り応力が生じる。
従って、表面に発生する応力により、試験片が反る。か
かる点から、裏すき面7が凹状に反って刀身1に曲げや
ひねり等の変形が与えられることが証明される。
FIG. 5 (excerpted from the Encyclopedia of Technology published by Heibonsha)
Shows an example of measurement of residual working stress when a certain test piece is subjected to shot peening, and a maximum tensile stress is generated when the test piece enters the test piece slightly below its surface.
Therefore, the test piece warps due to the stress generated on the surface. From this point, it is proved that the blade 1 is deformed such as bending or twisting because the back surface 7 is concavely warped.

【0012】図4(b)の等高線図を読むと、厚みTの
薄い刃部3の腹縁3a側が裏すき面7側にかなり曲がっ
ている。これは切れ味上有利な点である。また、刀身1
の刃部3において軸支孔2から刀身1の尖端1aまで滑
らかに曲がっている。この点は治具により手作業で曲げ
た場合の困難性と比較して有利である。
Referring to the contour diagram of FIG. 4B, the abdominal edge 3a side of the blade portion 3 having a small thickness T is considerably bent toward the back rake face 7. This is an advantage in sharpness. In addition, blade 1
The blade 3 has a curved portion from the shaft support hole 2 to the tip 1a of the blade 1. This is an advantage compared to the difficulty of manually bending with a jig.

【0013】次に、刀身1を電解研磨した後、図6に示
すように、小刃付用面取り6の腹縁3aに刃先8を形成
する。次に、この刀身1の柄部4にプラスチック製の握
環9をインサート成形により取着する。そして、図7に
示すように、裏すき面7を互いに摺接させて両刀身1を
重ね合わせ、両刀身1の軸支孔2に開閉中心軸10を通
して両刀身1を組み付ける。この鋏では、両刀身1の裏
すき面7に前記曲げやひねり等の変形があるため、両刀
身1を開閉させた場合に両刀身1の刃先8が確実に摺接
して切れ味が良くなる。
Next, after the blade 1 is electrolytically polished, a blade edge 8 is formed on the abdominal edge 3a of the chamfer 6 with a small blade, as shown in FIG. Next, a plastic grip 9 is attached to the handle 4 of the blade 1 by insert molding. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the two blades 1 are overlapped with each other by sliding the back rake faces 7 together, and the two blades 1 are assembled through the opening / closing center shaft 10 in the shaft support holes 2 of the both blades 1. In these scissors, since the back rake face 7 of both blades 1 is deformed by bending or twisting, when the two blades 1 are opened and closed, the cutting edges 8 of both blades 1 are brought into sliding contact with each other to improve sharpness.

【0014】この実施例は下記(イ)〜(ロ)の特徴
を有する。 (イ) 刀身1にショットピーニングを施す前に、刀身
1を特定形状に成形している。特に、刃先8を形成する
腹縁3a側ほど薄肉となるように傾斜する小刃付用面取
り6を形成することと、裏すき面7を僅かな誤差範囲で
平面にすることが、少なくとも重要な前提条件である。
このような形状条件のもとでショットピーニングを施す
と、所望の曲げやひねり等の変形を得ることができる。
これに加えて、刀身1の腹縁3aと背縁3bとの間の幅
や、小刃付用面取り6の幅や、刀身1の厚み等の形状条
件が影響して、理想的な変形にすることができる。
This embodiment has the following features (a) to (b). (A) Before the blade 1 is subjected to shot peening, the blade 1 is formed into a specific shape. In particular, it is at least important to form the small-edged chamfer 6 so as to be thinner toward the abdominal edge 3a forming the cutting edge 8 and to make the back rake face 7 flat with a slight error range. This is a prerequisite.
When shot peening is performed under such a shape condition, desired deformation such as bending or twisting can be obtained.
In addition, the width of the blade 1 between the abdominal edge 3a and the back edge 3b, the width of the chamfer 6 with a small blade, the thickness of the blade 1, and the like affect the shape of the blade 1 to an ideal deformation. can do.

【0015】(ロ) 前記ショットピーニングによる反
り現象が、鋏の刀身1の曲げやひねり等の変形に利用で
きることを着目した点である。その場合、所望の変形を
得るには、前述したように、ある程度の形状条件は必要
であると考えられる。このようなショットピーニングを
鋏の製造工程に応用すると、この変形を手作業や機械加
工により与える場合と比較して、製造工程の簡略化に役
立つ。
(B) It is noted that the warping phenomenon due to the shot peening can be used for deformation such as bending or twisting of the blade 1 of scissors. In that case, to obtain the desired deformation, it is considered that some shape conditions are necessary as described above. When such shot peening is applied to the manufacturing process of scissors, it is useful for simplifying the manufacturing process as compared with the case where this deformation is given by hand work or machining.

【0016】[0016]

【0017】[0017]

【0018】[0018]

【0019】前記実施例ではショットピーニング(後記
ブラストの一種)を示したが、適当な大きさの粒状研磨
材を金属表面にたたきつけて表面のスケール(酸化鉄)
や錆等の異物を除去する方法であるブラスト、例えば、
鋼粒(ショット)を用いるショットブラスト、鋼砕粒
(グリット)を噴射させるグリットブラスト(液体ホー
ニング等)を利用しても、前記実施例と同様な効果が得
られる。
In the above-described embodiment, shot peening (a type of blast described later) is shown, but a granular abrasive of an appropriate size is beaten to the metal surface to scale the surface (iron oxide).
Blast, which is a method of removing foreign substances such as rust and rust, for example,
The same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained by using a shot blast using steel grains (shots) or a grit blast (liquid honing or the like) for injecting steel granules (grit).

【0020】[0020]

【0021】[0021]

【発明の効果】本発明にかかる鋏の刃身の製造方法によ
れば、特定形状に成形された刀身(1)についてその表
面(5)側からブラスト(ショットピーニングやショッ
トブラストや液体ホーニングなどを含む概念)を施すの
で、鋏の製造工程を簡略化することができる。
According to the method for manufacturing a blade of scissors according to the present invention, a blade (1) formed into a specific shape is blasted (shot peening, shot blasting, liquid honing, etc.) from the surface (5) side. (Including concept), the manufacturing process of scissors can be simplified.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】 (a)は実施例にかかる鋏の刀身製造方法
において小刃付用面取りを成形した刀身を示す平面図で
あり、(b)は(a)のA−A線拡大断面図である。
FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a blade formed with a chamfer for cutting blades in a method for manufacturing a blade of scissors according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. It is.

【図2】 (a)は図1の刀身の裏すき面を平面状に研
磨したものを示す底面図であり、(b)は(a)のB−
B線拡大断面図である。
FIG. 2 (a) is a bottom view showing a polished back surface of the blade of FIG. 1 which is polished in a plane, and FIG. 2 (b) is a bottom view of FIG.
It is a B line expanded sectional view.

【図3】 図2の刀身にショットピーニングを施したも
のを示す斜視図である。
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the blade of FIG. 2 subjected to shot peening.

【図4】 (a)は図1及び図2の刀身と類似するサン
プルにおいてショットピーニングを施した裏すき面を示
三次元形状図であり、(b)は同じく等高線図であ
る。
FIG. 4 (a) shows a shot-peened back face of a sample similar to the blade of FIGS. 1 and 2.
A to three-dimensional shape view, (b) it is a same contour plot.

【図5】 ある試験片にショットピーニングを施した場
合の残留加工応力の測定例を示すグラフである。
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a measurement example of residual working stress when a certain test piece is subjected to shot peening.

【図6】 図3に示すショットピーニング後の刀身に刃
先を形成した断面図である。
6 is a cross-sectional view of the blade after the shot peening shown in FIG. 3 in which a blade edge is formed.

【図7】 実施例にかかる刀身を利用した鋏を示す平
面図である。
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing scissors using a blade according to the present embodiment.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…刀身、3…刃部、3a…腹縁、3b…背縁、5…表
面、6…小刃付用面取り、7…裏すき面、8…刃先。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... blade, 3 ... blade part, 3a ... belly edge, 3b ... back edge, 5 ... surface, 6 ... chamfer for attaching a small blade, 7 ... back rake face, 8 ... blade edge.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 下記に示す第一工程と第二工程と第三工
程と第四工程とを順次経て、刀身(1)を製造すること
を特徴とする鋏の刀身の製造方法。 第一工程; 刀身(1)の素材を成形する。この刀身
(1)には軸支孔(2)を貫設し、この軸支孔(2)よ
りも先端側に刃部(3)を設けるとともに、この軸支孔
(2)よりも基端側に柄部(4)を設ける。この刃部
(3)においては刃身(1)の尖端(1a)側ほど腹縁
(3a)と背縁(3b)との間の幅を狭くする。この刃
部(3)の表面(5)において腹縁(3a)側に小刃付
用面取り(6)を形成する。この小刃付用面取り(6)
は背縁(3b)側から腹縁(3a)側に向かうほど裏す
き面(7)側に傾斜する。この小刃付用面取り(6)で
表面(5)と裏すき面(7)との間の厚み(T)を腹縁
(3a)側ほど薄くする。 第二工程; 前記刀身(1)の裏すき面(7)を平面状
に研磨する。 第三工程; 前記刀身(1)についてその表面(5)側
からブラストを施し、刀身(1)の裏すき面(7)を凹
状に反らせて刀身(1)に曲げやひねりの変形を与え
る。 第四工程; 前記刀身(1)において小刃付用面取り
(6)の腹縁(3a)に刃先(8)を形成する。
1. A method for manufacturing a blade of scissors, comprising the steps of sequentially performing a first step, a second step, a third step, and a fourth step described below to manufacture a blade (1). First step: The material of the blade (1) is formed. A shaft support hole (2) is provided through the blade (1), a blade (3) is provided on the distal end side of the shaft support hole (2), and a base end of the blade support (2). A handle (4) is provided on the side. In the blade portion (3), the width between the abdominal edge (3a) and the back edge (3b) is reduced toward the tip (1a) of the blade body (1). On the surface (5) of the blade (3), a chamfer (6) with a small blade is formed on the side of the abdomen (3a). Chamfer with small blade (6)
Is inclined toward the back rake face (7) from the back edge (3b) toward the abdominal edge (3a). In the chamfer for small blades (6), the thickness (T) between the front surface (5) and the back surface (7) is reduced toward the abdominal edge (3a). Second step: The back face (7) of the blade (1) is polished into a flat shape. Third step: The blade (1) is blasted from its front surface (5) side, and the back surface (7) of the blade (1) is bent in a concave shape to give a bending or twisting deformation to the blade (1).
You. Fourth step: In the blade (1), a cutting edge (8) is formed on the abdominal edge (3a) of the chamfer (6) with a small blade.
JP6248138A 1994-10-13 1994-10-13 How to make blades for scissors Expired - Fee Related JP3059645B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6248138A JP3059645B2 (en) 1994-10-13 1994-10-13 How to make blades for scissors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6248138A JP3059645B2 (en) 1994-10-13 1994-10-13 How to make blades for scissors

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08112461A JPH08112461A (en) 1996-05-07
JP3059645B2 true JP3059645B2 (en) 2000-07-04

Family

ID=17173797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP6248138A Expired - Fee Related JP3059645B2 (en) 1994-10-13 1994-10-13 How to make blades for scissors

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3059645B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110369952B (en) * 2019-07-10 2021-03-30 上海理工大学 Fabrication method of one-dimensional ideal acoustic black hole wedge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08112461A (en) 1996-05-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101254583B (en) Method and apparatus for increasing fatigue notch capability of airfoils
WO2012029688A1 (en) Medical knife
JPH08505818A (en) Band saw blade and method of making saw blade
JPS6060842A (en) One production method of tartar removing dental instrument
US8024846B2 (en) Preparation of an article surface having a surface compressive texture
CA2502294C (en) Method for manufacturing barber scissors, and barber scissors
JPH06506613A (en) knife blade
JP3059645B2 (en) How to make blades for scissors
WO2004040022A1 (en) Metal structure product with excellent environmental cracking resistance and method of enhancing environmental cracking resistance of metal structure product
US2533648A (en) Circular saw making
JP7410963B2 (en) Medical devices and methods of manufacturing medical devices
EP3936276B1 (en) Needle peening method
US3951012A (en) Process for making a file and article resulting therefrom
JP2022522809A5 (en)
JP4854981B2 (en) Friction welded parts with excellent fatigue resistance and methods for improving the fatigue characteristics
JP2016064133A (en) Straight knife manufacturing method
JPH0515975A (en) Butt welding method for thin materials to be welded
US20090044406A1 (en) Method for producing metallic components, particularly for turbo machines, having small edge radii, and component produced therewith
JPH07314204A (en) Tool with blade
JP2611043B2 (en) How to attach a diamond bite
JPH08155062A (en) Method for manufacturing hollow club head made of Ti alloy for golf club
JP2008030173A (en) Band saw blade
US1224853A (en) Process of manufacturing an ax.
JPS6294217A (en) Saw blade
JPS6397190A (en) Tools

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120421

Year of fee payment: 12

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120421

Year of fee payment: 12

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140421

Year of fee payment: 14

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees