JP3065765B2 - Liquid fuel combustion equipment - Google Patents
Liquid fuel combustion equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JP3065765B2 JP3065765B2 JP4014503A JP1450392A JP3065765B2 JP 3065765 B2 JP3065765 B2 JP 3065765B2 JP 4014503 A JP4014503 A JP 4014503A JP 1450392 A JP1450392 A JP 1450392A JP 3065765 B2 JP3065765 B2 JP 3065765B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- fuel
- gas
- porous element
- mixing chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Evaporation-Type Combustion Burners (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は家庭用石油ストーブから
工業窯炉までの幅広い範囲における液体燃料を泡沫化し
て燃焼させる装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for foaming and burning liquid fuel in a wide range from a household oil stove to an industrial kiln.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】燃料を直接気化して燃焼させる蒸発燃焼
は、燃焼前に燃料蒸気と空気を均質な混合気体にできる
ので、燃焼負荷率が高く、すすが発生しにくいなどの利
点をもつ反面、燃料の比表面積が小さいので燃焼の準備
（蒸発）過程に要する時間が大きく応答性が悪くなる。2. Description of the Related Art Evaporative combustion, in which fuel is directly vaporized and burned, has the advantages that a fuel vapor and air can be made into a homogeneous gas mixture before combustion, so that the combustion load factor is high and soot is not easily generated. Since the specific surface area of the fuel is small, the time required for the preparation (evaporation) process of combustion is large, and the response is poor.
【０００３】また、霧化した燃料を燃焼させる噴霧燃焼
は、火炎中に液相と気相が共存するような不均質系の燃
焼になるので一般に蒸発、拡散などの物質輸送過程が燃
焼反応を支配して、燃焼負荷率をあまり高くすることが
できない。[0003] In addition, since spray combustion in which atomized fuel is burned is a heterogeneous combustion in which a liquid phase and a gas phase coexist in a flame, a mass transport process such as evaporation and diffusion generally causes a combustion reaction. Dominantly, the combustion load factor cannot be too high.
【０００４】これに対して、気泡分散燃焼は液体燃料の
薄膜を連続相として蒸発させるので蒸発燃焼と同様に均
質な混合気で燃焼できるとともに、燃料の比表面積を飛
躍的に増加できることから応答性も改善できる。[0004] On the other hand, in the bubble-dispersed combustion, a thin film of liquid fuel is evaporated as a continuous phase, so that it can be burned with a homogeneous mixture as in the case of evaporative combustion, and the specific surface area of the fuel can be drastically increased. Can also be improved.
【０００５】本発明者等はさきに特開平２−２１１０６
号、特開平２−２５９３１１号公報に液体燃料の泡化燃
焼方法を提案したが、いずれも所定量の液体燃料を溜め
てそこへ多孔質エレメントを介して空気を供給し、燃料
を泡沫化して燃焼させる方法をとっていた。The inventors of the present invention have previously disclosed Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
And Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-25931 propose a method for foaming and burning liquid fuel. In each case, a predetermined amount of liquid fuel is stored, air is supplied thereto through a porous element, and the fuel is foamed. The burning method was used.
【０００６】即ち、多孔質エレメント上で泡沫状態（薄
膜）で蒸発せしめた燃料蒸気と、泡沫を形成していた空
気（気泡）が均一混合した状態でバーナー軸方向下流側
に進行して、燃焼するものである。このとき、燃焼前の
燃料蒸気と空気の混合気体は、バーナー半径方向でほぼ
均一な混合割合で軸流れを形成するものである。一方燃
焼排ガス中のＮＯｘの低減を求めるニーズは大きい。That is, the fuel vapor evaporated in the foam state (thin film) on the porous element and the air (bubble) forming the foam are uniformly mixed and proceed downstream in the burner axial direction to burn. Is what you do. At this time, the mixed gas of fuel vapor and air before combustion forms an axial flow at a substantially uniform mixing ratio in the burner radial direction. On the other hand, there is a great need to reduce NOx in combustion exhaust gas.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、液体燃料の
定常状態における燃焼排ガス中のＮＯｘ濃度の少ない燃
焼装置を提供するものである。[0008] The present invention is less fuel with the NOx concentration in the combustion exhaust gas in the steady state of the liquid fuel
A baking device is provided.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は液体燃料を気泡
分散して燃焼する際に、軸方向に流れる混合気体すなわ
ち、泡沫の薄膜を形成していた液体燃料の蒸気、及び多
孔質エレメントを通過した空気の混合気体に、半径方向
で燃料蒸気の濃度分布を形成せしめて燃焼する液体燃料
の燃焼装置に関するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, when a liquid fuel is dispersed and bubbled and burned, the mixture gas flowing in the axial direction, that is, the vapor of the liquid fuel which has formed a thin film of foam, and the porous element are formed. The present invention relates to a liquid fuel combustion device that burns a mixture of air that has passed through by forming a concentration distribution of fuel vapor in a radial direction.
【０００９】即ち本発明は、燃焼器と気液混合室を接続
し、燃焼器下部に多孔質エレメントを配設した燃焼装置
であって、少なくとも２種類以上の異なった目開き径を
有する多孔質エレメントを介設して気液混合室と燃焼器
とを構成し、気液混合室に燃料供給系及び泡沫形成用空
気供給系を設けた液体燃料の燃焼装置である。 また本発
明は上記装置において、前記多孔質エレメントに代え
て、均一な目開き径を有する多孔質体に該目開き径以上
の径を有する貫通孔を１個以上穿設した多孔質エレメン
トを介設してもよい。 That is, the present invention connects the combustor and the gas-liquid mixing chamber.
Combustion device with a porous element arranged below the combustor
A is, with interposed a porous element constructed and a gas-liquid mixing chamber combustor having a diameter opening of at least two or more different eye, the gas-liquid mixing chamber fuel supply system and the foaming air supply to the Ru combustor der liquid fuel having a system. Again
Akira describes the above device in place of the porous element.
Te may be interposed porous element through holes bored 1 or more having a diameter larger than the diameter opening the eyes in the porous body having a uniform mesh size.
【００１０】本発明は、燃焼前の混合気体に半径方向で
燃料蒸気の濃度分布を有する軸流れを形成せしめること
により、燃焼過程において、いわゆる濃淡燃焼を実現で
き、燃焼排ガス中に含まれるＮＯｘ濃度を低減すること
ができる。According to the present invention, by forming an axial flow having a fuel vapor concentration distribution in the radial direction in the mixed gas before combustion, so-called lean-burn combustion can be realized in the combustion process, and the NOx concentration contained in the combustion exhaust gas can be realized. Can be reduced.
【００１１】ここで濃淡燃焼とはＮＯｘ発生量の多くな
る理論空気量近傍での燃焼を避け、空気比が１より大き
い部位と１より小さい部分を組合わせ、トータルの空気
比を理論空気比より若干大きい値とすることにより、低
ＮＯｘ化をはかるものである。Here, the concentration combustion avoids combustion in the vicinity of the stoichiometric air amount where the amount of generated NOx is large, and combines a portion where the air ratio is larger than 1 and a portion where the air ratio is smaller than 1 to make the total air ratio smaller than the stoichiometric air ratio. By setting it to a slightly larger value, the NOx is reduced.
【００１２】しかしこのとき、混合気体が十分な断面積
を有して軸流れを形成しないと、燃焼前に燃料蒸気濃度
が均一化されてしまい、初期の目的を達し得ない。この
ため、空気比の大きい軸流れ（空気比ｍ≧１．３）と、
空気比の小さい軸流れ（ｍ≦０．８）を一旦別々に予燃
焼させた後合流させて燃焼を完結させる等の工夫がなさ
れている。However, at this time, unless the mixed gas has a sufficient cross-sectional area and does not form an axial flow, the fuel vapor concentration becomes uniform before combustion, and the initial purpose cannot be achieved. Therefore, an axial flow with a large air ratio (air ratio m ≧ 1.3) and
A scheme has been devised in which axial flows with a small air ratio (m ≦ 0.8) are once separately pre-burned and then joined to complete the combustion.
【００１３】一方多孔質エレメント上で形成される混合
気体の軸流れはその断面積が十分に大きく、半径方向で
均一化される前に燃焼過程に供することができ、理想的
な濃淡燃焼を実現できる。On the other hand, the axial flow of the gas mixture formed on the porous element has a sufficiently large cross-sectional area and can be subjected to a combustion process before being made uniform in the radial direction, thereby realizing ideal rich-and-lean combustion. it can.
【００１４】具体的に、燃料蒸気の濃度分布をつける方
法としては、多孔質エレメント上で泡沫を生成する際
に、多孔質エレメントを通過する空気量に分布をつける
ことにより達成できる。[0014] More specifically, a method of giving a concentration distribution of the fuel vapor can be achieved by giving a distribution to the amount of air passing through the porous element when foam is generated on the porous element.
【００１５】以下本発明を図面について説明する。図１
は本発明の実施態様例を示すもので、１は燃料を発泡さ
せる機能を有する多孔質エレメント、２は発泡用空気供
給管、３は燃料供給管、４は燃料噴射ノズル、５は噴射
ノズル４を包囲する気液混合室である。６は燃焼器で、
該燃焼器の下方には燃料を泡化する多孔質エレメント１
が連続して配置されている。７は点火ヒータ、１２は２
次燃焼空気供給管、１３は風箱、１４はバッフル板であ
る。多孔質エレメントは、平均目開き径１〜２００μｍ
で、密度４〜６gr／cm3 、空隙率３５〜４５％の焼結金
属や、密度２〜５gr／cm3 、気孔率１５〜４５％のセラ
ミックス体を使用するが、本発明においては後述するよ
うに均一な目開き径の部分Ａとそれより目開き径の大き
い部分Ｂを設けた多孔質エレメントが用いられる。The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG.
1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a porous element having a function of foaming fuel, 2 is an air supply pipe for foaming, 3 is a fuel supply pipe, 4 is a fuel injection nozzle, 5 is an injection nozzle 4 Is a gas-liquid mixing chamber. 6 is a combustor
A porous element 1 for foaming fuel is provided below the combustor.
Are arranged continuously. 7 is an ignition heater, 12 is 2
A next combustion air supply pipe, 13 is a wind box, and 14 is a baffle plate. The porous element has an average opening diameter of 1 to 200 μm.
A sintered metal having a density of 4 to 6 gr / cm 3 and a porosity of 35 to 45%, or a ceramic body having a density of 2 to 5 gr / cm 3 and a porosity of 15 to 45% is used. A porous element provided with a portion A having a uniform opening diameter and a portion B having a larger opening diameter as described above is used.
【００１６】燃料供給管３から燃料噴射ノズル４に導入
された灯油、軽油等の液体燃料は気液混合室５において
噴霧状となり、発泡用空気供給管２の加圧された空気と
混合されて多孔質エレメントに供給される。The liquid fuel such as kerosene or light oil introduced from the fuel supply pipe 3 to the fuel injection nozzle 4 is atomized in the gas-liquid mixing chamber 5 and mixed with the pressurized air of the foaming air supply pipe 2. Supplied to the porous element.
【００１７】実験によると多孔質エレメントの部分Ａの
上流側には燃料の液膜が均一に形成され、下流側には泡
沫１０が生成し、泡化現象がみられるが、部分Ｂではス
ラグ状態１４となる。According to experiments, a liquid film of the fuel is uniformly formed on the upstream side of the portion A of the porous element, and the foam 10 is generated on the downstream side, and a foaming phenomenon is observed. It becomes 14.
【００１８】図２は、本発明の詳細を示したもので図
（ｃ）に示すように多孔質エレメント１は、比較的目開
き径の細かい（２０μｍ）部分Ａと、それより目開き径
の大きな（１２０μｍ）部分Ｂを組合わせて一体化した
ものである。この多孔質エレメントの上流側から一様な
圧力で空気を送り込むと、通過に伴う圧力損失が小さな
部分Ｂの空気流速は部分Ａに比べて大きくなる。FIG. 2 shows the details of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2C, the porous element 1 has a portion A having a relatively small opening diameter (20 μm) and a portion A having a relatively small opening diameter. A large (120 μm) portion B is combined and integrated. When air is sent at a uniform pressure from the upstream side of the porous element, the air flow velocity in the portion B where the pressure loss due to passage is small is larger than that in the portion A.
【００１９】泡沫の生成状態は空気流速及び目開き径に
よって決定されるが、発泡用空気供給管から供給される
空気量を、部分Ａで泡沫生成が良好になるよう調整する
と、部分Ｂでは、空気流速が過剰となり、液体燃料はス
ラグ状態となる。この結果図（ａ）に示すように部分Ａ
の上方では燃料蒸気の濃い軸流れが、部分Ｂの上方では
淡い軸流れが形成される。The state of foam formation is determined by the air flow rate and the opening diameter. When the amount of air supplied from the air supply pipe for foaming is adjusted so that foam formation is good in part A, in part B, The air flow rate becomes excessive, and the liquid fuel enters a slag state. As a result, as shown in FIG.
Above, a dense axial flow of fuel vapor is formed above part B.
【００２０】図３は、本発明の他の実施例を示したもの
で、多孔質エレメントに貫通孔１１を設けたものであ
り、貫通孔１１は図２の部分Ｂと同様な効果が得られ
る。ここで貫通孔１１の孔径の下限は、多孔質エレメン
トの目開き径以上であればその効果は認められた。また
孔径の上限は特にないが、加工の容易性等も含めて孔径
は目開き径の２倍から１００倍の範囲が望ましい。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a through-hole 11 is provided in a porous element, and the through-hole 11 has the same effect as that of the portion B in FIG. . Here, if the lower limit of the hole diameter of the through hole 11 is equal to or larger than the opening diameter of the porous element, the effect is recognized. Although there is no particular upper limit on the hole diameter, the hole diameter is desirably in the range of 2 to 100 times the opening diameter, including ease of processing.
【００２１】図４は、図２の多孔質エレメントを図１の
バーナー４を有する気液混合室５に組み込んで燃焼さ
せ、定常状態となったときの燃焼排ガス中に含まれるＮ
Ｏｘ（ＮＯ2 ，ＮＯ，Ｎ2 Ｏの和）の濃度を、従来技術
と比較して示したものである。本発明の多孔質エレメン
トを用いた場合、燃焼量全域にわたって従来技術より低
い値となり、有害物質の発生の少ない優れた技術である
ことが確認された。FIG. 4 shows that the porous element shown in FIG. 2 is incorporated into a gas-liquid mixing chamber 5 having the burner 4 shown in FIG. 1 and burned.
9 shows the concentration of Ox (the sum of NO 2 , NO, and N 2 O) in comparison with the prior art. When the porous element of the present invention was used, the value was lower than that of the conventional technique over the entire combustion amount, and it was confirmed that this was an excellent technique with less generation of harmful substances.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】本発明は液体燃料の燃焼過程において濃
淡燃焼を実現できるので、燃焼排ガス中のＮＯｘを低減
できる効果がある。According to the present invention, since lean and rich combustion can be realized in the combustion process of the liquid fuel, there is an effect that NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be reduced.
【図１】本発明の説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.
【図２】（ａ）は本発明の燃料濃度分布図、（ｂ）は部
分説明図、（ｃ）は多孔質エレメントの平面図である。2A is a fuel concentration distribution diagram of the present invention, FIG. 2B is a partial explanatory diagram, and FIG. 2C is a plan view of a porous element.
【図３】（ａ）は本発明の他の例の燃料濃度分布図、
（ｂ）は部分説明図、（ｃ）は多孔質エレメントの平面
図である。FIG. 3 (a) is a fuel concentration distribution diagram of another example of the present invention,
(B) is a partial explanatory view, and (c) is a plan view of a porous element.
【図４】燃焼量と排ガス中のＮＯｘ量との図表である。FIG. 4 is a table showing the amount of combustion and the amount of NOx in exhaust gas.
１ 多孔質エレメント ２ 発泡用空気供給管 ３ 燃料供給管 ４ 燃料噴射ノズル ５ 気液混合室 ６ 燃焼器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous element 2 Air supply pipe for foaming 3 Fuel supply pipe 4 Fuel injection nozzle 5 Gas-liquid mixing chamber 6 Combustor
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平３−271609（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平２−259311（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F23D 5/00 F23D 11/40 - 11/44 F23C 11/00 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-271609 (JP, A) JP-A-2-259311 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) F23D 5/00 F23D 11/40-11/44 F23C 11/00
Claims (2)
部に多孔質エレメントを配設した燃焼装置であって、少
なくとも２種類以上の異なった目開き径を有する多孔質
エレメントを介設して気液混合室と燃焼器とを構成し、
気液混合室に燃料供給系及び泡沫形成用空気供給系を設
けたことを特徴とする液体燃料の燃焼装置。1. A combustor and a gas-liquid mixing chamber are connected to each other.
A combustion device in which a porous element is disposed in a portion, wherein a gas-liquid mixing chamber and a combustor are configured by interposing at least two or more types of porous elements having different opening diameters,
A liquid fuel combustion apparatus, comprising a fuel supply system and a foam formation air supply system in a gas-liquid mixing chamber.
部に多孔質エレメントを配設した燃焼装置であって、均
一な目開き径を有する多孔質体に該目開き径以上の径を
有する貫通孔を１個以上穿設した多孔質エレメントを介
設して気液混合室と燃焼器とを構成し、気液混合室に燃
料供給系及び泡沫形成用空気供給系を設けたことを特徴
とする液体燃料の燃焼装置。2. A combustor and a gas-liquid mixing chamber are connected to each other.
A combustion apparatus which is disposed a porous element in part, interposed a porous element through holes bored 1 or more having a diameter larger than the diameter opening the eyes in the porous body having a uniform mesh size To form a gas-liquid mixing chamber and a combustor.
It is characterized by providing a feed supply system and an air supply system for foam formation
Combustion system for a liquid fuel to.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4014503A JP3065765B2 (en) | 1992-01-30 | 1992-01-30 | Liquid fuel combustion equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4014503A JP3065765B2 (en) | 1992-01-30 | 1992-01-30 | Liquid fuel combustion equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05203117A JPH05203117A (en) | 1993-08-10 |
| JP3065765B2 true JP3065765B2 (en) | 2000-07-17 |
Family
ID=11862868
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4014503A Expired - Fee Related JP3065765B2 (en) | 1992-01-30 | 1992-01-30 | Liquid fuel combustion equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3065765B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014110834A1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-02-04 | Webasto SE | Film evaporator burner arrangement |
-
1992
- 1992-01-30 JP JP4014503A patent/JP3065765B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05203117A (en) | 1993-08-10 |
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