JP3067951B2 - Vertical cylindrical incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical cylindrical upper flame type incinerator in which a flame layer is formed on an incineration material which is put into a furnace at one time to promote combustion.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various incinerators have been used to incinerate waste. For example, a gasification incinerator in which the gas generated by carbonizing the incinerated material is burned in a combustion chamber, a rotary kiln in which a cylindrical furnace body is rotated to send the incinerated material with stirring, or air is used. A fluidized bed incinerator for drying and burning the incinerated material in a high-temperature fluidized medium fed and fluidized can be used.

[0003]

Among these, in a gasification incinerator, gas accumulation is likely to occur and there is a risk of explosion, and it is not always possible to freely put incineration materials freely. In addition, the rotary furnace type has a mechanically movable part, which complicates the structure and requires large power. In addition, the fluidized bed type requires relatively large power, and it is necessary to pretreat and incinerate the incinerated material so as not to hinder the flow.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide an incinerator with a simple structure having a small number of movable parts, in which incinerators can be charged all at once and the combustion temperature can be easily maintained at an appropriate temperature. And

[0005]

For this purpose, the following vertical cylindrical incinerator was created. That is, claim 1
In the invention according to the invention, a furnace body having a bottomed upright cylindrical shape and having an incineration material inlet and an exhaust port at the top, an ignition burner capable of igniting an upper surface portion of the incineration material deposited and accumulated in the furnace, and An air injection device connected to the plurality of injection holes provided on the furnace body side and capable of injecting combustion air into the furnace from the injection holes at a desired height, and an ash outlet provided at a lower portion of the furnace body It is characterized by having. In the invention according to claim 2, in the vertical cylindrical incinerator according to claim 1,
A temperature sensor for detecting a temperature in the furnace, and a predetermined injection hole selected from the plurality of injection holes based on the temperature in the furnace detected by the temperature sensor and the air injection device and connected to the temperature sensor, for combustion. And a control device for injecting the working air. Further, in the invention according to claim 3, in the vertical cylindrical incinerator according to claim 1, a temperature sensor for detecting an in-furnace temperature, a position sensor for detecting an upper surface position of the incinerated material, and both of the sensors. And a control device connected to the air injection device for selecting a predetermined injection hole from the plurality of injection holes based on a detection result of the sensor and injecting combustion air.

[0006]

The incineration material is charged into the furnace from the charging port to deposit a predetermined amount. The incinerated material is ignited by an ignition burner to form a flame layer on the upper portion of the incinerated material, and combustion air is injected from an injection hole at a height corresponding to the flame layer and burned. When the upper surface position of the incinerated material moves downward as the combustion proceeds, the injection holes are also switched to sequentially lower ones and the combustion air is injected from there. At this time, since all the unburned gas generated by heating the incinerated material passes through the upper flame layer, a gas reservoir cannot be formed in the furnace, and it is easily burned completely, and there is no fear of explosion. The residue such as ash is discharged from the ash outlet to the outside of the furnace. Furthermore, in the one provided with the temperature sensor and the control device, the control device selects the injection hole and determines the injection position based on the furnace temperature detected by the temperature sensor,
Combustion air can be supplied effectively. Therefore, it becomes easy to keep the combustion temperature at an appropriate temperature. further,
In the apparatus provided with the position sensor, a change in the upper surface position of the incinerated material can be directly detected and added to the control condition, so that fine control can be performed.

[0007]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing a vertical cylindrical type upper flame incinerator. As shown in the figure, a cylindrical furnace body 1 is formed in a water-cooled manner whose outer surface is wrapped by a water jacket portion 2, and has a cooling water supply port 2a, a steam discharge port 2b, and an incineration material inlet 1a at its upper end. Is provided. A motor-driven slide-type refractory lid 3 is attached to the input port 1a, and a bucket 4 containing incinerated material moves away from or above the refractory lid 3 (not shown). ) Is provided. At the lower part of the furnace main body 1, a furnace wall 1b covered with a heat-resistant castable to keep the temperature at the end of burning is inclined downward, and an ash outlet 1c opening horizontally in a part of the furnace wall 1b.
Is provided. The ash outlet 1c is provided with a pusher 5 which can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the drawing by a cylinder mechanism or the like to scrape ash.

On the upper side surface of the furnace main body 1, an ignition burner 6 capable of igniting the upper surface of the incinerated material B deposited in a predetermined amount and a temperature sensor 7 capable of detecting a flame temperature or a furnace temperature are mounted. On the opposite side, an exhaust passage (also referred to as an exhaust port) 1d is provided. The exhaust passage 1d is provided with an exhaust gas temperature sensor 8 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas and a deodorizing / deodorizing burner 9 for burning out unburned components in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas that has entered the exhaust passage 1d is guided to an exhaust pipe 11 via a high-temperature cyclone dust collector 10, and the exhaust pipe 11 is provided with an attraction ejector 13 connected to an attraction fan 12.

Further, a side surface of the furnace body 1 and a furnace wall 1 thereunder.
A large number of injection holes are formed in b in the up and down direction (in this example, two rows on the left and right are shown), and injection nozzles 14 that penetrate the water jacket 2 are attached. Ring-shaped air chambers 15 to 15 are provided along the outer periphery of the water jacket portion 2. Each injection nozzle 14 is connected to control valves 16a to 16e via the air chamber 15 at a corresponding height position. . That is, in this example, the control valves 16a to 16a
By opening and closing 6e, the injection position can be switched between five upper and lower stages divided by the air chambers 15 to 15. In addition, on the side surface of the furnace main body 1, vertically adjacent injection nozzles 14, 14 form a pair, and they are connected to one air chamber 15.

The control valves 16a to 16e are piped so that combustion air can be supplied from a pushing fan 17, and the injection direction of the injection holes (injection nozzles 14) is such that the combustion air is directed substantially horizontally in the furnace. Is set to turn. The air injection device according to the present invention is configured as described above.
5. The number of control valves 16a to 16e to be mounted is appropriately set according to the size of the furnace and other conditions. Further, a water injection nozzle 18 capable of injecting water into the furnace is inserted through the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the water injection nozzle 18 is connected to a pump (not shown) via a control valve 19.

The ignition burner 6, the temperature sensors 7, 8, the deodorizing and deodorizing burner 9, the induction fan 12, the control valves 16a to 16e, 19, and the push-in fan 17 are electrically connected to the control panel 20. The automatic operation as described below is enabled by control means such as a microcomputer and a sequencer provided in the control panel 20.

The operation of the vertical cylindrical incinerator having the above structure will be described. First, the refractory lid 3 of the slide type is fully opened, and the incineration material B is supplied from the bucket 4 all at once. The charging limit is the lower edge position of the opening of the exhaust passage 1d. Next, automatic operation is started via the control means of the control panel 20. The operation sequence is generally as follows. When the operation start button of the control panel 20 is turned on, first, the induction fan 12
Then, the pushing fan 17 is started. Subsequently, the ignition burner 6 automatically ignites and ignites the upper surface of the incineration material B. Temperature sensor 7
When the incinerator B is detected to start burning based on the detected temperature, the control valve 16a located at the uppermost stage is opened, and combustion air is injected from the injection nozzle 14 communicating with the control valve 16a. Thus incineration B
A flame layer F is formed above the fuel cell, and the temperature sensor 7 detects the flame temperature or the furnace temperature, and the control means of the control panel 20 controls the combustion air to maintain an optimal combustion state based on the temperature change. Is controlled.

That is, when the temperature in the furnace begins to fall beyond the predetermined temperature range, the upper surface position of the incinerated material lowers, and the combustion at the position corresponding to the uppermost stage among the injection positions of the five-stage division ends. Is determined to have approached. Then, in order to start supplying combustion air to the position corresponding to the second stage, the control valve (in this case, 16
The control valve (16b in this case) immediately below a) is opened halfway, and an appropriate amount of combustion air is injected toward the gasification layer G below the flame layer F to promote the gasification of the incineration B. At this time, sufficient combustion air is continuously injected into the flame layer F from the control valve 16a. Thereafter, when the furnace temperature does not reach the predetermined temperature, the control valve 16b is fully opened and the control valve 16a is fully closed to prevent excess air.

Similarly, the combustion state and the upper surface position of the incinerated material are determined based on the temperature change in the furnace, and the control valves 16b to 16e are sequentially opened and closed to follow the flame layer F moving downward. An appropriate amount of combustion air is injected from the injection nozzle 14 to adjust the flame temperature. Therefore, the combustion temperature is maintained within a predetermined range.

In the above combustion process, the combustion air is injected from the injection nozzle 14 so as to form a swirling flow, so that the temperature in the furnace is made uniform and the combustion is promoted. Also,
Since all the volatile unburned gas generated from the incinerated material B which is heated by the radiant heat of the flame layer F passes through the upper flame layer F, a gas reservoir cannot be formed in the furnace and complete combustion becomes easy. There is no danger of explosion. Therefore, the driving operation becomes easy.

On the other hand, the exhaust gas is guided to the high-temperature cyclone dust collector 10 through the exhaust passage 1 d, and the cleaned exhaust gas is discharged by the action of the attracting ejector 13 to the exhaust pipe 11.
Is discharged from Further, the temperature of the exhaust gas is set to the exhaust passage 1d.
The exhaust gas temperature sensor 8 in the inside detects the temperature, and particularly when the temperature is extremely lowered near the end of the combustion, the deodorizing and deodorizing burner 9 automatically ignites and burns the carbon content contained in the exhaust gas. I have.

When the combustion of the incinerated material B proceeds and the furnace body 1 is overheated, the control valve 19 is opened,
Water is sprayed or sprayed from the water injection nozzle 18 to lower the furnace temperature. When the water in the water jacket portion 2 boils, steam is released from the steam discharge port 2b for safety. Residue such as ash collected at the bottom of the furnace body 1 is scraped out from the ash outlet by the pusher 5.

In this embodiment, the control means judges the combustion state based on the furnace temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7 mounted on the upper part of the furnace main body 1. However, a plurality of temperature sensors are provided. The temperature distribution in the furnace may be detected, or the flame temperature may be directly measured. In addition, a separate sensor is provided to detect the upper surface position of the incinerated material, and the detection result is added to control conditions when the control means controls the control valve, so that the injection position and injection amount of the combustion air can be determined. Since fine control can be performed, it is possible to operate in an optimum combustion state. Alternatively, when the properties of the incinerated material are constant, the injection time of each injection nozzle is set in advance, and the control valve 1 is set by a timer.
The control may be simplified by sequentially opening and closing 6a to 16e.

[0019]

As described above, the vertical cylindrical incinerator according to the present invention is configured such that the incineration material which has been collectively charged into the furnace body is formed with a flame layer on the upper portion thereof and burned. ,
Since gas accumulation is not possible, safety is high, and incineration material can be charged at any time, and operation is easy. Then, by sequentially switching the injection holes in accordance with the change in the upper surface position of the incinerated material and injecting the combustion air, the combustion temperature can be maintained at an appropriate temperature. Further, since the furnace main body has a relatively simple configuration without moving parts for maintaining combustion, the maintenance cost is low. Further, in the second invention,
The automatic operation of the incinerator is facilitated because the temperature sensor detects the temperature in the furnace and the control means controls the injection position and the injection amount of the combustion air based on the detection result. Further, in the third invention, a change in the upper surface position of the incinerated material is directly detected by the position sensor, and the change is added to the control condition.
Fine control is possible, and it is easy to maintain an optimal combustion state.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing a vertical cylindrical type upper flame incinerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace main body 1a Inlet 1c Ash outlet 1d Exhaust passage 6 Ignition burner 7 Temperature sensor 14 Injection nozzle 15 Air chamber 16a-16e, 19 Control valve 17 Push-in fan 20 Control panel B Incineration G Gasification layer F Flame layer F

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI F23G 5/00 ZAB F23G 5/00 ZAB 5/44 ZAB 5/44 ZABG (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB Name) F23G 5/50 ZAB F23G 5/00 119 F23G 5/44 ZAB

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A furnace body having a bottomed cylindrical shape and having an incineration material inlet and an exhaust port at the top, an ignition burner capable of igniting an upper surface portion of the incineration material deposited and accumulated in the furnace, and An air injection device connected to the plurality of injection holes provided on the furnace body side and capable of injecting combustion air into the furnace from the injection holes at a desired height, and an ash outlet provided at a lower portion of the furnace body Vertical flame incinerator equipped with a vertical cylinder. 2. A temperature sensor for detecting an inside temperature of the furnace, and a predetermined injection hole from the plurality of injection holes based on the temperature inside the furnace which is connected to the temperature sensor and the air injection device and detected by the temperature sensor. 2. A vertical cylindrical incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising: a control device for selecting the combustion air to be injected. 3. A temperature sensor for detecting an in-furnace temperature, a position sensor for detecting a position of an upper surface of the incinerated material, and the plurality of injections connected to the sensors and the air injection device based on the detection results of the sensors. 2. The vertical cylindrical upper flame incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising a control device for selecting a predetermined injection hole from the holes and injecting combustion air.